ROUTES OF EXPLORATION TO THE NEW WORLDTCI Study GuideBy Donna Herrema

WHAT WAS THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE THAT EXPLORERS HOPE TO FIND?

• The Northwest Passage is a sea route connecting the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

• Sought by explorers for centuries as a possible trade route.

WHY DID MANY AMERICAN INDIANS DIE FROM CONTAGIOUS DISEASES?

• There were an estimated 18 million Native Americans living north of Mexico at the beginning of the European invasion. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, American Indians were remarkably free of serious diseases. People did not often die from diseases. As the European explorers and colonists began to arrive, this changed and the consequences were disastrous for Native American people. The death tolls from the newly introduced European diseases often reached 80-90 percent. Entire groups of people vanished before the tidal wave of disease.

WHY DID THE RULERS OF SPAIN WANT A SHORTER ROUTE TO EAST INDIES?

• To get silk and spices

HOW IS A COLONY DIFFERENT FROM OTHER PLACES IN WHICH PEOPLE SETTLE?

• In politics and history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a state, distinct from the home territory of the sovereign.

MATCH THE EXPLORER WITH THEIR ACCOMPLISHMENT

•3•Looked for the fountain of youth.

•4•Fought against the Aztecs in Mexico

•1• Explored the Mississippi River.

•2•Explored what is now the southwestern United States

Juan Ponce de

LeonHernan Cortes

Robert de La Salle

Francisco Vasquez

de Coronado

WHAT WAS THE FIRST PERMANENT EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN THE UNITED

STATES?•   René Goulaine de Laudonnière, Ribault's lieutenant on the previous

voyage, set out to found a haven for Protestant Huguenot colonists in Florida. He founded Fort Caroline at what is now Jacksonville in July 1564. Once again, however, a resupplying mission by Ribault failed to arrive, threatening the colony. Some mutineers fled Fort Caroline to engage in piracy against Spanish colonies, causing alarm among the Spanish government. Fort Caroline was the first French colony in the present-day United States, located on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. It was established under the leadership of René Goulaine de Laudonnière on June 22, 1564, as a new territorial claim in French Florida and a safe haven for Huguenots. Laudonnière nearly abandoned the colony in 1565, but Jean Ribault finally arrived with supplies and new settlers in August.[12]

WHY DID THE SPANISH ATTACK FORT CAROLINE?

•  in response to French activities, King Philip II of Spain appointed Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Adelantado of Florida, with a commission to drive non-Spanish adventurers from all of the land from Newfoundland to St. Joseph Bay (on the north coast of the Gulf of Mexico).[13] Menéndez de Avilés reached Florida at the same time as Ribault in 1565, and established a base at San Agustín (St. Augustine in English), the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in what is now the continental United States.[14] Menéndez de Avilés quickly set out to attack Fort Caroline, traveling overland from St. Augustine. At the same time, Ribault sailed from Fort Caroline, intending to attack St. Augustine from the sea. The French fleet, however, was pushed out to sea and decimated by a squall. Meanwhile, the Spanish overwhelmed the lightly defended Fort Caroline, sparing only the women and children.[15][16] Some 25 men were able to escape. When the Spanish returned south and found the French shipwreck survivors, Menéndez de Avilés ordered all of the Huguenots executed.[1

WHICH EXPLORERS ARE KNOWN AS CONQUISTADORS?

• Conquistadors is a Spanish word meaning Conqueror. • Christopher Columbus• Juan Ponce de Leon• Hernan Cortes• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado• Of the 4 conquistadors listed above, which conquistador was the last one

to sail to the New World?• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

WHICH MEN EXPLORED BEFORE 1500?

1492 - 1506• Christophe

r Collumbus

14978-1498• John Cabot

Juan Ponce de Leon• 1506-1521

WHOSE EXPEDITION TOOK PLACE SOON AFTER JACQUES CARTIER’S VOYAGE?

Hernan Cortes• 1519-1521

Jacques Cartier• 1534-1542

Francisco Coronado• 1540-1542

FOR THE TEST, THINK OF SYMBOLS THAT REPRESENT THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE

IMPACTS OF THE EXPLORERS.• Claiming of land• Information that led to new, more accurate maps.• Slavery of the Native Americans• Spreading of diseases• Building of settlements to begin the settling of North America by

Europeans• Destroying the Native Americans and their culture.• The introduction of new foods to Europe