Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Round Bale Hay Storage Costs Brian J. Holmes Professor and Extension Specialist University of Wisconsin- Madison. What hay storage system should I select? Answer depends on: 1. How long will storage be used? 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 20 years. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Round Bale Hay Storage Costs
Brian J. HolmesProfessor and Extension SpecialistUniversity of Wisconsin- Madison
What hay storage system should I select?
Answer depends on:
1. How long will storage be used?
1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 20 years
What hay storage system should I select?
Answer depends on:
2. What is hay worth?
If you had hay to sell today, what could you get for it?
What hay storage system should I select?
Answer depends on:
2. What is hay worth?
If you had to buy hay today, what would you give for it?
What hay storage system should I select?
Answer depends on:
2. What is hay worth?Grass hayAlfalfa hayBuying on quality (cows, horses etc.)Feeding beef cowsFeeding dairy cowsType and Size of Package
Average Hay Price vs Feed Value
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
103-124 125-149 > 150
RFV/RFQ
Hay
Pri
ce (
$/T
)
.
Small Square
Large Square
Large Round
Average Prices Paid Numerous Midwest Locations (Jan 9, 2004)
www.uwex.edu/ces/forage/pubs/hay_market_report.htm
Bale Type
What hay storage system should I select?
Answer depends on:
3. How long will hay be stored each year and in what seasons?
DM loss depends on moisture, temperature & time
Round Bale Hay Dry Matter Loss Storage Period
Storage Up to Method 9 Months* 12-18 Months === Dry Matter Loss (%) ===Exposed Ground 5-20 15-50 Elevated 3-15 12-35Covered Ground 5-10 10-15 Elevated 2- 4 5-10
Under Roof 2 - 5 3-10
Enclosed Barn <2 2– 5 * If used by spring warm up Huhnke
Hay Dry Matter Losses
Source of Loss Additional CumulativeLoss Loss(%) (%)
---------------------------------------------------------------Respiration/ 2-10* 2-10*Heating
Direct 1-25* 3-35*Precipitation
Ground 2-15* 5-50*Wicking---------------------------------------------------------------•Highest values for 12-18 months storage
Huhnke
Months of Storage
Dry
Mat
ter
Lo
ss (
%)
Fahey et al
Dry Matter Loss vs Months of Storage
Moist Climates-Outside(1.0 - 3.0 % / mo)
Dry Climates or Inside (0.5-1.5 % / mo)
Rate of DM Loss
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0.5 % /mo
1.0 % /mo
1.5 % /mo
2.0 % /mo
3.0 % /mo
Factors Affecting Dry Matter Loss Rate
Bale:
Type Size Density Initial Moisture Forage Species
Factors Affecting Dry Matter Loss Rate
Weather:
Precipitation Relative Humidity Temperature Sunshine vs Shade
Factors Affecting Dry Matter Loss Rate
Protection from Moisture:
Roof Plastic Wrap/Sleeves Net Wrap vs Twine Tarp Separation from Soil/Ground
Factors Affecting Dry Matter Loss Rate
Separation from Ground:
Plastic WrapLarge Crushed StoneTies/PolesPalletsTiresOther??
% of Bale Volume Weathered
Depth of Weathered Layer (inches)
4 4 16 31 44 56
Round Bale Dimensions
Diameter (ft)
Length (ft) 2 4 6 8
5 4 13 25 36 46
6 5 11 21 31 40
Percentage of Bale Volume Affected by Weathering
Collins et al
Value of Hay Dry Matter Lost in Storage
Storage Hay Price ($/T of Hay @16% Moisture)Loss 40 60 80 100 120 (%) ===== Value Lost ($/Ton Hay)=======
5 2 3 4 5 6 10 4 6 8 10 12 15 6 9 12 15 18 20 8 12 16 20 24 25 10 15 20 25 30 30 12 18 24 30 36 35 14 21 28 35 42 40 16 24 32 40 48 45 18 27 36 45 54 Huhnke
Hay bales should be covered to reduce the nutrients leaching back into the soil.
Shade
Ground Wicking
Precipitation
Shade
Ground Wicking
Precipitation?
What hay storage system should I select?
Answer depends on:
4. What are the economics of alternatives? (Capital vs Annual Costs)
Round Bale Storage Cost Analysis
Results Based on Assumptions that Follow
See URL for spreadsheet to do your analysis
http:// WWW.UWEX.EDU/CES/CROPS/HARVEST.HTM
Location: Humid Climate
Storage Time (months) 6 12
Storage Type Dry Matter Loss (%)
Outside on Ground 9.5 13Outside w Crushed Rock Pad 8 10Outside - Pad & Pallets 7.5 8.5Outside - Pad & Tarp 4 5Outside - Pad, Pallets & Tarp 3 4Inside Building 2 2
Assumptions Used in Analysis
Hay Storage Building Cost vs Floor AreaOpen Sided Building
8.45
5.565.816
9.12
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Floor Area (sq ft)
Bu
ildin
g C
ost(
$ /
sq
ft )
.
12 ft Wall Height
14 ft Wall Height
16 ft Wall Height (est)
3,600 sq ft40 x 90
1,200 sq ft30 x 40
Assumptions Used in AnalysisBale:
Length = 5 ftDiameter = 5 ftWeight = 1200 lbs/baleNumber = 378Total Weight = 227 T
Building:Length = 90 ftWidth = 40 ftHeight = 16 ftCost = $6.00 / sq ftFloor =$0.30 / sq ftTotal Cost = $22,680
Assumptions Used in Analysis
Macadam Storage PadHeight = 3 Bales (Pyramid)Width = 15 ftLength = 315 ftUnit Cost = $0.40 / sq ftLabor Rate = $10 / hrTarp Unit Cost = $0.06 / sq ftPallet unit Cost = $0.26 / sq ftPallet Tractor Rate = $23 / hr
Annual Cost vs Cost / Ton of Hay6 Month Storage
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
40 60 80 100
Cost/Ton ($/T Hay)
An
nu
al C
ost
($/
yr)
.
Ground
Rock Pad
Pad w Pallets
Pad w Pallets & Tarp Building
Pad & Tarp
Annual Cost vs Cost / Ton of Hay12 Month Storage
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
40 60 80 100
Cost/Ton ($/T Hay)
An
nu
al C
os
t ($
/yr)
Ground
Rock Pad
Pad w Pallets
Pad w Pallets &Tarp Building
Pad & Tarp
Annual Cost vs Cost / Ton of Hay6 & 12 Month Storage
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
40 60 80 100Cost/Ton ($/T Hay)
An
nu
al C
ost
($/
yr)
.
Ground (6 mo)
Rock Pad (6 mo)
Pad w Pallets (6 mo)Pad w Pallets &Tarp (6 mo)Building (6mo)
Ground (12 mo)
Rock Pad (12 mo)Pad w Pallets (12 mo)Pad w Pallets &Tarp (12 mo)Building (12 mo)
Pad & Tarp (6 mo)Pad & Tarp (12 mo)
Conclusions Based on Assumptions
1. Storage decisions affect costs significantlyDo your own cost analysis
2. For 6 month storage: Consider Rock Pad or Pad & Tarp at $40/Ton
to insure against wet year Use Rock Pad & Tarp at > $50/Ton Don’t Use Building, Pads w Pallets
or Pads w Pallet & Tarp
3. For 12 Month Storage: Use Rock Pad & Tarp Don’t Use Other Alternatives
Questions?
