Upload
matthew-lindsey
View
219
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Roots of IndustrializationRoots of Industrialization
Libertyville High SchoolLibertyville High School
Colonial IndustryColonial Industry
Agricultural basis of economy North: subsistence
crops South: labor intensive
cash crops
Farmers relied upon merchants, craftsmen for tools and trade
Post Revolution IndustryPost Revolution Industry Post revolution population
low (incentive for mechanization)
Eastern seaboard had many rivers & streams (mills)
Lots of natural resources Government / social effect
Strong property rights Patent system (IP) Non-rigid class system
Early American IndustryEarly American Industry Cotton Gin (1789) by Ely
Whitney Separated seeds of short
fibered cotton from fiber Reduced necessary labor
by factor of 50! Generated huge profits for
cotton growers
Cemented cotton as main crop in South
Early American IndustryEarly American Industry “Putting out” system
Subcontracting work to people who did it at home
Exs: textiles, light manufacturing (locks, guns)
Samuel Slater “Father of American Industrial
Revolution” Englishman, learned textile
industry in England Emigrated to America (illegally!);
started factory here; owned 13 textile factories in US
Samuel Slater
Slater Mill
Industrial TechnologyIndustrial Technology Interchangeable parts
Pioneered by gunsmiths Jefferson & Blanc story (1778 –
refused to emigrate) Ely Whitney story (K w/o knowing
about interchangeability) Advantage: speed Disadvantage: quality
Energy provider Moving water (mills) James Watt (1736-1819)
Importance: allowed factories to move away from rivers
Still needed to be close to transportation networkSteam engine
Transportation NetworkTransportation Network Roads
Macadam roads Layer of gravel Layer of larger stones Tar used to make rocks
on top surface stick
Steamboat Robert Fulton patent Clermont (1807) – NY
to Albany in 32 hours! (took sailing ships 4 days)
Transportation NetworkTransportation Network DeWitt Clinton’s “Big
Ditch” Erie Canal (1817-1828) First canal to be built with
state money (others private or Feds)
Built between Albany & Buffalo
Statistics 363 miles long 40 feet wide, 4 feet deep w/
10 foot towpath alongside 83 locks, total rise = 568 feet,
from Hudson to Lake Erie Disadvantage: SLOW!!!
Transportation NetworksTransportation Networks Railroad
Derived from steam ship Steam engine on wheels, w/
tracks Advantages
could be built anywhere Inexpensive Relatively fast (vs. canal, road)
First RR = Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) Between Baltimore, MD and
Ellcicot, MD 13 miles away (expanded quickly, to DC by 1834)
Early RRs built by private investors Initially moved natural resources Later, passenger trains began
Government Encouragement of Government Encouragement of IndustrializationIndustrialization
Patents Gov’t gives inventor exclusive
rights to benefit from invention After 20 years, anyone can
duplicate invention
Copyrights Protection to authors of
original works of authorship Owner has exclusive right to
reproduce copyrighted work
Why important?!?!
CommunicationsCommunications Telegraph (1844)
Prof. Samuel Morse sent pulses of electrical current through wires to produce dots / dashes (Morse code)
Famous telegraph companies include Western Union, AT&T, Bell
By 1858, trans-Atlantic communication possible
Morse Code, c. 1837
Extent of TelegraphStations,1853
Significance of AdvancementsSignificance of Advancements
Westward migration made possible
Agricultural, industrial segments of economy became interdependent
Nation tied together through transportation network
“Westward, the Course to Empire”