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Roosevelt’s New Deals: Relief from the Great Depression
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President Hoover
• Believed “the Government should not support the people”
• He did give some relief– Loaned money to railroads, banks, and other
vital businesses.– Called for lower taxes– Loaned money to states for public works
• But unemployment continued to rise…
Welcome to Hooverville
1932 Election• President Hoover vs. Franklin D. Roosevelt
(Governor of New York)• Franklin D. Roosevelt won a landslide
victory.• Promised that the government would help
victims of the Great Depression.• FDR called for a special session of
Congress during his inaugural address.• Congress created programs later known as
the New Deal.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Elected President
Copy into your notes under “New Deal”
**Some people thought New Deal was a form of socialism: a system in which the state (govt.) controls the economy.
Restoring Confidence• Banks
– March 6, 1933 President Roosevelt declares a “bank holiday”
– Banks were temporarily closed to review their finances.
• Fireside Chats (friendly radio talks to the nation)– Using one of his addresses (March 12, 1933) to
the American people FDR assures them that banks are safe.
– By the end of the month nearly $1 billion had been deposited.
Hundred Days – The New DealFERA
( Federal Emergency Relief Act)
Federal money for relief projects to 13 million unemployed
PWA (Public Works Administration)
New jobs: highways, bridges, etc.
AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration)
Regulated farm production and promoted soil conservation.
TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)
Planned development of Tennessee Valley region.
The New Deal (cont.)
CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
Hired young men to plant trees, build dams, & other conservation projects.
FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
Protected money of depositors and insured banks.
NRA (National Recovery Administration)
Regulated industry and raised wages and prices.
The New Deal
The Dust Bowl
• By mid-1930s, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico were all suffering from a long drought.
• With drought and poor farming techniques, winds whipped up the dry fields into huge dust storms.
• 50-million acre region became the Dust Bowl
Effects of the Dust Bowl
• Major human migration towards California
• By the end the 1930s, about 1 million refugees had made it to CA and other Pacific states.
• Often called “Okies” since many were from Oklahoma.
Second New DealWPA (Works Progress Administration)
Large scale national-works programs for jobs.
REA (Rural Electrification Administration)
Brought electricity to rural areas.
NYA (National Youth Administration)
Set up jobs for young people & helped them continue education.
Wagner Act Law that protected the right of workers to form unions.
Social Security Act Helped workers who had been laid off or retired.
1936 Election
• FDR won again in a landslide.
• Planned to create even more reforms.“I see one third of the
nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished.”
~FDR
