ROOFTOP ORGANIC VEGETABLE GARDEN, FOUR YEAR CROP ROTATION

7/29/2019 ROOFTOP ORGANIC VEGETABLE GARDEN, FOUR YEAR CROP ROTATION

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

This is an eBook edited from an assignment I did on organic food production whilst studyinghorticultural management at Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand, in !!"#I have decided to turn that assignment into the e$ook you are now reading so it can go to the$enefit of all, rather than it $uilding up metaphorical dust, all forgotten a$out % unappreciated deepwithin my hardrive#

While this is free for all to use, which is why I've decided to make it into a page viewable for all, sopeople everywhere can get to work on feeding themselves and their friends & family, even withlimited space, if I get good feedback I might decide to further edit it into a publishable documentsome stage in the future. So please give credit where its due and please only print for your own, oryour friends or families use, and please do not publish it/copy it without first giving me, the authorcredit or asking for my permission first, as !"# of time was spent with research on all the aspectsfor the assignment that this has come from...&not to mention the painstaking hours upon hours ofthe editing process itself to make the much more attractive and less academic document you nowsee'(heww) now that nitty gritty is out of the way## *N+- .' the awesomely good food you will $e a$leto grow yourself)

$emember that this has been mostly copied/pasted, then edited from a previous assignment I didon organic crop production, with the brief being suitable & relevant for our living situation at thetime, in which case I lived in a %brm upstairs flat with a small outdoor roof space. So bear in mindthat your situation will be different, so tailor it to suit, more space is obviously better, but this showsthat it can still be done in a small space.

NOTE/ll materials prices in NZ dollars, as of !!", so convert to your currency using an onlinecurrency converter &0ust google1theres plenty out there' and allow for inflation, $ut all of thematerials listed from a shop &Bunnings et al' would $e availa$le at whichever hardware store is amain supplier in your area, and the main o$0ective here was cutting costs so I went for thecheapest option for $asic materials1 so adapt yours to suit#

/lso $e aware that this is from a New Zealand perspective so if in the northern hemisphere themonths will $e opposite to that listed#

This has $een planned for a temperate climate, so again adapt to suit yours &do some 2uickresearch what can $e grown when in your area'

S I(#.. )hristchurch has a temperate climate, *often four seasons in one day + but generallywarm/hot summers, brisk autumns sometimes frosty, cold/damp winters with the occasional snow,& brisk/wet/sunny springs *basically in spring the weather doesn't know what it wants to do + . -utbasically no etremes, not too wet, not too hot, not too cold & generally not too dry ecept for thevery occasional drought.

/lso note this was planned for a rooftop so there will pro$a$ly $e some difference in sun1capture %temperature as the corrugated iron the pellets were on top of retained more heat than a concretearea % definitely a lawn would, so again adapt it to suit your climate, may$e wait a few weeks$efore planting to $e sure, likewise for plants to $e planted at the onset of winter you may$e a$le toget away with doing it a few weeks sooner#

B/3ICL-## +U3T /4/(T /LL T5* IN678/TIN T -U7 3ITU/TIN /N4 *N+- T5*67UIT3 6 -U7 L/BU7# 94LUC:) .'


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SOCIAL SITUATION: SINGLE ADULTSOCIAL SITUATION: SINGLE ADULT

MAKE UP:

; /dult

3ingle horticultural student living on own in an upstairs single flat near centre of city# (ays own fullrent and on a tight $udget, prefers organic food if possi$le and wishes to $e more self sufficient#Likes to have friends over for tea when possi$le# metres long $y ? metres wide, and receives all day sun, with no$uildings north for at1least ?!1 >! metres, and $uildings slightly to the left and right, therefore$locking most of the prevailing wind e=cept for the Northwest, and a slight easterly $ree@e to the

north edge of roof, $ut overall a comforta$le micro1climate#

EXPERTISE:

; horticultural student, with interest and enthusiasm for gardening and organic food production#3lightly limited practical knowledge of food production systems, $ut theoretical knowledge throughcourse, and e=perience helping others garden# /lso knows other people with organic vegeta$legardens who could lend assistance, and further future advice# 5as worked part time in a smallorganic natives nursery, undertaking nursery tasks, and some landscapingAgarden maintenance#

Likes a variety of different vegeta$les, has no specific ethnic preferences, $ut likes lots of different

flavors in diet, with lots of her$s also#

TOOLS AVAILABLE:

hand shovel, fork and hoe garden shovel, fork and hoe watering can secateurs hammer saw 1all necessary tools availa$le e=cept for electric tool involved in initial garden construction#

BRIEFBRIEF

The plan is a compact $edding style garden, on ? wooden pellets 0oined together, ?# m long intotal, $y ;# m wide#


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CO NSTRUCTIO N OF GARDEN:

? = wooden pellets as $ase, & e=isting already' to $e retrieved from outside factories or o$tainedthrough friend at H litres 1 appro=# ; J >! F organic compost G E;H#> litres 1 "D#E! JE F organic worm compost G >#H litres 1 ! 1 E J E F organic chicken manure G ! litres 1 ;EA$agJ retail, if from a small chicken farm orroadside then possi$ly only E# laid down with $lood and $one fertiliser, mi=ed throughout ; = >! litre $ag K!J 1 ?!J It is recommended also to collect worms for the soil and start a small worm farm for theworm leachate, which is nutrient rich and will $e a constant source of plant food onceesta$lished# The garden should also consistently $e laid down with mulch, to keep down weeds and helpretain soil moisture levels#

BUCKETS

3oil make up 1 same F ratios as soil $eds. ; = H! litre $ag. organic vegeta$le garden potting mi= 1 !J ; = H! litre $ag. organic compost 1 ;EJ ; = ! litre $ag. organic worm compost 1 !J 1 EJ ; = ! litre $ag. organic chicken manure 1 ;EA$ag retailJ,

If from a small chicken farm or roadside then pro$a$ly only E##otal materials ppro., 012.34

It is highly recommended that client starts a compost $in, to create own source of garden compost,for getting rid of garden waste, and also keeping to the organic philosophy#It is also recommended also to collect worms for the soil and start a small worm farm for the wormleachate, which is nutrient rich and will $e a constant source of plant food once esta$lished#5average price


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PRODUCTION:PRODUCTION:

/ variety of crops will $e grown, ensuring a year round supply of fresh organic produce# withemphasis on crop rotation, companion planting, and inter1cropping, as means of culturalcontrol of pests, recycling and increasing soil nutrients &means less need for $uying plant1foodproducts', attracting $eneficial insects, and also making the $est possi$le use of the limited spaceprovided# /n added $onus is with good maintenance the garden will always look good too#

The following list of crops are listed in the seasons theyre to $e sowed &or can $e', and on variouscrop rotations over a four year course# 8any of the crops chosen will also $e small cultivars ofparticular vegeta$les &i#e# small pumpkins'# /ll have also $een chosen for their ease of growth andmaintenance#

)rops to be grown listed in no particular order, and with various companion plants to-e mentioned further on in the crop rotation section.

SPRING

kale, carrots, lettuce, mesclun greens, potatoes, garlic, onions, mini sweet1corn, $asil,thyme, parsley peppers, spring onionApickling onions, $eetroot, mint, rhu$ar$, straw$erries,melons &cantaloupe', leeks, chives, @ucchini, eggplant, :ohl 7a$i#

SUMMER

(eas, $eetroot, parsley, carrots, mesclun salad greens, straw$erries, pumpkinAs2uash,straw$erries, spring onionApickling onions

AUTUMN

7u$yArain$ow chard, kale, onions, spring onionsApickling onions

WINTER

Chard, spring onionsApickling onions

*NOTE: MESCLUN SALAD GREENS.

$emember to make sure that the mi of mesclun salad greens grown is changed every cycle, asmesclun greens are being used not 6ust as a mi of crop grown but also as an intercrop, meaningthey will be grown in almost every rotation. So it7s important to rotate the salad greens grown also,as they could encourage the growth and attraction of harmful organisms such as insect pests andfungal diseases. 8articularly vulnerable are varieties like 9ale which are a close relative to $ocket*both from the -rassicca family, and those from the !ettuce family such as, chicory & loose leaflettuces. #he same goes in part for intercrops and companion plants too.

A SELLECTION OF DIFFERENT SALAD GREENS TO BE GROWN:

$ocket, )hicory, )orn salad, )laytonia, 9omatsuna, :i;una greens, :itsuba, 8urslane *summer,oriental mustards *many varieties, -eet leaf, small cultivars of loose leaf lettuce.

A SELECTION OF INTERCROPS AND COMPANION PLANTS:

Spring onion, (asturtium *edible flower, )hives *not only a useful herb but the flowers also drawbeneficial insects, -asil, :arigolds *draw beneficial insects inside greenhouse, the various:esclun salad green mies, various herbs.


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GARDEN PLANGARDEN PLAN

PLAN OF WHOLE GARDEN

A SKETCH EXAMPLE OF AN INTER-SEASON CROP ROTATION IN AREA B:

&circles indicate spread of fully grown foliage' 3pringA3ummer 1-ear ;

3pringA3ummer 1-ear ;


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3ummer K winter, -ear ;

ROTATIO N OF CROPS GROWNROTATION OF CROPS GROWN

AREA a: POLY TUN NEL-HOUSEYEAR 1

SPRING

3ow :ale inter1cropped w rocket % nasturtium, as companions of kale# 6astgrowing, rocket can $e harvested within ? weeks, and kale also fast growing can $eharvested within D weeks#

SUMMER Tomatoes = with parsley as companion and chives &chive flowers also attract$eneficial insects'# /lso with mesclun greens as inter1crops, fast growing they will fillthe glut until the tomatoes have grown, also filling space and minimising weedgrowth#

Tomatoes take a$out D 1 ; weeks sowing till harvestJ, pick when the right colouraccording to the cultivar#J&sowingAplanting instructions in /ppendices#'

AUTUMN /fter tomato harvest sow ru$yA rain$ow chard &=' as main crop with spring onionsas inter1crop# 3pring onions are fast growing, taking less than H weeks, and cangrow right through winter# Chard also, can grow right through winter and $eharvested for months, and if the 7u$y or 7ain$ow varieties are grown &as opposed


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to old fashioned and somewhat $oring, white chard, Msilver $eetM', can also lookattractive as well#Chard takes a$out H 1 ; weeks till first harvest and can $e continuously harvestedon a leaf $y leaf $asis#

WINTER continue harvesting spring onion and harvest chard also if ready

YEAR 2

SPRING Continue with chard and take out spring onion to $e replanted with mesclun greensand $asil#

SUMMER 3ow = peppers with $asil remaining as a companion and chives to draw $eneficialinsects, and of course to harvest# (eppers are a lot slower to harvest than tomatoes$ut less suscepti$le to pests &therefore easier maintenance', they take ! 1 H

weeks till harvest#5*sowing/planting instructions in ppendices.

AUTUMN /fter peppers have finished $eing harvested, 3ow chard with companion plantsWINTER :eep on harvesting chard#

YEAR 3

SPRING

continue through with chard, and in ct sow loose leaf lettucesSUMMER (lant ; = pepper ;= cucum$er &or = cucum$ers' with loose leaf lettuces, as

companion plants and nasturtium to draw $eneficial insects# Cucum$ers takea$out ; weeks to growJ#It is $est to source organic seedlings rather than sow from seed, $ut if you find itdifficult to source seedlings then check sowing instructions in /ppendices# (lant out in greenhouse, around Novem$erA4ecem$er sowing seeds on their sideat a depth of ;#E cm# when planting leave the root $all slightly a$ove the soil surfaceto reduce root rot#Choose trailing types, and grow up stake or netting along walls of greenhouse#

8ake sure to prune regularly#&(ears, (# !!E' /fter cucum$er harvest has finished, around mid summer, re1sow with loose leaflettuces or mesclun salad greens to last till autumn#

5)ontrary to popular belief, gherkins are in fact not early cucumbers, but a smaller cultivar ofcucumber, if you wish you could grow them instead of 'normal' cucumbers.Sowing/planting instructions in ppendices.


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AUTUMN /round marchA/pril re1sow with :ale, growing rocket % nasturtium, as companionsof kale# 6ast growing, kale can $e harvested within D weeks, and harvestedcontinuously right through winter and into 3pring#

WINTER Continue harvesting :ale#

YEAR 4

SPRING continue through with :ale and plant mesclun greens with her$sSUMMER Lay another layer or of clear plastic covering over the greenhouse and if your feel

up to it try something different# 9row ;= *ggplant and one = Cantaloupe 8ellon,$oth need a similar growing environment ofE 1 ?!# 9row $oth plants up a sturdy stake, as they can $oth $e trailing plants# /fter

$oth plants have $een harvested sow with :ohl 7a$i until mid autumn, then plant:ale to last through till ne=t cycle#

3ow eggplant under cover in a seed $ed in a nice warm place &inside', mid/ugustA3eptem$er# (rick out into ;!cm pots, keeping at around;C 1 ;HC#


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AREA B: MAI N BEDDING GARDENAREA B: MAIN BEDDING GARDEN

YEAR 1

#o begin with, at the very start of spring. Sow entire plot with fast growing mesclun greens, which

some can be harvested within 0 weeks. -lock sow, spacing each sowing %3cm apart.

ROW 1: Late 3eptem$erAearly cto$er, sow ? early cultivar potato tu$ers, which will $eready for early summer &hopefully in time for Christmas'# Use approved seedingtu$ers, as using already harvested potatoes could spread disease#3ow ? tu$ers in the pattern on the garden plan, ?!cm apart# /fter harvest, replantwith more early1cultivar potato tu$ers for an autumn harvest# 7eplant with moreearly1cultivar potatoes for an autumn harvest#

/fter autumn potato harvest re1sow with $eetroot, which takes D 1 ;? weeks tillharvest#

Block sow ;Ecm apart, as on plan# 5arvest tu$ers as soon as they reach a decentsi@e, store e=cess tu$ers in a $o= of moist sand#/fter $eetroot harvest, replant with :ale, in same fashion as lettuces# :ale takesa$out D weeks seed till harvest and can $e harvested for many months# Upon sowing potatoes also sow Nasturtium $etween rows as a companion plant andintercrop, and to attract more $eneficial insects# The flowers are also edi$le# &3amefor row '#

ROW 2: late 3eptem$erAearly cto$er, repeat everything as of 7ow ; $ut using main croppotatoes for first harvest instead of early cultivars, ad0usting the harvesting and re1sowing time to suit &main crops take 1> weeks longer till harvest'# 7e1sow after firstharvest with early cultivar potatoes once again#

/fter last potato harvest, re1sow with onions, $lock1sown ;!cm apart# /utumn sownseed takes > weeks till harvest, ready for summer#ROW 3: *arly cto$er $lock sow a dou$le row of loose1leaf lettuces, which take > 1 ;!

weeks till harvest and the leaves can $e harvested individually over many weeks#Block sowing close together, a$out only !cm apart, minimises soil moisture loss asthe ground is shaded, so you donOt have to water as much# /lso you can grow morein a smaller area and less weeds can push their way through, meaning easiermaintenance#

/fter the harvest of each lettuce, re1sow until mid march# nce each 8arch sownlettuce has $een harvested, re1sow with mesclun greens until all the lettuces have

gone# /fter the last lettuces have gone, re1sow with kale to last through till spring, insame fashion as lettuce#

YEAR 2

ROW 1: 7epeat -ear ;, minus sowing the whole plot with mesclun greens, as it is now anesta$lished garden with a continuous line of produce# 7eplace autumn :ale sowingat end of season with an autumn sowing of chard#


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ROW 2Continue with onions till harvest in summer# /fter harvest sow mint, grow till spring#

ROW 3: :eep growing :ale through till mid spring when its time to sow early cultivarpotatoes# /fter first harvest re1sow with main1crop potatoes# /fter nd harvest re1

sow with chard to last through till the following spring#

YEAR 3

ROW 1:

Carry on harvesting Chard, remove 0ust $efore cto$er# cto$er, sow early1crop carrots, which take " weeks to grow till harvest# /fter early1crop carrot harvest replant with main crop carrots, taking ! weeks tillharvest, main crop carrots can $e left in the ground over winter and harvested# Blocksow in same fashion as the previous $eetroot crop, ;Ecm apart#

ROW 2:

cto$erANovem$er, pull out mint and $lock1sow mini1sweet corn# 3pace sowings;Ecm apart# 7oughly ;! weeks till harvest, pick when MsilksM start to turn $rown#/fter corn harvest re1sow with :ohl 7a$i, which takes E1 " weeks till harvest, $locksow E cm apart# /fter :ohl 7a$i re1sow with chard#

ROW 3: n one row, keep harvesting chard till late spring# Then place four standard si@ed$uckets, filled with the $ucket soil mi=, and plant straw$erries# Taking ; months tillharvest they will $e ready in time for the ne=t summer, in $etween times the flowerswill attract $eneficial insects#

n the other row, around cto$er, sow (arsnip# 3ow parsnip in the same fashion aschard, ; weeks till harvest, they will $e ready $y early autumn# / very hardy crop,you can leave one tu$er in the soil to overwinter, and the following season a $right,$ig spike inflorescence will $e produced, adding charm and attracting $eneficialinsects# 7eplant with Chard to last through till 3pring#*ibid

YEAR 4

ROW 1: 5arvest carrots till late 3eptem$erAearly cto$er, sow with early cultivar carrots#/fter carrot harvest, re1sow with peas# (eas are nitrogen fi=ing so will prepare the

soil for the ne=t cycle# seed to harvest 1 early cultivars,;; 1 ; weeks1 main crops, ;? 1 ;> weeks# 3ow late 4ec when the soil is warm# 3ow$roadly, ?cm wide, or in rows after pea harvest sow :ale to last through till ne=tcycle#

ROW 2: 5arvest chard till late 3eptem$erAearly cto$er, and then repeat 7ow ;#


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ROW 3: 3eptem$erActo$er, sow early cultivar carrots#5arvest straw$erries in earlyAmid summer#7eplant with mesclun greens, till autumn, replant with kale to last through till ne=tcycle#

YEAR

ROW 1:

Begin new cycle starting with :aleROW 2: Begin new cycle starting with :aleROW 3: Begin new cycle starting with :ale

AREA C: TRELLIS AREAAREA C: TRELLIS AREA

C! 1: Throughout the whole course one single rhu$ar$ plant will grow, as it is a slowgrowing perennial &; 1 ;H months', in the ;st year there will $e almost no harvest,so intercrops of mesclun greens and other her$s will $e planted in the shortfall#5owever once grown there will $e an almost constant supply of rhu$ar$ stalks, withone plant alone producing enough for a whole family# It is recommended in early spring to MforceM the rhu$ar$ plant once esta$lished, witha dark $ucket placed over top for roughly weeks, harvesting directly after# Thiscauses the plant to produce pale pink stems with a sweeter flavour# The process can$e further sped up $y placing compost around the rim of the $ucket# nce forced donot force plant again for another years#

C! 2: 5er$s and mesclun salad greens year round, particularly thyme, mint, parsley#Change varieties each season to taste, always growing a variety every season toconfuse would1$e pests, or give them ha$itat to live in, away from the main crops#

/lso aim for flowering her$s to attract more $eneficial insects#

C! 3:

YEAR 1

SPRING

sow :ale intercropped w rocket&7ocket takes only a$out ? weeks to grow', % nasturtium, $oth as companions ofkale and intercrops# 6ast growing, kale can $e harvested within D weeks and can $econtinuously harvested for months#5arvest $y removing suita$le leaves from outside of plant# :ales range in heightfrom ?!cm 1 "!cm, or more#


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SUMMER 3ow pumpkin inter1cropped with Nasturtium % chives 1 $oth companions and edi$le# train pumpkin up trellis, pumpkin will take ; 1 ! weeks till harvestn a continual $asis till fruit dies out around mid autumn#after removing from vine, leave pumpkin in the sun for a couple of days, or until skinis hardened, and store e=cess pumpkins $uried in a $o= or $ag of dirt in a cool

shady spot, in this way they will last for several months#

AUTUMN

/fter pumpkin harvest replant with rain$ow chard % spring onion, spring onion arefast growing plants &H weeks', whereas chard is slightly slower &H 1 ; weeks'#

WINTER Continue with e=isting chard and plant spring onion if there are gaps, cover ifnecessary#

YEAR 2

SPRING Continue harvesting chard till late 3epAearly ct, then sow lettuce to grow forearlyAmid summer, sow with chives as companion# Lettuce will take > 1 ;> weeksdepending on cultivar and season#

SUMMER /fter lettuce harvest sow Zucchini, inter1cropped with chives and nasturtium,@ucchini will take a$out weeks till harvest, harvest continually until end of crop#

AUTUMN sow ru$y chard w spring onion to last thru till late springWINTER continue harvest of chard and spring onion

YEAR 3

SPRING sow rocket as a companion to chard if availa$le spaceSUMMER 4ecem$er, sow s2uash, inter1cropped with nasturtium and chives as companions,

s2uash will take H1;! weeks till harvest# 3tore e=cess s2uash in same method aspumpkin, making sure when removed from vine to leave in sun for a few days toharden the skins $efore storing away#

AUTUMN /fter s2uash has finished $eing harvested, sow purple kale to last thru till midspring, with spring onion as companion#


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YEAR 4

SPRING sow rocket as companion to e=isting kale if availa$le spacect. remove kale and replant with lettuce, planting chives as a companion

SUMMER

repeat year ? $ut with a different cultivar of s2uash and sowing s2uash in +anuaryinstead of 4ecem$er, to allow full growth of lettuceAUTUMN after s2uash has finished $eing harvested sow rain$ow chard w spring onion as

companion

YEAR

repeat cycle $ut continuing new cycle with rain$ow chard, alternating eachchardAkale planting so to avoid growing in the same seasons or twice in the sameyear

OBSTACLESOBSTACLES

The site $eing on a roof# although not too much of a slope, the site nevertheless, will still not $elevel, so the pelletA$ed construction will have to $e constructed with $locks on the down1side, and itis important that a level is used to keep the construction s2uare, ensuring e2ual distri$ution of soilnutrients#

/s the soil run1off will drain into the spouting it will need to $e cleaned regularly to avoid $uild1up ofsoil de$ris#

/lso as the structure is narrow, with height & ;#D metres', and on a sloping roof, it will have to $e$raced to the dwelling with rope from each corner and the middle, to stop the likelihood of it from$lowing over in the wind# The ropes will however have an added advantage, as a shade sail will $ea$le to $e tied on top creating a shady outdoor spot in the heat of summer#

n the upside of $edding structure concrete $locks will have to $e placed as counterweights, small stacks per pellet#


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GARDEN MAINTENANCE AND RECOMMENDEDGARDEN MAINTENANCE AND RECOMMENDED

PEST CO NTROL OPTIO NSPEST CO NTROL OPTIO NS

MAINTAINING NATURAL BALANCE

The predominant emphasis in organics is one of prevention through maintaining $alance in the

growing environment# Through $asic garden housekeepingAhygiene practices, throughfundamentals such as watering regularly $ut not too much, $y maintaining (5 and nutrient $alancein the soil, through companion planting and growing some flowers to attract $eneficial insects#


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APPROVED ORGANIC PESTICIDES ANDAPPROVED ORGANIC PESTICIDES AND

FUNGICIDES:FUNGICIDES:

7emem$er that pesticides are always to $e used as a last resort, 0ust $ecause they are organicdoesnOt necessarily mean that theyOre safe# 3ome, such as organo phosphates for e#g#, are very

harmful and should $e used with great care, if at all#There are many pre1made pesticides and fungicides on the market, many of these products hav?e$een pre1approved and are more likely to $e effective than the listen $elow# however do make surethat they are actually rganic, not 0ust Natural, and make sure that they are safe, may$e do someresearch if needs $e, to see what the ingredients are, as such ingredients as organo1phosphatesshouldnOt really $e considered organic $ut the are#

SPRAY: SOURCE: USE AGIANST: NOTES:4erris.pesticide

from roots of derris %Longocarpus plants

9reenfly, $lack fly, aphids,caterpillars, $eetles

Can harm lady$ugs %(arasitic wasps# safe for$ees

(yrethrum.(esticide

*=tracted fromflower heads ofChrysanthemum

cineraria folium

greenfly, $lack fly, aphids Can harm $eneficialinsects $ut doesnOtpersist for long

Insecticidal soap.(esticide

fatty acids e=tractedfrom plant material

greenfly, $lack fly, aphidsred spider mitescale insects, slugsgreen house whitefly

makes the pests slip off7ather than harming them#Can damage somesensitive plants

7apeseed oil.pesticide

/gricultural crop greenfly, $lack fly, aphids,thrips, scale insectsred spider mite, twospotted mite, green housewhitefly

keep away from fuchsias$egonias, % seedlings

Bordeau= mi=ture.fungicide

Compound containingcopper and sulphur

potato $light harmful to fish, livestock% worms due to copper$uild1up in soil

3ulphur.

6ungicide

naturally occurring

mineral

powdery mildew, rose

$lack spot

Can harm predatory mites

BacillusThuringiensis..(esticide

produce an insect1to=icprotein

ca$$age caterpillarspotato mothdiamond $ack moth

(rotein causes paralysisof mouthparts % gut in5ost#Causes reactions in somepeople &i#e# painted applemoth aerial spraying'degrades in sunlight, usuallyneeds repeat applications

&(ears, ( !!E'


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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTSBIOLOGICAL CO NTROL AGENTS

8ost $iological control agents are for the use in enclosed areas like glasshouses, generally heated,$ut they can also $e used in a poly tunnel1house as well, some can even $e used in normal gardensoil outdoors# But $efore considering the use of a $iological control agent make sure you do yourresearch first# Is the particular control agent going to upset the $alance of some other naturallyoccurring $eneficial insectsP also timing is vitally important for them to work e>ffectively, most onlywork sufficiently in the $reeding cycle of an insect, $ut not after, when the num$ers are largesometimes only working in the insects second cycle#7emem$er $efore considering introducing a $iological control agent, take steps to improve theha$itat for naturally occurring predatory insects such as Lady$ugs and hoverflies,

/lso $y providing natural ha$itat for the pest insect you can also reduce the pro$lem#&(ears, ( !!E'

PEST AGENT SPECIALREQUIREEMENTS

9lasshouse whitefly *ncarcia formosa 1 parasitic wasp&*n16orce'

optimum temp ;HC 1 E C

7ed spider mite &738'Two spotted spider mite &T38'

(hytoseilus persimilis 1 predatorymite&8ite * mite'

optimum temp ;HC 1E C!F humidity

aphids aphidoletes aphidimy@apredatory midge larvae

optimum temp ;Chumidity H!F

8ealy $ug Cryptolaemus montrou@iery(redatory $eetle

optimum temp ! 1 E,D!F humidity

vine weevil hetororha$ditus megidisparasitic nematode

min soil temp ;>Cmoist soil essential

scale insects metaphycus helvolusparasitic wasp

optimum temp ! 1 ?!good light levels needed

slugs (hasmarha$ditus hermaphrodita

parasitic nematode

min soil temp EC

moist soil essentialthrips /m$lyseus cucumeris

predatory miteoptimum temp EC

gru$s 5etororha$ditusparasitic nematode

min soil temp ;Cmoist soil essentialapply from mid1late summer

ca$$age white $utterfly larvae /pantales glomeratus(arasitic wasp

min soil temp ;Cmoist soil essential


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APPENDICESAPPENDICES

SOWING "PLANTING DIRECTIONS FOR TO MATOES# PEPPERS $ CU CUMBERS:

TOMATOES:

3ow in a covered seed tray, using organic seed raising mi=, in a nice warm sunnyplace &$ut not in direct sun'# 3ow 1 H weeks $efore last frost, around Novem$er#3ow first in the seed tray then prick out into modulesA "cm pots, pots may needpotting up again $efore transplanting#(lant out when first flowers show, grow with 6rench 8arigolds to help reduce therisk of Tomato days, plant out as appropriate#&(ears, p !!E'

PEPPERS:

/s a relative of tomatoes the sowingAplanting re2uirements are much the same,e=cept when it comes to planting them up into "cm pots, do it when the roots havefilled the previous si@e pot# &the ;st or nd si@e depending on the9rowth rate'#&i$id'

CUCUMBERS:

3ow in similar style to tomatoes, $ut at ! instead, until seeds germinate#3eedlings must $e kept at a night temperature of around ; for outdoor cultivars,and ! for greenhouse cultivars, so keep on the propagator until ready to plant out#(lant in modules or $iodegrada$le pots to avoid distur$ing roots#3ow seeds on their side at a depth of ;#Ecm# 3tart outdoor crops aroundNovem$erA4ecem$er, sow in Novem$er for an unheated poly1tunnel crop#5arden off $efore transplanting, when planting leave the root $all slightly a$ove thesurface to avoid the risk of stem rot#&i$id' #ip =se outdoor cultivars even though they are going to be grown in a poly>tunnel,as it is unheated. owever covered with an etra layer of covering and planted outin early summer instead of late spring it should be fine.


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REFERENCESREFERENCES

Crandal, C Crandal, B Q8ova$le 5arvests, the simplicity % $ounty of Container 9ardensM# Rue$ec#Chapters (u$lishing# ;""E

(ears, ( p#p# ?E! M*ncyclopedia of rganic 9ardeningM# London# !!E

(ears, ( p#p# ?>! M*ncyclopedia of rganic 9ardeningM# London# !!E

(ears, ( p#p# ?E> M*ncyclopedia of rganic 9ardeningM# London# !!E

(ears, ( p#p# ?ED M*ncyclopedia of rganic 9ardeningM# London# !!E

(ears, ( p#p# "> M*ncyclopedia of rganic 9ardeningM# London# !!E

(ears, ( p#p# "! M*ncyclopedia of rganic 9ardeningM# London# !!E

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThanks goes out to my good friend 3am 5ay, for installing the operating system on my i8ac, thusmaking this eBook possi$le#


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STATEMENT OF ORIGI NAL AUTHORSHIPSTATEMENT OF ORIGI NAL AUTHORSHIP**copied & posted from the original assignment that this has been edited from

;?/ 3alis$ury 3tCentral CityChristchurch

;>th


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ROOFTOP ORGANIC VEGETABLE GARDEN, FOUR YEAR CROP ROTATION