Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC [G.R. No. 119976; September 18, 1995]

7/23/2019 Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC [G.R. No. 119976; September 18, 1995]

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EN BANC

[G.R. No. 119976. September 18, 1995.]

IMELDA ROMUALDEZ-MARCOS,petitioner,vs. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS and CIRILO ROY

MONTEJO,respondents.

Estelito P.Mendoza for petitioner.

The Solicitor General for publi re!pon"ent.

Paquito N .Ochoa,Jr. #n" Gracelda N .Andres for pri$#te re!pon"ent.

SYLLABUS

1. C%&%' 'A() *+%C%'E) C+NS-RE*. / Artile 50 of te Ci$il Co"e "eree! t#t 2[f]or te e3eri!e of i$il ri4t! #n"

te fulfillment of i$il obli4#tion!, te "omiile of n#tur#l per!on! i! teir pl#e of #bitu#l re!i"ene.2 %n Ong

vs.Republicti! ourt too te onept of "omiile to me#n #n in"i$i"u#l! 2perm#nent ome,2 2# pl#e to i,

ene$er #b!ent for bu!ine!! or for ple#!ure, one inten"! to return, #n" "epen"! on f#t! #n" irum!t#ne! in te

!en!e t#t te "i!lo!e intent.2 B#!e" on te fore4oin4, "omiile inlu"e! te tin element! of 2te f#t of re!i"in4 or

p!i#l pre!ene in # fi3e" pl#e2 #n" anius anendi, or te intention of returnin4 tere perm#nentl.

. %*.) %*.) RES%*ENCE, C+NS-RE*. / Re!i"ene, in it! or"in#r oneption, implie! te f#tu#l rel#tion!ip of #n

in"i$i"u#l to # ert#in pl#e. %t i! te p!i#l pre!ene of # per!on in # 4i$en #re#, ommunit or ountr.

:. %*.) %*.) *%;;EREN-%A-E* ;R+ RES%*ENCE. / -e e!!enti#l "i!tintion beteen re!i"ene #n" "omiile in l# i!

t#t re!i"ene in$ol$e! te intent to le#$e en te purpo!e for i te re!i"ent #! t#en up i! #bo"e en"!. +ne

m# !ee # pl#e for purpo!e! !u #! ple#!ure, bu!ine!!, or e#lt. %f # per!on! intent be to rem#in, it beome! i!

"omiile) if i! intent i! to le#$e #! !oon #! i! purpo!e i! e!t#bli!e" it i! re!i"ene. %t i! tu!, . ?+'%-%CA' 'A() E'EC-%+NS) RES%*ENCE SE* S@N+N@+S'@ (%-= *+%C%'E. / ;or politi#l purpo!e! te

onept! of re!i"ene #n" "omiile #re "it#te" b te peuli#r riteri# of politi#l l#!. A! te!e onept! #$e e$ol$e"

in our eletion l#, #t #! le#rl #n" une


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5. %*.) %*.) %*.) ABSENCE ;R+ ?ERANEN- RES%*ENCE (%-=+- %N-EN-%+N -+ ABAN*+N %- *+ES N+-

RES'- %N '+SS +R C=ANGE +; *+%C%'E. / So !ettle" i! te onept of "omiile in our eletion l# t#t in te!e

#n" oter eletion l# #!e!, ti! Court #! !t#te" t#t te mere #b!ene of #n in"i$i"u#l from i! perm#nent re!i"ene

itout te intention to #b#n"on it "oe! not re!ult in # lo!! or #n4e of "omiile. -e "eliber#tion! of te

1987 Con!titution on te re!i"ene


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be#r! repe#tin4, implie! # f#tu#l rel#tion!ip to # 4i$en pl#e for $#riou! purpo!e!. -e #b!ene from le4#l re!i"ene or

"omiile to pur!ue # profe!!ion, to !tu" or to "o oter tin4! of # tempor#r or !emiFperm#nent n#ture "oe! not

on!titute lo!! of re!i"ene. -u!, te #!!ertion b te C+E'EC t#t 2!e oul" not #$e been # re!i"ent of -#lob#n

Cit !ine il"oo" up to te time !e file" er ertifi#te of #n"i"# be#u!e !e be#me # re!i"ent of m#n pl#e!2

flie! in te f#e of !ettle" Duri!pru"ene in i ti! Court #refull m#"e "i!tintion! beteen #tu#l re!i"ene #n"

"omiile for eletion l# purpo!e!.

9. C%&%' 'A() *+%C%'E) A %N+R ;+''+(S -=E *+%C%'E +; =%S ?AREN-S) CASE A- BENC=. / A minor

follo! te "omiile of i! p#rent!. A! "omiile, one #. ;or tere i! # le#rl e!t#bli!e" "i!tintion beteen te Ci$il Co"eonept! of 2"omiile2

#n" 2re!i"ene.2 -e pre!umption t#t te ife #utom#ti#ll 4#in! te u!b#n"! "omiile b oper#tion of l# upon

m#rri#4e #nnot be inferre" from te u!e of te term 2re!i"ene2 in Artile 110 of te Ci$il Co"e be#u!e te Ci$il Co"e i!

one #re# ere te to onept! #re ell "eline#te". A !ur$e of Duri!pru"ene rel#tin4 to Artile 110 or to te onept! of

"omiile or re!i"ene #! te #ffet te fem#le !pou!e upon m#rri#4e iel"! notin4 i oul" !u44e!t t#t te fem#le

!pou!e #utom#ti#ll lo!e! er "omiile of ori4in in f#$or of te u!b#n"! oie of re!i"ene upon m#rri#4e. Artile 110

i! # $irtu#l re!t#tement of Artile 58 of te Sp#ni! Ci$il Co"e of 1889 "a u#er esta obligada a seguir a su arido donde

quiera que !i#e su residencia."os Tribunales,sin ebargo,podran con #usta causa e$iirla de esta obligacion cuando el

aridotransende su residencia a ultraar o a pais e$tran#ero. Note te u!e of te pr#!e 2donde quiera su !i#e de

residencia2 in te #fore


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#rtile le#rl ontempl#te! onl #tu#l re!i"ene be#u!e it refer! to # po!iti$e #t of fi3in4 # f#mil ome or re!i"ene.

oreo$er, ti! interpret#tion i! furter !tren4tene" b te pr#!e 2cuando el arido translade su residencia2 in te !#me

pro$i!ion i me#n!, 2en te u!b#n" shall trans!eri! re!i"ene,2 referrin4 to #noter po!iti$e #t of relo#tin4 te

f#mil to #noter ome or pl#e of #tu#l re!i"ene. -e #rtile ob$iou!l #nnot be un"er!too" to refer to "omiile i

i! # fi3e", f#irlFperm#nent onept en it pl#inl onnote! te po!!ibilit of tr#n!ferrin4 from one pl#e to #noter not

onl one, but #! often #! te u!b#n" m# "eem fit to mo$e i! f#mil, # irum!t#ne more on!i!tent it te onept

of #tu#l re!i"ene. &er !i4nifi#ntl, Artile 110 of te Ci$il Co"e i! foun" un"er -itle & un"er te e#"in4 R%G=-S AN*

+B'%GA-%+NS BE-(EEN =SBAN* AN* (%;E. %mme"i#tel pree"in4 Artile 110 i! Artile 109 i obli4e! te

u!b#n" #n" ife to li$e to4eter. -e "ut to li$e to4eter #n onl be fulfille" if te u!b#n" #n" ife #re p!i#ll

to4eter. -i! t#e! into #ount te !itu#tion! ere te ouple #! m#n re!i"ene! #! in te #!e of petitioner. %f te

u!b#n" #! to !t# in or tr#n!fer to #n one of teir re!i"ene!, te ife !oul" nee!!#ril be it im in or"er t#t te

m# 2li$e to4eter.2 =ene, it i! illo4i#l to onlu"e t#t Art. 110 refer! to 2"omiile2 #n" not to 2re!i"ene.2 +teri!e, e

!#ll be f#e" it # !itu#tion ere te ife i! left in te "omiile ile te u!b#n", for profe!!ion#l or oter re#!on!,

!t#! in one of teir $#riou! re!i"ene!.

1:. %*.) %*.) -ER RES%*ENCE RE;ERS -+ 2AC-A' RES%*ENCE.2 / -e term re!i"ene m# me#n one tin4 in i$i

l# or un"er te Ci$il Co"e #n" . S-A--+R@ C+NS-RC-%+N) S-A--E RE%R%NG REN*%-%+N +; *GEN- (%-=%N S?EC%;%E* -%E,

ERE'@ *%REC-+R@. / %t i! # !ettle" "otrine t#t # !t#tute re


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=RE-! Duri!"ition #! te !ole Du"4e of #ll onte!t! rel#tin4 to te eletion!, return! #n"


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lo!e! er on "omiile #n" b oper#tion of l#, #


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#! been repe#le". Con!i"erin4 #ll te!e, ommon l# !oul" not put te bur"en on petitioner to pro$e !e #!

#b#n"one" er "e#" u!b#n"! "omiile. -ere i! neiter rme nor re#!on for ti! 4en"erFb#!e" bur"en. 'libri!

6. %*.) %*.) %*.) %*.) *E'%BERA-E C=+%CE B@ (%;E AN%;ES- %N CASE A- BAR. / 'ut even assuing arguendo that

there is need !or convincing proo! that petitioner chose to reacquire her Tacloban doicile,still,the records reveal aple

evidence to this e!!ect. %n er #ffi"#$it !ubmitte" to te re!pon"ent C+E'EC, petitioner #$erre" #mon4 oter! t#t 2%

#! not permitte", oe$er, to li$e #n" !t# in te Sto. NiIo Srine re!i"ene in -#lob#n Cit ere % #nte" to !t# #n"

re!i"e, #fter rep#ir! #n" reno$#tion! ere omplete". %n Au4u!t 199>, % tr#n!ferre" from S#n o!e, -#lob#n Cit, to m

re!i"ene in B#r#n4# +lot, -olo!#, 'ete, en ?CGG permitte" me to !t# #n" li$e tere.2 0t is then clear that in -..+

petitioner reestablished her doicile in the 1irst 2istrict o! "e&te. %t i! not "i!pute" t#t in 199, !e fir!t li$e" #t te ou!e

of er broter in S#n o!e, -#lob#n Cit #n" l#ter, in Au4u!t 199>, !e tr#n!ferre" er re!i"ene in B#r#n4# +lot,

-olo!#, 'ete. Bot -#lob#n Cit #n" te muniip#lit of +lot #re itin te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete. Sine petitioner

ree!t#bli!e" er ol" "omiile in 199 in te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete, !e more t#n omplie" it te on!titution#l

re


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p#!! te Sen#te. =#$in4 f#ile" on !u mo$e!, petitioner no file" te in!t#nt petition, for te !#me obDeti$e, #! it i!

ob$iou! t#t e i! #fr#i" to !ubmit im!elf #lon4 it re!pon"ent petitioner erein for te Du"4ment #n" $er"it of te

eletor#te of te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete in #n one!t, or"erl, pe#eful, free #n" le#n eletion! on # 8, 1995.All these

attepts to isuse our la%s and legal processes are !ors o! ran( harassents and invidious discriinations against

petitioner to den& her equal access to a public o!!ice. (e #nnot ommit #n ermeneuti $iolene to te Con!titution b

torturin4 te me#nin4 of e71 $ote!, ile pri$#te re!pon"ent 4ot onl -irtFSi3 -ou!#n" Ei4t =un"re" -irtF-ree :6,8::

$ote!. ?etitioner i! le#rl te o$erelmin4 oie of te eletor#te of te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete #n" ti! i! not # !lei4t of

!t#ti!ti!. (e #nnot fru!tr#te ti! !o$erei4n ill on i4l #r4u#ble teni#l on!i"er#tion!. %n #!e of "oubt, e !oul"

le#n to#r"! # rule t#t ill 4i$e life to te people! politi#l Du"4ment.

;RANC%SC+,J .,concurring opinion

1. C%&%' 'A() *+%C%'E) *E;%NE*. / *omiile #! been "efine" #! t#t pl#e in i # per!on! #bit#tion i! fi3e",

itout #n pre!ent intention of remo$in4 terefrom, #n" t#t pl#e i! properl te "omiile of # per!on in i e #!

$olunt#ril fi3e" i! #bo"e, or #bit#tion, not for # mere !pei#l or tempor#r purpo!e, but it # pre!ent intention of

m#in4 it i! perm#nent ome 8 C..S. 1. %t "enote! # fi3e" perm#nent re!i"ene to i en #b!ent for bu!ine!!,

or ple#!ure, or for lie re#!on! one inten"! to return, #n" "epen"! on f#t! #n" irum!t#ne!, in te !en!e t#t te

"i!lo!e intent. Ong 4uan Tin v.Republic, 19 SCRA 966, 969

. %*.) %*.) C'ASS%;%CA-%+NS. / *omiile i! l#!!ifie" into "omiile of ori4in #n" "omiile of oie. -e l# #ttribute!

to e$er in"i$i"u#l # "omiile of ori4in, i i! te "omiile of i! p#rent!, or of te e#" of i! f#mil, or of te per!on on

om e i! le4#ll "epen"ent #t te time of i! birt. (ile te "omiile of ori4in i! 4ener#ll te pl#e ere one i! born

or re#re", it m#be el!eere 8 C..S. 5. *omiile of oie, on te oter #n", i! te pl#e i te per!on #!

elete" #n" o!en for im!elf to "i!pl#e i! pre$iou! "omiile) it #! for it! true b#!i! or foun"#tion te intention of te


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per!on 8 C..S. 6. A tir" l#!!ifi#tion i! "omiile b oper#tion of l# i #ttribute! to # per!on # "omiile

in"epen"ent of i! on intention or #tu#l re!i"ene, or"in#ril re!ultin4 from le4#l "ome!ti rel#tion!, #! t#t of te ife

#ri!in4 from m#rri#4e, or te rel#tion of # p#rent #n" # il" 8 C..S. 7.

:. %*.) %*.) C=ANGE +; *+%C%'E) RE%S%-ES. / %n or"er to ol" t#t # per!on #! #b#n"one" i! "omiile #n"

#, :00. Re!pon"ent Commi!!ion offere" no o4ent re#!on to "ep#rt from ti! rule e3ept to !urmi!e petitioner! intent

of #b#n"onin4 er "omiile of ori4in.

6. %*.) %*.) %*.) AR%-A' *+%C%'E) '+S- ?+N *EA-= +; =SBAN*) (%;E RE&ER-E* -+ =ER +R%G%NA'

*+%C%'E) CASE A- BAR. / -#lob#n, 'ete, i! petitioner! "omiile of ori4in i #! in$olunt#ril !uppl#nte" it

#noter, i.e., B#t#, %loo! Norte, upon er m#rri#4e in 195> it ten Con4re!!m#n #ro!. B le4#l fition !e folloe"

te "omiile of er u!b#n". %n m $ie, te re#!on for te l# i! for te !pou!e! to full #n" effeti$el perform teir

m#rit#l "utie! #n" obli4#tion! to one #noter. -e


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8. %*.) %*.) %*.) +NEF@EAR RES%*ENCE RE%REEN-) RE%REEN- E- %N CASE A- BENC=. / -e reor"!,

on te ontr#r, le#rl !o t#t petitioner #! omplie" it te on!titution#l oneFe#r re!i"ene re en

!e #! #lloe" b te ?CGG to mo$e #n" re!i"e in er !e. Se l#ter tr#n!ferre" to +lot, -olo!#, 'ete. %t #ppe#rin4

t#t bot -#lob#n Cit #n" -olo!#, 'ete #re itin te ;ir!t Con4re!!ion#l *i!trit of 'ete, it in"ubit#bl !t#n"! t#t !e

#" more t#n # e#r of re!i"ene in te on!tituen !e !ou4t to be elete". ?etitioner, terefore, #! !#ti!f#toril

omplie" it te oneFe#r


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+B-A%NE* -=E =%G=ES- NBER +; &+-ES %S *EC'ARE* *%SA'%;%E* +R N+- E'%G%B'E ;+R +;;%CE. /

-e f#t t#t te #n"i"#te o obt#ine" te i4e!t number of $ote! i! l#ter "el#re" to be "i!6, An At

%ntro"uin4 A""ition#l Reform! in te Eletor#l S!tem #n" for oter purpo!e! 8> +.G. 905, ;ebru#r 1988 it i!

pro$i"e" t#t . . . /An& candidate %ho has been declared b& !inal #udgent to be disquali!ied shall not be voted !or,and

the votes cast !or hi shall not be counted. -e l# i! le#r t#t in #ll !itu#tion!, te $ote! #!t for # "i!


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. %*.) %*.) J%N*S. / *omiile i! !#i" to be of tree in"!, t#t i!, "omiile b birt, "omiile b oie, #n" "omiile b

oper#tion of l#. -e fir!t i! te ommon #!e of te pl#e of birt or doiciliu originis) te !eon" i! t#t i i!

$olunt#ril #


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er "omiile of ori4in i !e lo!t in 195>. +teri!e, ti! oul" be t#nt#mount to !#in4 t#t "urin4 te perio" of

m#rit#l o$erture, !e #! !imult#neou!l in po!!e!!ion #n" enDoment of # "omiile of ori4in i #! onl in # !t#te of

!u!pen"e" #nim#tion. 'e3'ibri!

8. %*.) %*.) *+%C%'E B@ +?ERA-%+N +; 'A() A;-ER -=E =SBAN*S *EA-=, -=E (%;E =AS -=E R%G=- -+

E'EC- =ER +(N *+%C%'E. / -e Ameri#n rule i! liei!e to te effet t#t ile #fter te u!b#n"! "e#t te ife

#! te ri4t to elet er on "omiile, !e ne$ertele!! ret#in! te l#!t "omiile of er "ee#!e" u!b#n" until !e

m#e! #n #tu#l #n4e. %n te #b!ene of #ffirm#ti$e e$i"ene, to te ontr#r, te pre!umption i! t#t # ife! "omiile

or le4#l re!i"ene follo! t#t of er u!b#n" #n" ill ontinue #fter i! "e#t.

9. %*.) ;A%'@ C+*E) R%G=- AN* ?+(ER -+ ;%K ;A%'@ =+E CAN N+- A;;EC- *+%C%'E ;%KE* B@ 'A(. / %

#nnot #pprei#te te premi!e! #"$#ne" in !upport of te m#Dorit! teor b#!e" on Artile! 68 #n" 69 of te ;#mil

Co"e. All t#t i! of #n rele$#ne terein i! t#t un"er ti! ne o"e, te ri4t #n" poer to fi3 te f#mil "omiile i! no

!#re" b te !pou!e!. % #nnot perei$e o t#t Doint ri4t, i in te fir!t pl#e #! ne$er e3eri!e" b te !pou!e!,

oul" #ffet te "omiile fi3e" b te l# for petitioner in 195> #n", for er u!b#n", lon4 prior tereto. %t i! true t#t # ife

no #! te oor"in#te poer to "etermine te con#ugalor!ail&"omiile, but t#t #! no be#rin4 on ti! #!e. (it te

"e#t of er u!b#n", #n" e# of er il"ren #$in4 4otten m#rrie" #n" e!t#bli!e" teir on re!peti$e "omiile!, te

e3eri!e of t#t Doint poer #! #n" i! no lon4er #lle" for or m#teri#l in te pre!ent f#tu#l !ettin4 of ti! ontro$er!.

%n!te#", #t i! of onern in petitioner! #!e #! te m#tter of er #$in4 #


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. %*.) %*.) %*.) %*.) (R%- +; CER-%+RAR%) A@ BE GRAN-E* +N'@ %N ABSENCE +R EKCESS +; R%S*%C-%+N

+R (%-= GRA&E ABSE +; *%SCRE-%+N. / A rit ofcertiorarim# be 4r#nte" onl if te C+E'EC #! #te"

itout or in e3e!! of Duri!"ition or it 4r#$e #bu!e of "i!retion Setion 1, Rule 65, Rule! of Court.

:. %*.) %*.) %*.) %*.) %*.) %*.) CASE A- BENC=, N+- A CASE ;+R %SSANCE +; (R%-. / Sine te C+E'EC #!,

un"oubte"l, Duri!"ition o$er te pri$#te re!pon"ent! petition, te onl i!!ue left i! eter it #te" it 4r#$e #bu!e of

"i!retion in "i! April 1995 of

te C+E'EC Seon" *i$i!ion #n" te En 'ancre!olution of 7 # 1995 "i!lo!e! tot#l #b!ene of #bu!e of "i!retion,

mu le!! 4r#$e #bu!e tereof. -e re!olution of te Seon" *i$i!ion "i!p#!!ion#tel #n" obDeti$el "i!u!!e" in minute

"et#il! te f#t! i e!t#bli!e" beon" #$il t#t erein petitioner #! "i!8, :7.

6. C%&%' 'A() ;A%'@ C+*E) ;A%'@ *+%C%'E) ;%K%NG -=ERE+;, A +%N- *EC%S%+N +; S?+SES. / %t mu!t,

oe$er, be pointe" out t#t un"er Artile 69 of te;#mil Co"e, te fi3in4 of te f#mil "omiile i! no lon4er te !ole

prero4#ti$e of te u!b#n", but i! no # Doint "ei!ion of te !pou!e!, #n" in #!e of "i!#4reement te ourt !#ll "ei"e.

-e !#i" #rtile u!e! te term 2f#mil "omiile,2 #n" not f#mil re!i"ene, #! 2te !pou!e! m# #$e multiple re!i"ene!,

#n" te ife m# elet to rem#in in one of !u re!i"ene!, i m# "e!tro te "ut of te !pou!e! to li$e to4eter

#n" it! orre!pon"in4 benefit!2 A'%C%A &. SE?%+F*%@, =#n"boo on te ;#mil Co"e of te ?ilippine!, [1988], 10.


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7. %*.) *+%C%'E, *+%C%'E B@ +?ERA-%+N +; 'A() *EA-= +; =SBAN* RE&%&ES ?+(ER +; (%;E -+

AC%RE =ER +(N *+%C%'E) N+ A-+A-%C RES-+RA-%+N +; (+ANS *+%C%'E +; +R%G%N. / -e

teor of #utom#ti re!tor#tion of # om#n! "omiile of ori4in upon te "e#t of er u!b#n", i te m#Dorit opinion

#"opt! to o$erome te le4#l effet of te petitioner! m#rri#4e on er "omiile, i! un!upporte" b l# #n" b

Duri!pru"ene. -e !ettle" "otrine i! t#t #fter te u!b#n"! "e#t te ife #! # ri4t to elet er on "omiile, but !e

ret#in! te l#!t "omiile of er u!b#n" until !e m#e! #n #tu#l #n4e 8 C..S. *omiile 1, 7. +r, on te "e#t of

te u!b#n", te poer of te ife to #5. Note t#t #t i! re$i$e" i! not er

"omiile of ori4in but her po%er to acquire her o%n doicile.

8. %*.) %*.) '+SS +; *+%C%'E) ARR%AGE, N+- A GR+N*. / % fin" to be mi!pl#e" te reli#ne b te m#Dorit

opinion on 1a&pon vs.7uirino96 ?il. 9> [195>], #n" te !ub!e onlu!i$el e!t#bli! t#t !e #" in"ee" #b#n"one" er

"omiile of ori4in #n" #" #


16/77

11. %*.) %*.) BR*EN +; ?R++;) +NE (=+ ASSER-S A ;AC- =AS -=E BR*EN +; ?R+&%NG %-. / -e m#Dorit

opinion #l!o "i!re4#r"! # b#!i rule in e$i"ene t#t e o #!!ert! # f#t or te #ffirm#ti$e of #n i!!ue #! te bur"en of

pro$in4 it 0perial 3ictor& Shipping Agenc& vs.N"R*6 00 SCRA 178 [1991]) P.T . *erna *orp.vs.*ourt o! Appeals6 1

SCRA 19 [199:]. =#$in4 #"mitte" m#rri#4e to te ten Con4re!!m#n #ro!, te petitioner oul" not "en te le4#l

on!e


17/77

. %*.) C+E'EC) (%-= R%S*%C-%+N +&ER ?REF?R+C'AA-%+N C+N-R+&ERS%ES. / -e Commi!!ion on

Eletion te 2C+E'EC2 i! on!titution#ll boun" to enfore #n" #"mini!ter 2#ll l#! #n" re4ul#tion! rel#ti$e to te

on"ut of eletion . . .2 Art. %K, C, Se. , Con!titution t#t, tere bein4 notin4 !#i" to te ontr#r, !oul" inlu"e it!

#utorit to p#!! upon te 08, >09]

6. %*.) %*.) %*.) E'EEN-S ;+R C=ANGE +; *+%C%'E. / Re!i"ene tu! #


18/77

8. %*.) %*.) ?R+C'AA-%+N +; CAN*%*A-E, N+- A %N%S-ER%A' ;NC-%+N. / -e 0 [1985], #! re!tore", #lon4 it te interim #!e of Geronio vs.Raos 1:6

SCRA >:5 [1985], b te "abo 176 SCRA 1 1989],Abella 01 SCRA 5: [1991], "abo 11 SCRA 97 [199] #n",

mo!t reentl, 'enito :5 SCRA >:6 [199>] rulin4!. 'enito vs.*oelec #! # un#nimou! "ei!ion penne" b u!tie

J#pun#n #n" onurre" in b Cief u!tie N#r$#!#, u!tie! ;elii#no, ?#"ill#, Bi"in, Re4#l#"o, *#$i"e, Romero, elo,

ui#!on, ?uno, &itu4 #n" en"oH# u!tie! CruH #n" Bello!illo ere on offii#l le#$e.

EN*+A,J.,separate opinion

1. C+NS-%--%+NA' 'A() C+E'EC) (%-=+- ?+(ER -+ *%SA'%;@ CAN*%*A-E ;+R 'ACJ +; E'%G%B%'%-@.

/ %n m $ie te i!!ue in ti! #!e i! eter te Commi!!ion on Eletion! #! te poer to "i!


19/77

. ?+'%-%CA' 'A() E'EC-%+N 'A(S) ABSENCE +; ?R+&%S%+N ;+R ?REF?R+C'AA-%+N C+N-ES- BASE* +N

%NE'%G%B%'%-@. / -e $#riou! eletion l#! ill be !e#re" in $#in for #utoriHe" proee"in4! for "eterminin4 #

#n"i"#te!


20/77

6. ?+'%-%CA' 'A() E'EC-%+NS) ABSENCE +; ?R+&%S%+N ;+R ?REF?R+C'AA-%+N C+N-ES-S BASE* +N

%NE'%G%B%'%-@) CANN+- BE S??'%E* B@ A ERE R'E +; -=E C+E'EC. / -e l# of pro$i!ion for "el#rin4

te ineli4ibilit of #n"i"#te!, oe$er, #nnot be !upplie" b # mere rule. Su #n #t i! e


21/77

10. REE*%A' 'A() S?EC%A' C%&%' AC-%+NS) CER-%+RAR%) C+E'EC (%-=+- R%S*%C-%+N -+ ASSE

*%SA'%;%CA-%+N +; CAN*%*A-E BASE* +N %NE'%G%B%'%-@. / ;or te!e re#!on!, % #m of te opinion t#t te

C+E'EC #" no Duri!"ition o$er S?A No. 95F009) t#t it! proee"in4! in t#t #!e, inlu"in4 it! 977 6#n" in er Certifi#te of C#n"i"#. =e pr#e" t#t 2#n or"er be i!!ue" "el#rin4 petitioner "i!


22/77

+n #r 9, 1995, petitioner file" #n Amen"e"LCorrete" Certifi#te of C#n"i"#, #n4in4 te entr 2!e$en2 mont! to

2!ine il"oo"2 in item no. 8 of te #men"e" ertifi#te. 8+n te !#me "#, te ?ro$ini#l Eletion Super$i!or of 'ete

informe" petitioner t#t

[-]i! offie #nnot reei$e or #ept te #forementione" Certifi#te of C#n"i"# on te 4roun" t#t it

i! file" out of time, te "e#"line for te filin4 of te !#me #$in4 #lre#" l#p!e" on #r 0, 1995. -e

Correte"LAmen"e" Certifi#te of C#n"i"# !oul" #$e been file" on or before te #r 0, 1995

"e#"line. 9

Con!e


23/77

2Re!pon"ent r#i!e" te #ffirm#ti$e "efen!e in er An!er t#t te printe" or" 2Se$en2 mont! #! #

re!ult of #n 2one!t mi!interpret#tion or one!t mi!t#e2 on er p#rt #n", terefore, #n #men"ment

!oul" !ub!e


24/77

!uppre!!, #ur#te m#teri#l repre!ent#tion in te ori4in#l ertifi#te i #"$er!el #ffet! te filer. -o

#"mit te #men"e" ertifi#te i! to on"one te e$il! brou4t b te !iftin4 min"! of m#nipul#tin4

#n"i"#te, to te "etriment of te inte4rit of te eletion.

oreo$er, to #llo re!pon"ent to #n4e te !e$en 7 mont perio" of er re!i"en in or"er to

prolon4 it b l#imin4 it #! !ine il"oo" i! to #llo #n untrutfulne!! to be ommitte" before ti!

Commi!!ion. -e #ritmeti#l #ur# of te 7 mont! re!i"en te re!pon"ent in"i#te" in er

ertifi#te of #n"i"# #n be 4le#ne" from er entr in er &oter! Re4i!tr#tion Reor" #ompli!e"

on #nu#r 8, 1995 i reflet! t#t !e i! # re!i"ent of Br4. +lot, -olo!#, 'ete for 6 mont! #t te

time of te !#i" re4i!tr#tion Anne3 A, ?etition. S#i" #ur# i! furter buttre!!e" b er letter to te

eletion offier of S#n u#n, etro #nil#, "#te" Au4u!t >, 199>, re


25/77

li$e" in #nil#. %n 1959, #fter er u!b#n" #! elete" Sen#tor, !e li$e" #n" re!i"e" in S#n u#n,

etro #nil# ere !e #! # re4i!tere" $oter. %n 1965, !e li$e" in S#n i4uel, #nil# ere !e #!

#4#in # re4i!tere" $oter. %n 1978, !e !er$e" #! member of te B#t#!#n4 ?#mb#n!# #! te

repre!ent#ti$e of te Cit of #nil# #n" l#ter on !er$e" #! te Go$ernor of etro #nil#. Se oul" not

#$e !er$e" te!e po!ition! if !e #" not been # re!i"ent of te Cit of #nil#. ;urtermore, en !e

file" er ertifi#te of #n"i"# for te offie of te ?re!i"ent in 199, !e l#ime" to be # re!i"ent of

S#n u#n, etro #nil#. A! # m#tter of f#t on Au4u!t >, 199>, re!pon"ent rote # letter it te

eletion offier of S#n u#n, etro #nil# re08 te Court e3pl#ine" o one #


26/77

# $oter #t preint No. 18FA of +lot, -olo!#, 'ete. %n "oin4 !o, !e pl#e" in er &oter Re4i!tr#tion

Reor" t#t !e re!i"e" in te muniip#lit of -olo!# for # perio" of !i3 mont!. -i! m# be

inon!e, 1995. ?etitioner #lle4e" t#t te #n$#!! !oe" t#t

!e obt#ine" # tot#l of 70,>71 $ote! omp#re" to te :6,8:: $ote! reei$e" b Re!pon"ent onteDo. A op of !#i"

Certifi#te of C#n$#!! #! #nne3e" to te Supplement#l ?etition. ''"

+n #ount of te Re!olution! "i!


27/77

(eter or not te C+E'EC properl e3eri!e" it! Duri!"ition in "i!


28/77

numerou! pl#e! of re!i"ene. =i! pl#e of re!i"ene i! 4ener#ll i! pl#e of "omiile, but it i! not b

#n me#n! nee!!#ril !o !ine no len4t of re!i"ene itout intention of rem#inin4 ill on!titute

"omiile.2

;or politi#l purpo!e! te onept! of re!i"ene #n" "omiile #re "it#te" b te peuli#r riteri# of politi#l

l#!. A! te!e onept! #$e e$ol$e" in our eletion l#, #t #! le#rl #n" une te Court el" t#t 2te term re!i"ene . . . i! !nonmou! it "omiile i import!

not onl intention to re!i"e in # fi3e" pl#e, but #l!o per!on#l pre!ene in t#t pl#e, ouple" it on"ut in"i#ti$e

of !u intention.2 5"arena vs.Teves6 reiter#te" te !#me "otrine in # #!e in$ol$in4 te


29/77

r. *e lo! Ree! But e mi4t enounter !ome "iffiult e!pei#ll on!i"erin4 t#t # pro$i!ion in

te Con!titution in te Artile on Suffr#4e !#! t#t ;ilipino! li$in4 #bro#" m# $ote #! en#te" b l#.

So, e #$e to !ti to te ori4in#l onept t#t it !oul" be b "omiile #n" not p!i#l re!i"ene. :0

%n *o vs.Electoral Tribunal o! the 4ouse o! Representatives6 :1 ti! Court onlu"e" t#t te fr#mer! of te

1987 Con!titution ob$iou!l #"ere" to te "efinition 4i$en to te term re!i"ene in eletion l#, re4#r"in4 it #! #$in4

te !#me me#nin4 #! "omiile. :

%n te li4t of te priniple! Du!t "i!u!!e", #! petitioner %mel"# Romu#l"eH #ro! !#ti!fie" te re!i"en

re


30/77

=#$in4 been fore" b pri$#te re!pon"ent to re4i!ter in er pl#e of #tu#l re!i"ene in 'ete in!te#" of

petitioner! l#ime" "omiile, it #ppe#r! t#t petitioner #" Dotte" "on er perio" of !t# in er #tu#l re!i"ene in #

!p#e i re e e3pl#ine" t#t


31/77

A itiHen m# le#$e te pl#e of i! birt to loo for 24reener p#!ture!,2 #! te !#in4 4oe!, to impro$e

i! lot, #n" t#t, of our!e inlu"e! !tu" in oter pl#e!, pr#tie of i! #$o#tion, or en4#4in4 in

bu!ine!!. (en #n eletion i! to be el", te itiHen o left i! birtpl#e to impro$e i! lot m# "e!ire

to return to i! n#ti$e ton to #!t i! b#llot but for profe!!ion#l or bu!ine!! re#!on!, or for #n oter

re#!on, e m# not #b!ent im!elf from i! profe!!ion#l or bu!ine!! #ti$itie!) !o tere e re4i!ter!

im!elf #! $oter #! e #! te 9

en !e 4r#"u#te" from i4 !ool. Se pur!ue" er olle4e !tu"ie! in St. ?#ul! Colle4e, no

*i$ine (or" ni$er!it in -#lob#n, ere !e e#rne" er "e4ree in E"u#tion. -ere#fter, !e t#u4t

in te 'ete Cine!e Sool, !till in -#lob#n Cit. %n 195 !e ent to #nil# to or it er ou!in,

te l#te !pe#er *#niel . Romu#l"eH in i! offie in te =ou!e of Repre!ent#ti$e!. %n 195>, !e

m#rrie" e3F?re!i"ent ;er"in#n" E. #ro! en e #! !till # on4re!!m#n of %loo! Norte #n"

re4i!tere" tere #! # $oter. (en er u!b#n" #! elete" Sen#tor of te Republi in 1959, !e #n"

er u!b#n" li$e" to4eter in S#n u#n, RiH#l ere !e re4i!tere" #! # $oter. %n 1965, en er

u!b#n" #! elete" ?re!i"ent of te Republi of te ?ilippine!, !e li$e" it im in #l##I#n4

?#l#e #n" re4i!tere" #! # $oter in S#n i4uel, #nil#.

[%]n ;ebru#r 1986 !e l#ime" t#t !e #n" er f#mil ere #b"ute" #n" i"n#ppe" to =onolulu,

=##ii. %n No$ember 1991, !e #me ome to #nil#. %n 199, re!pon"ent r#n for eletion #!


32/77

?re!i"ent of te ?ilippine! #n" file" er Certifi#te of C#n"i"# erein !e in"i#te" t#t !e i! #

re!i"ent #n" re4i!tere" $oter of S#n u#n, etro #nil#.

Applin4 te priniple! "i!u!!e" to te f#t! foun" b C+E'EC, #t i! ine!#p#ble i! t#t petitioner el" $#riou!

re!i"ene! for "ifferent purpo!e! "urin4 te p#!t four "e#"e!. None of te!e purpo!e! une


33/77

f#$or of # "omiile of oie in"ee" ourre". -o effet #n #b#n"onment re0

Artile 110 of te Ci$il Co"e pro$i"e!

AR-%C'E 110. -e u!b#n" !#ll fi3 te re!i"ene of te f#mil. But te ourt m# e3empt te ife from

li$in4 it te u!b#n" if e !oul" li$e #bro#" unle!! in te !er$ie of te Republi.

A !ur$e of Duri!pru"ene rel#tin4 to Artile 110 or to te onept! of "omiile or re!i"ene #! te #ffet te

fem#le !pou!e upon m#rri#4e iel"! notin4 i oul" !u44e!t t#t te fem#le !pou!e #utom#ti#ll lo!e! er

"omiile of ori4in in f#$or of te u!b#n"! oie of re!i"ene upon m#rri#4e.

Artile 110 i! # $irtu#l re!t#tement of Artile 58 of te Sp#ni! Ci$il Co"e of 1889 i !t#te! 'e3'ib

'# muDer e!t# obli4#"# # !e4uir # !u m#ri"o "on"e


34/77

-e ri4t of te u!b#n" to fi3 te #tu#l re!i"ene i! in #rmon it te intention of te l# to !tren4ten #n" unif te

f#mil, reo4niHin4 te f#t t#t te u!b#n" #n" te ife brin4 into te m#rri#4e "ifferent "omiile! of ori4in. -i!

"ifferene oul", for te !#e of f#mil unit, be reonile" onl b #lloin4 te u!b#n" to fi3 # !in4le pl#e of #tu#l

re!i"ene.

&er !i4nifi#ntl, Artile 110 of te Ci$il Co"e i! foun" un"er -itle & un"er te e#"in4 R%G=-S AN*

+B'%GA-%+NS BE-(EEN =SBAN* AN* (%;E. %mme"i#tel pree"in4 Artile 110 i! Artile 109 i obli4e! te

u!b#n" #n" ife to li$e to4eter, tu!

AR-%C'E 109. -e u!b#n" #n" ife #re obli4#te" to li$e to4eter, ob!er$e mutu#l re!pet #n" fi"elit

#n" ren"er mutu#l elp #n" !upport.

-e "ut to li$e to4eter #n onl be fulfille" if te u!b#n" #n" ife #re p!i#ll to4eter. -i! t#e! into

#ount te !itu#tion! ere te ouple #! m#n re!i"ene! #! in te #!e of petitioner. %f te u!b#n" #! to !t#

in or tr#n!fer to #n one of teir re!i"ene!, te ife !oul" nee!!#ril be it im in or"er t#t te m# 2li$e

to4eter.2 =ene, it i! illo4i#l to onlu"e t#t Art. 110 refer! to 2"omiile2 #n" not to 2re!i"ene.2 +teri!e, e !#ll

be f#e" it # !itu#tion ere te ife i! left in te "omiile ile te u!b#n", for profe!!ion#l or oter re#!on!,

!t#! in one of teir $#riou! re!i"ene!. A! *r. -olentino furter e3pl#in!

Re!i"ene #n" *omiile. / (eter te or" 2re!i"ene2 #! u!e" it referene to p#rtiul#r m#tter!

i! !nonmou! it 2"omiile2 i! # ere te !pou!e! oul" not be ompelle" to li$e it e# oter

!u t#t te ife i! eiter #lloe" to m#int#in # re!i"ene "ifferent from t#t of er u!b#n" or, for ob$iou!l pr#ti#l

re#!on!, re$ert to er ori4in#l "omiile #p#rt from bein4 #lloe" to opt for # ne one. %n 2e la 3ina

vs.3illareal>: ti! Court el" t#t 2[#] m#rrie" om#n m# #> Note t#t te Court

#lloe" te ife eiter to obt#in ne re!i"ene or to oo!e # ne "omiile in !u #n e$ent. %n in!t#ne! ere te


35/77

ife #tu#ll opt!, un"er te Ci$il Co"e, to li$e !ep#r#tel from er u!b#n" eiter b t#in4 ne re!i"ene or

re$ertin4 to er "omiile of ori4in, te Court #! el" t#t te ife oul" not be ompelle" to li$e it er u!b#n" on

p#in of ontempt. %nArro&o vs.3asques de Arro&o >5 te Court el" t#t

pon e3#min#tion of te #utoritie!, e #re on$ine" t#t it i! not itin te pro$ine of te ourt! #t

ti! ountr to #ttempt to ompel one of te !pou!e! to o#bit it, #n" ren"er onDu4#l ri4t! to, te

oter. +f our!e ere te propert ri4t! of one of te p#ir #re in$#"e", #n #tion for re!titution of !u

ri4t! #n be m#int#ine". But e #re "i!inline" to !#ntion te "otrine t#t #n or"er, enforible !i

b proe!! of ontempt, m# be entere" to ompel te re!titution of te purel per!on#l ri4t of

on!ortium. At be!t !u #n or"er #n be effeti$e for no oter purpo!e t#n to ompel te !pou!e! to

li$e un"er te !#me roof) #n" te e3periene of to!e ountrie! ere te ourt! of Du!tie #$e

#!!ume" to ompel te o#bit#tion of m#rrie" people !o! t#t te poli of te pr#tie i! e3tremel

eldon

v.>eldon9 ?.*. 5, "ei"e" in 188:, Sir #me! =#nnen, ?re!i"ent in te ?rob#te, *i$ore #n"

A"mir#lt *i$i!ion of te =i4 Court of u!tie, e3pre!!e" i! re4ret t#t te En4li! l# on te !ubDet

#! not te !#me #! t#t i pre$#ile" in Sotl#n", ere # "eree of #"erene, e8

%n # "ei!ion of #nu#r , 1909, te Supreme Court of Sp#in #ppe#r! to #$e #ffirme" #n or"er of te

Au"ieni# -erritori#l "e ll#"oli" re


36/77

upon er f#ilure to "o !o, to m#e # p#rtiul#r "i!po!ition of ert#in mone #n" effet! ten in er

po!!e!!ion #n" to "eli$er to er u!b#n", #! #"mini!tr#tor of te 4#n#ni#l propert, #ll inome, rent!,

#n" intere!t i mi4t #rue to er from te propert i !e #" brou4t to te m#rri#4e. 11:

ur. Ci$., pp. 1, 11 But it "oe! not #ppe#r t#t ti! or"er for te return of te ife to te m#rit#l "omiile

#! !#ntione" b #n oter pen#lt t#n te on!e, !e ept er "omiile of ori4in #n" merel 4#ine" # ne ome,

not # doiciliu necesariu.

E$en #!!umin4 for te !#e of #r4ument t#t petitioner 4#ine" # ne 2"omiile2 #fter er m#rri#4e #n" onl

#


37/77

4one !tr#i4t to er ome in S#n u#n, #! it #! in # !t#te of "i!rep#ir, #$in4 been pre$iou!l loote" b $#n"#l!. =er

2ome!2 #n" 2re!i"ene!2 folloin4 er #rri$#l in $#riou! p#rt! of etro #nil# merel 9 2!o t#t nonFompli#ne it tem "oe! not in$#li"#te te Du"4ment on te teor

t#t if te !t#tute #" inten"e" !u re!ult it oul" #$e le#rl in"i#te" it.2 50 -e "ifferene beteen # m#n"#tor

#n" # "iretor pro$i!ion i! often m#"e on 4roun"! of nee!!it. A"optin4 te !#me $ie el" b !e$er#l Ameri#n

#utoritie!, ti! ourt inMarcelino v.*ruz el" t#t 51

-e "ifferene beteen # m#n"#tor #n" "iretor pro$i!ion i! often "etermine" on 4roun"! of

e3pe"ien, te re#!on bein4 t#t le!! inDur re!ult! to te 4ener#l publi b "i!re4#r"in4 t#n enforin4

te letter of te l#.

%n Trapp v.Mc *oric(, # #!e #llin4 for te interpret#tion of # !t#tute ont#inin4 # limit#tion of tirt

:0 "#! itin i # "eree m# be entere" itout te on!ent of oun!el, it #! el" t#t te

!t#tutor pro$i!ion! i m# be tu! "ep#rte" from it impunit, itout #ffetin4 te $#li"it of

!t#tutor proee"in4!, #re u!u#ll to!e i rel#te to te mo"e or time of "oin4 t#t i i!

e!!enti#l to effet te #im #n" purpo!e of te 'e4i!l#ture or !ome ini"ent of te e!!enti#l #t. -u!, in

!#i" #!e, te !t#tute un"er e3#min#tion #! on!true" merel to be "iretor.

-e mi!ief in petitioner! onten"in4 t#t te C+E'EC !oul" #$e #b!t#ine" from ren"erin4 # "ei!ion

#fter te perio" !t#te" in te +mnibu! Eletion Co"e be#u!e it l#e" Duri!"ition, lie! in te f#t t#t our ourt! #n"

oter


38/77

%n #n e$ent, it te en#tment of Setion! 6 #n" 7 of R.A. 66>6 in rel#tion to Setion 78 of B.?. 881,52it i!

e$i"ent t#t te re!pon"ent Commi!!ion "oe! not lo!e Duri!"ition to e#r #n" "ei"e # pen"in4 "i!, # 7,

# 11, #n" # 5, 1995 #re ereb SE- AS%*E. Re!pon"ent C+E'EC i! ereb "irete" to or"er te ?ro$ini#l

Bo#r" of C#n$#!!er! to prol#im petitioner #! te "ul elete" Repre!ent#ti$e of te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete.

S+ +R*ERE*.''Dur

Narvasa6 *:J:, Doin! J: en"oH# in i! !ep#r#te opinion.

1eliciano6 J.6 i! on offii#l le#$e.

Padilla6 Regalado and 2avide6 Jr:6 JJ:, !ee "i!!entin4 opinion.

Roero6 3itug #n" Mendoza6 JJ:, !ee !ep#r#te opinion.

'ellosillo #n" Melo6 JJ., Doin te !ep#r#te opinion ofJ. ?uno.

Puno#n" 1rancisco6 JJ:, !ee !ep#r#te onurrin4 opinion.

4erosisia6 Jr.6 J., Doin! te "i!!entin4 opinion of . ?#"ill#.

Sea!a"e O#n#$n%

PUNO,J .,concurring
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%t #! Ari!totle o t#u4t m#nin" t#t tin4! t#t #re #lie !oul" be tre#te" #lie, ile tin4! t#t #re

un#lie !oul" be tre#te" un#lie in proportion to teir un#liene!!. 1'ie oter #n"i"#te!, petitioner #! le#rl met

te re!i"ene re


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%t i! not, terefore, te mere f#t of m#rri#4e but te "eliber#te oie of # "ifferent "omiile b te u!b#n" t#t ill

#n4e te "omiile of # ife from #t it #! prior to teir m#rri#4e. -e "omiili#r "ei!ion m#"e b te u!b#n"

in te e3eri!e of te ri4t onferre" b Artile 110 of te Ci$il Co"e bin"! te ife. An #n" #ll #t! of # ife "urin4

er o$erture ontr#r to te "omiili#r oie of te u!b#n" #nnot #n4e in #n # te "omiile le4#ll fi3e" b

te u!b#n". -e!e #t! #re $oi" not onl be#u!e te ife l#! te #p#it to oo!e er "omiile but #l!o

be#u!e te #re ontr#r to l# #n" publi poli.

%n te #!e #t ben, it i! not "i!pute" t#t former ?re!i"ent #ro! e3eri!e" i! ri4t to fi3 te f#mil "omiile #n"

e!t#bli!e" it in B#t#, %loo! Norte, ere e #! ten te on4re!!m#n.At that particular point o! tie and throughout

their arried li!e,petitioner lost her doicile in Tacloban,"e&te. Sine petitioner! B#t# "omiile #! been fi3e" b

oper#tion of l#, it #! not #ffete" in 1959 en er u!b#n" #! elete" #! Sen#tor, en te li$e" in S#n u#n,

RiH#l #n" ere !e re4i!tere" #! # $oter. %t #! not #l!o #ffete" in 1965 en er u!b#n" #! elete" ?re!i"ent,

en te li$e" in #l##I#n4 ?#l#e, #n" en !e re4i!tere" #! # $oter in S#n i4uel, #nil#. Nor #! it #ffete"

en !e !er$e" #! # member of te 'atasang Pabansa, ini!ter of =um#n Settlement! #n" Go$ernor of etro #nil#

"urin4 te inumben of er u!b#n" #! ?re!i"ent of te n#tion. n"er Artile 110 of te Ci$il Co"e, it #! onl er

u!b#n" o oul" #n4e te f#mil "omiile in B#t# #n" te e$i"ene !o! e "i" not effet #n !u #n4e. -o #

l#r4e "e4ree, ti! follo! te ommon l# t#t 2# om#n on er m#rri#4e lo!e! er on "omiile #n" b oper#tion of l#,

#


41/77

Ameri#n !t#te ourt "ei!ion! #n"e" "on beteen te e#r! 1917 15 #n" 19:8, 16 or be!ore the tie %hen

%oen %ere accorded equalit& o! rights %ith en . n"eni#bl, te omen! liber#tion mo$ement re!ulte" in f#rF

r#n4in4 !t#te le4i!l#tion! in te nite" St#te! to elimin#te 4en"er ine


42/77

2Be#u!e of te pre!ent ine


43/77

-e ourt m# e3empt one !pou!e from li$in4 it te oter if te l#tter !oul" li$e #bro#" or tere #re

oter $#li" #n" ompellin4 re#!on! for te e3emption. =oe$er, !u e3emption !#ll not #ppl if te

!#me i! not omp#tible it te !oli"#rit of te f#mil.2 Emp#!i! !upplie"

Article . repealed Article --B o! the *ivil *ode. Commentin4 on te "ut of te u!b#n" #n" ife to li$e to4eter,

former #"#m u!tie Alie SempioF*i of te Court of Appe#l! !peifie" te in!t#ne! en a %i!e a& no% re!use

to live %ith her husband,thus 8

2 -e ife #! te "ut to li$e it er u!b#n", but !e m# refu!e to "o !o in ert#in #!e! lie

# %f te pl#e o!en b te u!b#n" #! f#mil re!i"ene i! "#n4erou! to er life)

b %f te u!b#n" !ubDet! er to m#ltre#tment or #bu!i$e on"ut or in!ult!, m#in4

ommon life impo!!ible)

%f te u!b#n" ompel! er to li$e it i! p#rent!, but !e #nnot 4et #lon4 it

er moterFinFl# #n" te #$e on!t#nt 6 +G 61)

" (ere te u!b#n" #! ontinuou!l #rrie" illiit rel#tion! for 10 e#r! it

"ifferent omen #n" tre#te" i! ife rou4l #n" itout on!i"er#tion. 2adivas

v.3illanueva, 5> ?il. 9)

e (ere te u!b#n" !pent i! time in 4#mblin4, 4i$in4 no mone to i! f#mil for

foo" #n" nee!!itie!, #n" #t te !#me time in!ultin4 i! ife #n" l#in4 #n"! on er.

Panuncio v.Sula, CA, :> +G 19)

f %f te u!b#n" #! no fi3e" re!i"ene #n" li$e! # $#4#bon" life #! # tr#mp 1

#nre!# :9)

4 %f te u!b#n" i! #rrin4 on # !#meful bu!ine!! #t ome Gahn v.2arb&, :8 '#.

Ann. 70.2

The inescapable conclusion is that our 1ail& *ode has copletel& eancipated the %i!e !ro the control o! the

husband, tu! #b#n"onin4 te p#rtie! teoreti i"entit of intere!t. No le!! t#n te l#te re$ere" r. u!tie .B.'.

Ree! o #ire" te Ci$il Co"e Re$i!ion Committee of te ? '# Center 4#$e ti! in!i4tful $ie in one of i!

r#re leture! #fter retirement 9

2333 333 333

2-e ;#mil Co"e i! prim#ril inten"e" to reform te f#mil l# !o #! to em#nip#te te ife from te

e3lu!i$e ontrol of te u!b#n" #n" to pl#e er #t p#rit it im in!of#r #! te f#mil i!

onerne". The %i!e and the husband are no% placed on equal standing b& the *ode. -e #re no


44/77

Doint #"mini!tr#tor! of te f#mil propertie! #n" e3eri!e Doint #utorit o$er te per!on! #n" propertie!

of teir il"ren. -i! me#n! # "u#l #utorit in te f#mil. The husband %ill no longer prevail over the

%i!e but !e #! to #4ree on #ll m#tter! onernin4 te f#mil.2 Emp#!i! !upplie"

%n li4t of te ;#mil Co"e i #bro4#te" te ine, Artile %% pro$i"e! 2-e St#te reo4niHe! te

role of omen in n#tion buil"in4, #n" !#ll en!ure fun"#ment#l e


45/77

2:6. %n No$ember, 1991, % #me ome to our belo$e" ountr, #fter !e$er#l re


46/77

t#e o$er !#i" propertie!, #n" t#t #ll e3pen!e! !#ll be for er #ount #n" not

reimbur!#ble. ?le#!e e3ten" te nee!!#r ourte! to er.

2333 333 333

>:. % #! not permitte", oe$er, to li$e #n" !t# in te Sto. NiIo Srine re!i"ene in -#lob#n Cit

ere % #nte" to !t# #n" re!i"e, #fter rep#ir! #n" reno$#tion! ere omplete". %n Au4u!t 199>, %

tr#n!ferre" from S#n o!e, -#lob#n Cit, to m re!i"ene in B#r#n4# +lot, -olo!#, 'ete, en

?CGG permitte" me to !t# #n" li$e tere.2

0t is then clear that in -..+ petitioner reestablished her doicile in the 1irst 2istrict o! "e&te. %t i! not "i!pute" t#t in

199, !e fir!t li$e" #t te ou!e of er broter in S#n o!e, -#lob#n Cit #n" l#ter, in Au4u!t 199>, !e tr#n!ferre"

er re!i"ene in B#r#n4# +lot, -olo!#, 'ete. Bot -#lob#n Cit #n" te muniip#lit of +lot #re itin te ;ir!t

*i!trit of 'ete. Sine petitioner ree!t#bli!e" er ol" "omiile in 199 in te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete, !e more t#n

omplie" it te on!titution#l re


47/77

aendent o! the certi!icate6 although at a date a!ter the deadline,but be!ore the election,%as

substantial copliance %ith the la%,and the de!ect %as cured.2

%t 4oe! itout !#in4 t#t petitioner! erroneou! Certifi#te of C#n"i"# file" on #r 8, 1995 #nnot be u!e" #!

e$i"ene #4#in!t er. ?ri$#te re!pon"ent! petition for te "i!


48/77

2?rior to te re4i!tr#tion "#te / #nu#r 8, 1995 / te petitioner erein pri$#te re!pon"ent onteDo

rote te Eletion +ffier of -#lob#n Cit not to #llo re!pon"ent petitioner erein to re4i!ter tere#t

!ine !e i! # re!i"ent of -olo!# #n" not -#lob#n Cit. -e purpo!e of ti! mo$e of te petitioner

onteDo i! not lo!t to !i te Commi!!ion. %n N* No. 95F001 0n the atter o! the "egislative

2istricts o! the Provinces o! "e&te,0loilo,and South *otabato,Out o! >hich the Ne% Provinces o!

'iliran,Guiaras and Saranggani >ere Respectivel& *reated, . . . =on. Cirilo Ro G. onteDo,

Repre!ent#ti$e, ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete, #nte" te uniip#lit of -olo!#, in te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete,

tr#n!ferre" to te Seon" *i!trit of 'ete. -e =on. Ser4io A.;. Apo!tol, Repre!ent#ti$e of te Seon"

*i!trit of 'ete, oppo!e" te mo$e of te petitioner onteDo. n"er Comele Re!olution No. 7:6

*eember 9, 199>, te Commi!!ion on Eletion! refu!e" to m#e te propo!e" tr#n!fer. ?etitioner

onteDo file" Motion !or Reconsideration o! Resolution No.+5@ i te Commi!!ion "enie" in #

Re!olution promul4#te" on ;ebru#r 1, 1995. ?etitioner onteDo file" # petition for certioraribefore

te =onor#ble Supreme Court *irilo Ro& G.Monte#o vs.*oission on Elections,G.R.No.--/5B+

e also den& the Petition pra&ing !or the trans!er o! the unicipalit& o! Tolosa

!ro the 1irst 2istrict to the Second 2istrict o! the province o! "e&te. No costs.

2?etitioner! onteDo! pl#n "i" not or. But te re!pon"ent petitioner erein #! on!tr#ine" to

re4i!ter in te uniip#lit of -olo!# ere er ou!e i! in!te#" of -#lob#n Cit, er "omiile. %n #n

#!e, bot -#lob#n Cit #n" -olo!# #re in te !#me ;ir!t 'e4i!l#ti$e *i!trit.2

All these attepts to isuse our la%s and legal processes are !ors o! ran( harassents and invidious

discriinations against petitioner to den& her equal access to a public o!!ice. (e #nnot ommit #n ermeneuti

$iolene to te Con!titution b torturin4 te me#nin4 of e


49/77

Si$th. %n Gallego v.3era, :8 e e3pl#ine" t#t te re#!on for ti! re!i"ene re


50/77

elete" #n" o!en for im!elf to "i!pl#e i! pre$iou! "omiile) it #! for it! true b#!i! or foun"#tion te intention of

te per!on 8 C..S. 6. %n or"er to ol" t#t # per!on #! #b#n"one" i! "omiile #n" # it ten Con4re!!m#n #ro!. B le4#l fition !e folloe" te "omiile of

er u!b#n". %n m $ie, te re#!on for te l# i! for te !pou!e! to full #n" effeti$el perform teir m#rit#l "utie!

#n" obli4#tion! to one #noter. 1-e


51/77

re!i"ene of ori4in o mu!t !o #n" pro$e prepon"er#ntl !u #b#n"onment or lo!! 1a&pon v.7uirino, supra#t

98) 8 C..S. 16, be#u!e te pre!umption i! !tron4l in f#$or of #n ori4in#l or former "omiile, #! #4#in!t #n

# en !e #!

#lloe" b te ?CGG to mo$e #n" re!i"e in er !e. Se l#ter

tr#n!ferre" to +lot, -olo!#, 'ete Anne3 %, p. 7. %t #ppe#rin4 t#t bot -#lob#n Cit #n" -olo!#, 'ete #re itin te

;ir!t Con4re!!ion#l *i!trit of 'ete, it in"ubit#bl !t#n"! t#t !e #" more t#n # e#r of re!i"ene in te

on!tituen !e !ou4t to be elete". ?etitioner, terefore, #! !#ti!f#toril omplie" it te oneFe#r


52/77

%t #! been #r4ue" t#t for purpo!e! of our eletion l#!, te term residence #! been un"er!too" #! !nonmou!

it doicile. -i! #r4ument #! been $#li"#te" b no le!! t#n te Court in numerou! #!e!1ere !i4nifi#ntl

te!actual circustancesle#rl #n" on$inin4l pro$e" t#t # per!on "oe! not effeti$el lo!e i! "omiile of ori4in if

te intention to re!i"e terein i! m#nife!t it i!personal presence in te pl#e, coupled %ith conduct indicative o! such

intention.

(it ti! b#!i te!i! in min", it oul" not be "iffiult to onei$e of "ifferent mo"#litie! itin i te pr#!e 2# re!i"en

tereof me#nin4, te le4i!l#ti$e "i!trit for # perio" of not le!! t#n one e#r2 oul" fit.

-e fir!t in!t#ne i! ere # per!on! re!i"ene #n" "omiile oini"e in i #!e # per!on onl #! to pro$e t#t e

#! been "omiile" in # perm#nent lo#tion for not le!! t#n # e#r before te eletion.

A !eon" !itu#tion i! ere # per!on m#int#in! # re!i"ene #p#rt from i! "omiile in i #!e e oul"

#$e te lu3ur of "i!trit !oppin4, pro$i"e" of our!e, e !#ti!fie! te oneFe#r re!i"ene perio" in te "i!trit #! te

minimum perio" for eli4ibilit to te po!ition of on4re!!ion#l repre!ent#ti$e for te "i!trit.

%n eiter #!e, one oul" not be on!titution#ll "i!


53/77

*i$ine (or" ni$er!it of -#lob#n, ere !e e#rne" er "e4ree in E"u#tion. -ere#fter, !e t#u4t

in te 'ete Cine!e =i4 Sool, !till in -#lob#n Cit. %n 195 !e ent to #nil# to or it er

ou!in, te l#te Spe#er *#niel . Romu#l"eH in i! offie in te =ou!e of Repre!ent#ti$e!. %n 195>,

!e m#rrie" e3F?re!i"ent ;er"in#n" #ro! en e #! !till # on4re!!m#n of %loo! Norte. Se li$e"

it im in B#t#, %loo! Norte #n" re4i!tere" tere #! # $oter. (en er u!b#n" #! elete" Sen#tor

of te Republi in 1959, !e #n" er u!b#n" li$e" to4eter in S#n u#n, RiH#l ere !e re4i!tere" #!

# $oter. %n 1965 en er u!b#n" #! elete" ?re!i"ent of te Republi of te ?ilippine!, !e li$e"

it im in #l##I#n4 ?#l#e #n" re4i!tere" #! # $oter in S#n i4uel, #nil#.

2*urin4 te #ro! pre!i"en, re!pon"ent !er$e" #! # ember of te B#t#!#n4 ?#mb#n!#, ini!ter

of =um#n Settlement! #n" Go$ernor of etro #nil#. Se l#ime" t#t in ;ebru#r 1986, !e #n" er

f#mil ere #b"ute" #n" i"n#ppe" to =onolulu, =##ii. %n No$ember 1991, !e #me ome to

#nil#. %n 199 re!pon"ent r#n for eletion #! ?re!i"ent of te ?ilippine! #n" file" er Certifi#te of

C#n"i"# erein !e in"i#te" t#t !e i! # re!i"ent #n" re4i!tere" $oter of S#n u#n, etro #nil#.

+n Au4u!t >, 199>, re!pon"ent file" # letter it te eletion offier of S#n u#n, etro #nil#,

re, re!pon"ent f ile" er Sorn Appli#tion for C#nell#tion of

&oter! ?re$iou! Re4i!tr#tion Anne3 FC, An!er !t#tin4 t#t !e i! # "ul re4i!tere" $oter in 157FA,

Br4. #tun#!, S#n u#n, etro #nil# t#t !e inten"! to re4i!ter #t Br4. +lot, -olo!#, 'ete.

2+n #nu#r 8, 1995 re!pon"ent re4i!tere" #! # $oter #t ?reint No. 18FA of +lot, -olo!#, 'ete. Se

file" it te Bo#r" of Eletion %n!petor! CE ;orm No. 1, &oter Re4i!tr#tion Reor" No. 9>F::>977,

erein !e #lle4e" t#t !e #! re!i"e" in te muniip#lit of -olo!# for # perio" of 6 mont! Anne3

A, ?etition.

2+n #r 8, 1995, re!pon"ent file" it te +ffie of te ?ro$ini#l Eletion Super$i!or, 'ete, #

Certifi#te of C#n"i"# for te po!ition of Repre!ent#ti$e of te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete erein !e #l!o

#lle4e" t#t !e #! been # re!i"ent in te on!tituen ere !e !ee! to be elete" for # perio" of 7

mont!. -e pertinent entrie! terein #re #! follo!

7. ?R+;ESS%+N +R +CC?A-%+N =ou!eifeL-e#erLSoi#l (orer

8. RES%*ENCE omplete #""re!! Br4. +lot, -olo!#, 'ete

?o!t +ffie A""re!! for eletion purpo!e! Br4. +lot, -olo!#, 'ete

9. RES%*ENCE %N -=E C+NS-%-ENC@ (=ERE%N % SEEJ -+ BE E'EC-E* %E*%A-E'@

?RECE*%NG E'EC-%+N PPPPPPP @e#r! Sevenont!

10. % A N+- A ?ERANEN- RES%*EN- +;, +R %%GRAN- -+, A ;+RE%GN C+N-R@.


54/77

-=A- % A E'%G%B'E for !#i" offie) -#t % ill !upport #n" "efen" te Con!titution of te Republi of

te ?ilippine! #n" ill m#int#in true f#it #n" #lle4i#ne tereto) -#t % ill obe te l#!, le4#l or"er!

#n" "eree! promul4#te" b te "ulFon!titute" #utoritie!) -#t te obli4#tion impo!e" b m o#t i!

#!!ume" $olunt#ril, itout ment#l re!er$#tion or purpo!e of e$#!ion) #n" -#t te f#t! !t#te" erein

#re true to te be!t of m nole"4e.

S4". %mel"# Romu#l"eHF#ro!

Si4n#ture of C#n"i"#te2

?etitioner! #fore!t#te" ertifi#te of #n"i"# file" on 8 #r 1995 ont#in! te "ei!i$e omponent or

!ee" of er "i!


55/77

n"er Se. 6 RA 66>6, An At %ntro"uin4 A""ition#l Reform! in te Eletor#l S!tem #n" for oter purpo!e! 8> +.G.

905, ;ebru#r 1988 it i! pro$i"e" t#t

2. . .An& candidate %ho has been declared b& !inal #udgent to be disquali!ied shall not be voted

!or,and the votes cast !or hi shall not be counted. %f for #n re#!on # #n"i"#te i! not "el#re" b f in#l

Du"4ment before #n eletion to be "i!


56/77

(ile % #4ree it !ome of te f#tu#l b#!e! of te m#Dorit opinion, % #nnot #rri$e onDointl #t te !#me onlu!ion

"r#n terefrom. =ene, ti! "i!!ent i #!!ure"l i! not formul#te" 2on te b#!i! of te per!on#lit of # petitioner in #

#!e.2

% 4o #lon4 it te m#Dorit in teir n#rr#tion of #ntee"ent f#t!, in!of#r #! te !#me #re pertinent to ti! #!e, #n" i

% #$e !implifie" #! follo!

1. ?etitioner, #ltou4 born in #nil#, re!i"e" "urin4 er il"oo" in te pre!ent -#lob#n Cit, !e

bein4 # le4itim#te "#u4ter of p#rent! o #ppe#r to #$e t#en up perm#nent re!i"ene terein. Se

#l!o ent to !ool tere #n", for # time, t#u4t in one of te !ool! in t#t it.

. (en !e m#rrie" ten Rep. ;er"in#n" E. #ro! o #! ten "omiile" in B#t#, %loo! Norte, b

oper#tion of l# !e #.

:. %n te !ue!!i$e e#r! #n" "urin4 te e$ent! t#t #ppene" tere#fter, er u!b#n" #$in4 been

elete" #! # Sen#tor #n" ten #! ?re!i"ent, !e li$e" it im #n" teir f#mil in S#n u#n, RiH#l #n"ten in #l##I#n4 ?#l#e in S#n i4uel, #nil#.

>. +$er to!e e#r!, !e re4i!tere" #! # $oter #n" #tu#ll $ote" in B#t#, %loo! Norte, ten in S#n

u#n, RiH#l, #n" #l!o in S#n i4uel, #nil#, #ll te!e merel in te e3eri!e of te ri4t of !uffr#4e.

5. %t "oe! not #ppe#r t#t er u!b#n", e$en #fter e #" #!!ume" to!e loft po!ition! !ue!!i$el,

e$er #b#n"one" i! "omiile of ori4in in B#t#, %loo! Norte ere e m#int#ine" i! re!i"ene #n"

in$#ri#bl $ote" in #ll eletion!.

6. After te ou!ter of er u!b#n" from te pre!i"en in 1986 #n" te !oDourn of te #ro! f#mil in

=onolulu, =##ii, .S.A., !e e$entu#ll returne" to te ?ilippine! in 1991 #n" re!i"e" in "ifferent

pl#e! i !e l#ime" to #$e been merel tempor#r re!i"ene!.

7. %n 199, petitioner r#n for eletion #! ?re!i"ent of te ?ilippine! #n" in er ertifi#te of #n"i"#

!e in"i#te" t#t !e #! ten # re4i!tere" $oter #n" re!i"ent of S#n u#n, etro #nil#.

8. +n Au4u!t >, 199>, !e file" # letter for te #nell#tion of er re4i!tr#tion in te ?erm#nent 'i!t of

&oter! in ?reint No. 157 of S#n u#n, etro #nil# in or"er t#t !e m# 2be reFre4i!tere" or

tr#n!ferre" to Br4. +lot, -olo!#, 'ete.2 +n Au4u!t :1, 199>, !e folloe" ti! up it er Sorn

Appli#tion for C#nell#tion of &oter! ?re$iou! Re4i!tr#tion erein !e !t#te" t#t !e #! #

re4i!tere" $oter in ?reint No. 157FA, Br4. #tun#!, S#n u#n, etro #nil# #n" t#t !e inten"e"

to re4i!ter in Br4. +lot, -olo!#, 'ete.

9. +n #nu#r 8, 1995, petitioner re4i!tere" #! # $oter #t ?reint No. 18FA of +lot, -olo!#, 'ete, for

i purpo!e !e file" it te terein Bo#r" of Eletion %n!petor! # $oter! re4i!tr#tion reor" form

#lle4in4 t#t !e #" re!i"e" in t#t muniip#lit for !i3 mont!.


57/77

10. +n #r 8, 1995, petitioner file" er ertifi#te of #n"i"# for te po!ition of Repre!ent#ti$e of

te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete erein !e #lle4e" t#t !e #" been # re!i"ent for 2Sevenont!2 of te

on!tituen ere !e !ou4t to be elete".

11. +n #r 9, 1995, !e file" #n 2Amen"e"LCorrete" Certifi#te of C#n"i"#2 erein er #n!er

in te ori4in#l ertifi#te of #n"i"# to item 28. RES%*ENCE %N -=E C+NS-%-ENC@ (=ERE %

SEEJ, -+ BE E'EC-E* %E*%A-E'@ ?RECE*%NG -=E E'EC-%+N2 #! #n4e" or repl#e" it

# ne entr re#"in4 2S%NCE C=%'*=++*.2

-e !ole i!!ue for re!olution i! eter, for purpo!e! of er #n"i"#, petitioner #" omplie" it te re!i"en

re


58/77

ne "omiile! of oie. %n f#t, it #ppe#r! t#t er #$in4 re!i"e" in to!e pl#e! #! b re#!on of te fortune! or

mi!fortune! of er u!b#n" #n" i! pere4rin#tion! in te #!!umption of ne offii#l po!ition! or te lo!! of tem. =er

re!i"ene in =onolulu #n", of our!e, to!e #fter er return to te ?ilippine! ere, #! !e l#ime", #4#in!t er ill or

onl for tr#n!ient purpo!e! i oul" not #$e in$e!te" tem it te !t#tu! of "omiile! of oie. 5

After petitioner! return to te ?ilippine! in 1991 #n" up to te pre!ent imbro4lio o$er er re. B oper#tion of l# doiciliu

necesariu, er le4#l "omiile #t te time of er m#rri#4e be#me B#t#, %loo! Norte although there

%ere no indications o! an intention on her part to abandon her doicile o! origin. Be#u!e of er

u!b#n"! !ub!e


59/77

b er m#rri#4e, te termin#tion of te m#rri#4e #l!o termin#te! t#t effet tereof. % #m impre!!e" b te in4eniou!ne!!

of ti! teor i pro$e! t#t, in"ee", nee!!it i! te moter of in$ention!. Re4retfull, % fin" !ome "iffiult in

#eptin4 eiter te lo4i or te $#li"it of ti! #r4ument.

%f # p#rt lo!e! i! "omiile of ori4in b obt#inin4 # ne "omiile of oie, e tereb voluntaril& abandonste former in

f#$or of te l#tter. %f, tere#fter, e #b#n"on! t#t o!en "omiile, e "oe! not per sereo$er i! ori4in#l "omiile unle!!

b !ub!e


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%n!te#", #t i! of onern in petitioner! #!e #! te m#tter of er #$in4 # #n" not #$in4 #utom#ti#ll re#


61/77

-e m#Dorit opinion, oe$er, o$erturne" te C+E'EC! fin"in4! of f#t for l# of proof t#t te petitioner

#! #b#n"one" -olo!# #! er "omiile of ori4in, i i! #lle4e"l itin te ;ir!t Con4re!!ion#l *i!trit of 'ete.

% re!petfull !ubmit t#t te petitioner er!elf #! pro$i"e" te C+E'EC, eiter b #"mi!!ion or b

"oument#r e$i"ene, o$erelmin4 proof of te lo!! or #b#n"onment of er "omiile of ori4in, i i! -#lob#n

Cit #n" not -olo!#, 'ete. A!!umin4 t#t !e "ei"e" to li$e #4#in in er "omiile of ori4in, t#t be#me er !eon"

"omiile of oie, ere er !t#, unfortun#tel, #! for onl !e$en mont! before te "# of te eletion. Se #!

ten "i!


62/77

"ei"e. -e !#i" #rtile u!e! te term 2f#mil "omiile,2 #n" not f#mil re!i"ene, #! 2te !pou!e! m# #$e multiple

re!i"ene!, #n" te ife m# elet to rem#in in one of !u re!i"ene!, i m# "e!tro te "ut of te !pou!e! to li$e

to4eter #n" it! orre!pon"in4 benefit!2 A'%C%A &. SE?%+F*%@, =#n"boo on te ;#mil Co"e of te ?ilippine!,

[1988], 10.

-e teor of #utom#ti re!tor#tion of # om#n! "omiile of ori4in upon te "e#t of er u!b#n", i te

m#Dorit opinion #"opt! to o$erome te le4#l effet of te petitioner! m#rri#4e on er "omiile, i! un!upporte" b l#

#n" b Duri!pru"ene. -e !ettle" "otrine i! t#t #fter te u!b#n"! "e#t te ife #! # ri4t to elet er on

"omiile, but !e ret#in! te l#!t "omiile of er u!b#n" until !e m#e! #n #tu#l #n4e 8 C..S. *omiile O 1,

7. +r, on te "e#t of te u!b#n", te poer of te ife to #5. Note t#t #t i! re$i$e" i! not er "omiile of ori4in but her po%er to acquire her o%n doicile.

Cle#rl, e$en #fter te "e#t of er u!b#n", te petitioner! "omiile #! t#t of er u!b#n" #t te time of

i! "e#t / i #! B#t#, %loo! Norte, !ine teir re!i"ene! in S#n u#n, etro #nil#, #n" S#n i4uel,

#nil#, ere teir re!i"ene! for on$eniene to en#ble er u!b#n" to effeti$el perform i! offii#l "utie!. -eir

re!i"ene in S#n u#n #! # onDu4#l ome, #n" it #! tere to i !e returne" in 1991 en !e #! #lre#" #

i"o. %n er !orn ertifi#te of #n"i"# for te +ffie of te ?re!i"ent in te !nroniHe" eletion! of # 199,

!e in"i#te" terein t#t !e #! # re!i"ent of S#n u#n, etro #nil#. Se #l!o $ote" in te !#i" eletion! in t#t

pl#e.

+n te b#!i! of er e$i"ene, it #! onl on +9 August -..9en !e e3eri!e" er ri4t #! # i"o to

#


63/77

!ine !e #" lo!t or #b#n"one" er "omiile of ori4in b $irtue of m#rri#4e #n" t#t !u len4t of time "imini!e" er

poer of reolletion or blurre" er memor.

% fin" to be mi!pl#e" te reli#ne b te m#Dorit opinion on 1a&pon vs.7uirino 96 ?il. 9> [195>], #n" te !ub!e


64/77

% $ote to "en te petition. 'e3'ibri!

ROMERO,J .,separate opinion

?etitioner #! #ppe#le" to ti! Court for relief #fter te C+E'EC rule" t#t !e #! "i!, 1995) ten te "eni#l b te C+E'EC en

bancof er otion for Reon!i"er#tion on # 7, 1995, # "# before te eletion) ten be#u!e !e per!i!te" in runnin4,

it! "ei!ion on # 11, 1995 or tree "#! #fter te eletion, #lloin4 er prol#m#tion in te e$ent t#t te re!ult! of te

#n$#!! !oul" !o t#t !e obt#ine" te i4e!t number of $ote! ob$iou!l notin4 t#t petitioner #" on

o$erelmin4l o$er er opponent, but #lmo!t !imult#neou!l re$er!in4 it!elf b "iretin4 t#t e$en if !e in!, er

prol#m#tion !oul" nonetele!! be !u!pen"e".

Crui#l to te re!olution of te "i!


65/77

At te oter e3treme i! te po!ition t#t te i"o #utom#ti#ll re$ert! to er "omiile of ori4in upon te

"emi!e of er u!b#n". *oe! te l# !o #bor # $#uum t#t te i"o #! to be en"oe" !omeo it #

"omiileM -o #n!er ti! e i! #l!o empoere" to be te #"mini!tr#tor of te

onDu4#l propert, it # fe e3eption! 5#n" m#, terefore, "i!po!e of te onDu4#l p#rtner!ip propert for

purpo!e! !peifie" un"er te l#) .ere#!, #! # 4ener#l rule, te ife #nnot bin" te onDu4#l p#rtner!ip itout

te u!b#n"! on!ent. 7A! re4#r"! te propert pert#inin4 to te il"ren un"er p#rent#l #utorit, te f#ter i! te

le4#l #"mini!tr#tor #n" onl in i! #b!ene m# te moter #!!ume i! poer!. )*eme#nin4 to te ife! "i4nit #re

ert#in !triture! on er per!on#l free"om!, pr#ti#ll rele4#tin4 er to te po!ition of minor! #n" "i!#ble" per!on!.

-o illu!tr#te # fe -e ife #nnot, itout te u!b#n"! on!ent, #


66/77

All te!e in"i4nitie! #n" "i!#bilitie! !uffere" b ;ilipino i$e! for un"re"! of e#r! e$oe" no prote!t from

tem until te onept of um#n ri4t! #n" e


67/77

(omen !#ll #$e e


68/77

open or !ubtle, #! ne$er been, nor mu!t it e$er be, te #n!er to perei$e" tr#n!itor nee"!, let #lone !oiet#l #ttitu"e!,

or te Con!titution mi4t lo!e it! $er e!!ene.

Con!titution#l pro$i!ion! mu!t be t#en to be m#n"#tor in #r#ter unle!!, eiter b e3pre!! !t#tement or

b nee!!#r impli#tion, # "ifferent intention i! m#nife!t !ee Marcelino vs.*ruz6 11 SCRA 51.

-e to pro$i!ion! initi#ll brou4t to fou! #re Setion 6 #n" Setion 17 of Artile &% of te fun"#ment#l l#.

-e!e pro$i!ion! re#"

2SEC-%+N 6. No per!on !#ll be # ember of te =ou!e of Repre!ent#ti$e! unle!! e i! # n#tur#lF

born itiHen of te ?ilippine! #n", on te "# of te eletion, i! #t le#!t tentFfi$e e#r! of #4e, #ble to

re#" #n" rite, #n", e3ept te p#rtFli!t repre!ent#ti$e!, # re4i!tere" $oter in te "i!trit in i e

!#ll be elete", #n" # re!i"ent tereof for # perio" of not le!! t#n one e#r imme"i#tel pree"in4 te

"# of te eletion.2

2SEC-%+N 17. -e Sen#te #n" te =ou!e of Repre!ent#ti$e! !#ll e# #$e #n Eletor#l -ribun#l

i !#ll be te !ole Du"4e of #ll onte!t! rel#tin4 to te eletion, return!, #n"


69/77

n#tur#l per!on i! te pl#e of i! habitualre!i"ene !ee Artile 50, Ci$il Co"e. %n eletion #!e!, te ontrollin4 rule

i! t#t eretofore #nnoune" b ti! Court in Roualdez vs.Regional Trial *ourt,'ranch 5,Tacloban *it& 6 SCRA

>08, >09) tu!

2%n eletion #!e!, te Court tre#t! "omiile #n" re!i"ene #! !nonmou! term!, tu! te term

re!i"ene #! u!e" in te eletion l# i! !nonmou! it "omiile, i import! not onl #n intention

to re!i"e in # fi3e" pl#e but #l!o per!on#l pre!ene in t#t pl#e, ouple" it on"ut in"i#ti$e of

!u intention. *omiile "enote! # fi3e" perm#nent re!i"ene to i en #b!ent for bu!ine!! or

ple#!ure, or for lie re#!on!, one inten"! to return. . . . Re!i"ene tu! #


70/77

2SEC-%+N 6. E!!ect o! 2isquali!ication *ase. / An #n"i"#te o #! been "el#re" b fin#l

Du"4ment to be "i!:6 [199>] rulin4!. 'enito vs.*oelec #! # un#nimou! "ei!ion penne" b u!tie

J#pun#n #n" onurre" in b Cief u!tie N#r$#!#, u!tie! ;elii#no, ?#"ill#, Bi"in, Re4#l#"o, *#$i"e, Romero, elo,

ui#!on, ?uno, &itu4 #n" en"oH# u!tie! CruH #n" Bello!illo ere on offii#l le#$e. ;or e#! referene, let me


71/77

2-e l#te!t rulin4 of te Court on ti! i!!ue i! Santos v.*oission on Elections6 1:7 SCRA

7>0 "ei"e" in 1985. %n t#t #!e, te #n"i"#te o pl#e" !eon" #! prol#ime" elete" #fter te

$ote! for i! innin4 ri$#l, o #! "i!:5 i repre!ent! te more lo4i#l #n" "emor#ti

rule. -#t #!e, i reiter#te" te "otrine fir!t #nnoune" in 191 in Topacio v.Paredes,: ?il.

:8 #! !upporte" b ten member! of te Court, GutierreH, r.,ponente, it -ee#nee, Ab#"

S#nto!, elenioF=errer#, ?l#n#, E!olin, Relo$#, *e l# ;uente, Cue$#! #n" Al#mp#, JJ., onurrin4

itout #n "i!!ent, #ltou4 one re!er$e" i! $ote, ##!i#r, J. #noter too no p#rt, A:, p. 676.

-e f#t t#t te #n"i"#te o obt#ine" te i4e!t number of $ote! i! l#ter

"el#re" to be "i!


72/77

!inere belief t#t te #n"i"#te #! #li$e,


73/77

O 68. 2isquali!ications. / An #n"i"#te o, in #n #tion or prote!t in i e i! # p#rt i! "el#re"

b fin#l "ei!ion of # ompetent ourt 4uilt of, or foun" b te Commi!!ion of #$in4 # 4i$en mone

or oter m#teri#l on!i"er#tion to influene, in"ue or orrupt te $oter! or publi offii#l! performin4

eletor#l funtion!) b ommitte" #t! of terrori!m to en#ne i! #n"i"#) !pent in i! eletion

#mp#i4n #n #mount in e3e!! of t#t #lloe" b ti! Co"e) " !oliite", reei$e" or m#"e #n

ontribution proibite" un"er Setion! 89, 95, 96, 97 #n" 10>) or e $iol#te" #n of Setion! 80, 8:, 85,

86 #n" 61, p#r#4r#p! ", e, , $, #n" , !ubFp#r#4r#p 6, !#ll be "i!


74/77

b -o!e remo$e" from offie #! # re!ult of #n #"mini!tr#ti$e #!e)

-o!e on$ite" b fin#l Du"4ment for $iol#tin4 te o#t of #lle4i#ne to te Republi)

" -o!e it "u#l itiHen!ip)

e ;u4iti$e from Du!tie in rimin#l or nonpoliti#l #!e! ere or #bro#")

f ?erm#nent re!i"ent! in # forei4n ountr or to!e o #$e #


75/77

;ir!t i! te f#t t#t unle!! # #n"i"#te in! #n" i! prol#ime" elete", tere i! no nee!!it for "eterminin4 i! eli4ibilit

for te offie. %n ontr#!t, eter #n in"i$i"u#l !oul" be "i!


76/77

te Con!titution itol"! from te C+E'EC e$en te poer to "ei"e #!e! in$ol$in4 te ri4t to $ote, i

e!!enti#ll in$ol$e! #n in, l#!t p#r#4r#p, #n" in te #!e of te Sen#tor!, it te Sen#te

Eletor#l -ribun#l, #n" in te #!e of Con4re!!men, it te =ou!e of Repre!ent#ti$e! Eletor#l -ribun#l. Art. &%,

O17 -ere i! 4re#ter re#!on for not #lloin4 before te eletion te filin4 of "i!


77/77

Romu#l"eHF#ro! for te offie of Repre!ent#ti$e of te ;ir!t *i!trit of 'ete m# onl be in

Documents

Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC [G.R. No. 119976; September 18, 1995]