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Geography & Culture
• Middle of Mediterranean on Italian Peninsula
• The Tiber River
• WHY IS POSITION IMPORTANT???
• ****Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans** – **Writing, BUIDLING, dress
Development• WHAT RULES DO WE NOT WANT
TO FOLLOW???
• People WERE tired of “king-like” ruler making all of the decisions
• Kings are harsh, cruel, one-sided, abusive, power driven, etc.
• monarchy was banned and a REPUBLIC formed.
• **Republic -citizens elected representatives
Classes
***PLEBEIANS• Common man
(farmers & merchants)
**PATRICIANS- nobles
Upper class, wealthy landowners
**The 12 tables
Tribunes-elected plebeian official
a written code for the lower (uneducated) class
Kept LAWS equal and fair
Protection: laws favored the ones who wrote them!
Military
• Basic fighting unit was the legion– Lined foot soldiers in 80-100
man lines (Century’s) – Effective because of ability to
“flank” or move (visual)
**JULIUS CAESAR & 1ST TRIUMVIRATE
Military general-gained wealth and power
Allied himself with Pompey and Crassus to form “First Triumvirate”
appointed dictator by senate(?)
Stabbed to death-too powerful
**2nd triumvirate
After murder of Julius’-civil war in Rome.
• Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus– revenge for assassination
Octavian-restored order & “republic” ideals & becomes…FIRST EMPEROR OF ROME =augustus caesar
**2nd triumvirate
Mark Antony wanted Octavians power and sided with Cleopatra (Eygpt) to try to overthrow him.
DIDN’T WORK & BOTH COMMITTED SUICIDE
**Christianity (mono) in Rome“Post” Jesus
Paul- originally a skeptic became Christian
SPREAD the faith through the empire
Lasting Achievements • Architecture
– ARCH & AQUADUCT• ARCH provided strength • AQUADUCT brought water from miles to hydrate Rome.
Achievements cont’d
• Paved Roads= 50,000 miles of paved– =GA to CA 20x
• Republican Govt.-people have control
• Trial by Jury – “innocent until proven
guilty”
Fall of Rome1- (Economic)-inflation 2- (Military)-Generals had more influence
& outside threats
3-(Social/political)a. movement- Empire split into East (Byzantine empire) & Western Roman Empireb. reform- many strained weak empire
E.S.P.EN• How are Greece & Rome Similar and Different?• With a partner use your notes to review the
SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE 2 PLACES.
• CREATE A CHART THAT LOOKS LIKE THIS!
GREECE ROME
SOCIAL- HOW DID PEOPLE INTERACT? SOCIAL- HOW DID PEOPLE INTERACT?
POLITICAL= HOW WERE THEY GOVERNED?
POLITICAL= HOW WERE THEY GOVERNED?
ENVIRONMENTAL- HOW DID THEY USE THEIR SURROUNDINGS?
ENVIRONMENTAL- HOW DID THEY USE THEIR SURROUNDINGS?
