ROMANIA - European Food Safety Authority · Romania 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Romania 2007 8. All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm, and the

ROMANIA

The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/ 99/ EC

TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES ANDZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS ANDFEEDINGSTUFFS

including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobialresistance in zoonotic agents and some pathogenicmicrobiological agents

IN 2007

INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEMCountry: RomaniaReporting Year: 2007

Romania 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Romania 2007

PREFACEThis report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 2003/ 99/ EC1. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Romania during theyear 2007. The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals, foodstuffsand in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in somezoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborneoutbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole EuropeanCommunity as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in thecountry. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the CommunityLegislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of theepidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given.Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans isevaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report on zoonoses that ispublished each year by EFSA.

1 Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003 on the monitoring ofzoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325,17.11.2003, p. 31


Romania 2007

LIST OF CONTENTS1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS 12. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 32.1. SALMONELLOSIS 42.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 42.1.2. Salmonellosis in humans 52.1.3. Salmonella in foodstuffs 72.1.4. Salmonella in animals 362.1.5. Salmonella in feedingstuffs 382.1.6. Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution 412.1.7. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates 482.2. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 1642.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1642.2.2. Campylobacteriosis in humans 1642.2.3. Campylobacter in foodstuffs 1642.2.4. Campylobacter in animals 1682.2.5. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates 1692.3. LISTERIOSIS 1702.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1702.3.2. Listeriosis in humans 1712.3.3. Listeria in foodstuffs 1712.3.4. Listeria in animals 1752.4. E. COLI INFECTIONS 1762.4.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1762.4.2. E. Coli Infections in humans 1762.4.3. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs 1762.4.4. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals 1772.5. TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 1782.5.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1782.5.2. Tuberculosis, Mycobacterial Diseases in humans 1782.5.3. Mycobacterium in animals 1782.6. BRUCELLOSIS 1842.6.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1842.6.2. Brucellosis in humans 1842.6.3. Brucella in foodstuffs 1842.6.4. Brucella in animals 1842.7. YERSINIOSIS 1912.7.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1912.7.2. Yersiniosis in humans 1912.7.3. Yersinia in foodstuffs 1912.7.4. Yersinia in animals 1912.8. TRICHINELLOSIS 1922.8.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1922.8.2. Trichinellosis in humans 1932.8.3. Trichinella in animals 195


Romania 2007

2.9. ECHINOCOCCOSIS 2022.9.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2022.9.2. Echinococcosis in humans 2032.9.3. Echinococcus in animals 2042.10. TOXOPLASMOSIS 2052.10.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2052.10.2. Toxoplasmosis in humans 2052.10.3. Toxoplasma in animals 2052.11. RABIES 2062.11.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2062.11.2. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 2062.12. QFEVER 2072.12.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2072.12.2. Coxiella (Qfever) in animals 207

3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE

208

3.1. ENTEROCOCCUS, NONPATHOGENIC 2093.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2093.1.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, nonpathogenic isolates 2103.2. ESCHERICHIA COLI, NONPATHOGENIC 2113.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2113.2.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, nonpathogenic isolates 212

4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 2134.1. HISTAMINE 2144.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2144.1.2. Histamine in foodstuffs 2144.2. ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII 2154.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2154.2.2. Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs 2154.3. STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 2164.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation 2164.3.2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs 216

5. FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 218


Romania 2007

1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS

The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size and nature of theanimal population in the country.


Romania 2007 1


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2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTICAGENTS

Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals andhumans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections. Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria,fungi, parasites or other biological entities that are likely to cause zoonoses.


Romania 2007 3

2.1. SALMONELLOSIS

2.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation

A. General evaluation

History of the disease and/ or infection in the country

Salmonella have been recognized as important pathogens, Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimuriumhave accounted for the majority of cases of human salmonellosis.


Romania 2007 4

2.1.2. Salmonellosis in humansTable Salmonella in hum

ans Age distribution

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p.

Age Distribution

All

MF

All

MF

All

MF

<1 year

42

1 to 4 years

117

5 to 14 years

69

15 to 24 years

71

25 to 44 years

112

45 to 64 years

136

65 years and older

73

Age unknown

0

Total :

0 0

0 0

0 0

620

0 0


Romania 2007 5

Table Salmonella in hum

ans Seasonal distribution

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p.

Month

Cases

Cases

Cases

January

33

February

33

March

34

April

75

May

75

June

75

July

66

August

66

Septem

ber

68

October

31

Novem

ber

31

Decem

ber

33

not known

0

Total :

0 0

620


Romania 2007 6

2.1.3. Salmonella in foodstuffs

A. Salmonella spp. in eggs and egg products

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy

Sampling is compulsory for collecting and packing eggs premises and egg processing plantsand it s one sample every month for raw material and trimestrial for final products (in case oflaboratory findings, the frequency of the sampling will be reconsider till the cause it'identifieand eliminate).Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian desine by compethent authority.The food business operator also performed sampling, in autocontrol programme.

Frequency of the sampling

Eggs at egg packing centres (foodstuff based approach)

Once a month

Eggs at retail

Other: semestrial inspection base on unconformity or suspicion

Raw material for egg products (at production plant)

Once a month

Egg products (at production plant and at retail)

Other: trimestrial

Type of specimen taken


Other: surface of egg shell and white and yolk egg, enviromental samples

Eggs at retail

Other: surface of egg shell and white and yolk egg


Other: white, yolk and mixture egg


Other: final products

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)


Romania 2007 7


the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25 grams

Eggs at retail

the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25 grams


for raw material: the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25grams


for final products: the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25grams

Definition of positive finding


Foodstuff is considered to be positive when salmonella spp is isolated from a sample

Eggs at retail






Diagnostic/ analytical methods used


Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002

Eggs at retail






Preventive measures in place


Romania 2007 8

All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm, and the details are described in theSalmonella spp in breeding floks for egg production and flocks of laying hens

Control program/ mechanisms

The control program/ strategies in place

The Romanian Control Programme it's a national programme, published in Romanian OfficialJournal as Order of the President of the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authorityno 300/ 21.12.2006, yearly updated and the susceptibility testing of salmonella is a part of theprogramme.

Measures in case of the positive findings

A positive laboratory finding of Salmonella ssp it's followed by a notification by RASFF to all levels(central, regional and local).Then the all food chain it's controlled in order to identify the origin of thecontamination, if it's possible. The contaminated products are traced back and detent underrestrictions, till the results of salmonella serotyping come, and depending of the type of theSalmonella we apply different measures ( general measures : effective cleaning and disinfection of thepremises and equipment are carried out and monitoring too).

Notification system in place

Laboratory has to notify the positive result to the regional competent authority and them they notifythe food business operator.

Results of the investigation

See table Salmonella in eggs and egg products

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection

Salmonella situation in eggs and egg products has been favourable. Less than 1% of the samplesinvestigated has beed positive for Salmonella (the data included also the imports).

Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)

Salmonella situation in eggs and egg products is not consider an important source of human cases inRomania

B. Salmonella spp. in broiler meat and products thereof

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy

At slaughterhouse and cutting plant

Sampling is compulsory for all slaughterhouses and cutting plant and it s one sampleevery month (in case of laboratory findings, the frequency of the saampling will bereconsider till the cause it's identifie and eliminate).


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Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian desine by compethentauthority. The food business operator also performed sampling, in autocontrolprogramme.

At meat processing plant

Sampling is compulsory for all meat processing plant and it's one sample everysemester for raw material and for every product category. (in case of laboratoryfindings, the frequency of the sampling will be reconsider till the cause it's identifieand eliminate).Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian desine by compethentauthority. The food business operator also performed sampling, in autocontrolprogramme.

At retail

Sampling is compulsory or is not compulsory and the decision it s based on riskanalysis made it by official veterinarian on the spot, when they performe theinspections.for meat and meat products (not compulsory ): semester inspections;for restauration (resturants, catering etc not compulsory): trimestrial, semestrialinspectionsfor supermarkets, hypermarket (not compulsory):semester inspections;In case of a nonsatisfacatory outsput of the inspections ( suspicion or non conformty )the official veterinarian sampling from raw material, final products etc.Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian desine by compethentauthority.



Every in case of laboratory findings, the frequency of the saampling will be reconsidertill the cause it's identifie and eliminate months


Other: one sample every semester for raw material and for every product category

At retail

Other: for meat and meat products (not compulsory ): semester inspections;



Other: surface of carcass, enviromental samples


Other: raw material and final product


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At retail

Other: raw material and final product



The samples should be obtained after precooling, to the end of the licking line, throwthe washing technique of the carcasse in a sterile buffered peptonate water (BPW). Thecarcasses should be immersed in polietilene bags with 400 ml BPW/ 600 ml BPW. Theall liquid obtain or only a part (at least 30 ml) it s refrigerate and sent imediately to thelaboratory.


for raw material: the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25grams of each carcasse from the different placesfor final products: the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25grams of each product from the different places

At retail







At retail







At retail


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All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm, and the details are described in theSalmonella spp in broiler meat




Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases





See table Salmonella in broiler meat.


Salmonella situation in broiler meat has been favourable. Less than 1% of the samples investigatedhas beed positive for Salmonella .


Poultry meat is not consider to be an important source of human cases in Romania.

C. Salmonella spp. in turkey meat and products thereof

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy



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The Romanian Salmonella Control Programme: Sampling is compulsory for allslaughterhouses and cutting plant and it s one sample every month (in case oflaboratory findings, the frequency of the saampling will be reconsider till the causeit'identifie and eliminate).Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian desine by compethentauthority. The food business operator also performed sampling, in autocontrolprogramme


Sampling is compulsory for all meat processing plant and it's one sample everysemester for raw material and for every product category. (in case of laboratoryfindings, the frequency of the sampling will be reconsider till the cause it's identifieand eliminate).Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian desine by compethentauthority. The food business operator also performed sampling, in autocontrolprogramme.

At retail

Sampling is compulsory or is not compulsory and the decision it s based on riskanalysis made it by official veterinarian on the spot, when they performe theinspections.for meat and meat products (not compulsory ): semester inspections;for restauration (resturants, catering etc not compulsory): trimestrial, semestrialinspectionsfor supermarkets, hypermarket (not compulsory):semester inspections;In case of a nonsatisfacatory outsput of the inspections ( suspicion or non conformty )the official veterinarian sampling from raw material, final products etc.Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian desine by compethentauthority.



Once a month


Other: semestrial

At retail

Other: semestrial



Other: surface of carcass, enviromental samples


Romania 2007 13


Other: raw material and final products, enviromental samples

At retail

Other: raw material and final products, enviromental samples



The samples should be obtained after precooling, to the end of the licking line, throwthe washing technique of the carcasse in a sterile buffered peptonate water (BPW). Thecarcasses should be immersed in polietilene bags with 400 ml BPW/ 600 ml BPW. Theall liquid obtain or only a part (at least 30 ml) it s refrigerate and sent imediately to thelaboratory.



At retail







At retail







Romania 2007 14


At retail



All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm, and the details are described in theSalmonella spp in turkey









See table Salmonella in turkey meat.


The limited number of samples not allowed to evaluate the Salmonella prevalence in turkey meat andproducts thereof, anyway the Romanian Industry regarding turkey meat and products thereof it's verylimited.


Salmonella situation in turkey meat and products thereof is not consider an important source of humancases in Romania

D. Salmonella spp. in pig meat and products thereof


Romania 2007 15

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy


Sampling is compulsory for slaughterhouses and cutting plant. for slaughterhouses: it's one sample every month and suplimentary according to thespecific programmes for the establishments which perform export in third countries, for cutting plants: it's one sample every trimester for every meat category.(in case of laboratory findings, the frequency of the sampling will be reconsider till thecause will be identify and eliminate)Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian nominated bycompetent authority. The food business operator also performed sampling, inautocontrol programme.


Sampling is compulsory for all meat processing plant and it's one sample everytrimester for every product category(in case of laboratory findings, the frequency ofthe sampling will be reconsider till the cause will be identify and eliminate).Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian nominated bycompetent authority. The food business operator also performed sampling, inautocontrol programme.

At retail

Sampling is compulsory or is not compulsory and the decision it s based on riskanalysis made it by official veterinarian on the spot, when they perform theinspections. for meat and meat products (not compulsory ): semester inspections; for restauration (restaurants, catering etc not compulsory): trimestrial, semestrialinspections for supermarkets, hypermarket (not compulsory):semester inspections;In case of a unsatisfactory output of the inspections ( suspicion or non conformity ) theofficial veterinarian sampling from raw material, final products etc.Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian nominated bycompetent authority.



Every it's one sample every month and suplimentary according to the specificprogrammes for the establishments which perform export in third countries, months


Other: every trimester for every meat category.

At retail


Romania 2007 16




Other: surface of carcasses, enviromental samples


Other: all final sortiments

At retail

Other: carcass surface, fresh meat, minced meat, etc



A sample consist of 3 superficial tissue sampling and it's representing a total of 300 cmsquare, which should be obtained from the carcass after dressing but before chillingcommences (pieces of tissue may be obtained using a sterile knife by cutting a slice(square form) of 100 cm square and thickness 11.3 cm, from the following sites belly, jowl or cheek and hind limb external ham).Each sample must be placed aseptically into a plastic bag, identify, and transferred tothe laboratory in refrigerated conditiones.


for raw material:a sample consist of 3 superficial tissue sampling and it's representing atotal of 300 cm square, which should be obtained from the carcass after dressing butbefore chilling commences (pieces of tissue may be obtained using a sterile knife bycutting a slice (square form) of 100 cm square and thickness 11.3 cm, from thefollowing sites belly, jowl or cheek and hind limb external ham).Each sample must be placed aseptically into a plastic bag, identify, and transferred tothe laboratory in refrigerated conditiones.for final products: the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25grams of each product from the different places

At retail

for raw material:a sample consist of 3 superficial tissue sampling and it's representing atotal of 300 cm square, which should be obtained from the carcass after dressing butbefore chilling commences (pieces of tissue may be obtained using a sterile knife bycutting a slice (square form) of 100 cm square and thickness 11.3 cm, from thefollowing sites belly, jowl or cheek and hind limb external ham).Each sample must be placed aseptically into a plastic bag, identify, and transferred tothe laboratory in refrigerated conditiones.for final products: the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25grams of each product from the different places


Romania 2007 17






At retail







At retail



All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm, and the details are described in theSalmonella spp in pigs







Laboratory has to notify the positive result to the regional and central authority and the regional


Romania 2007 18

authority notify the food business operator.


See table Salmonella in pig meat


Even the most Salmonella strains were isolated from poultry meat (76) and from pork meat (54),which represented the main infection sources, salmonella situation in domestic pig meat has beenfavorable. Less than 1% of the samples investigated has been positive for Salmonella.


Pig meat is not consider to be an important source of human cases in Romania.

E. Salmonella spp. in bovine meat and products thereof

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy


Sampling is compulsory for slaughterhouses and cutting plant. for slaughterhouses: it's one sample every month and suplimentary according to thespecific programmes for the establishments which perform export in third countries, for cutting plants: it's one sample every trimester for every meat category.(in case of laboratory findings, the frequency of the sampling will be reconsider till thecause will be identify and eliminate)Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian nominated bycompetent authority. The food business operator also performed sampling, inautocontrol programme.


Sampling is compulsory for all meat processing plant and it's one sample everytrimester for every product category(in case of laboratory findings, the frequency ofthe sampling will be reconsider till the cause will be identify and eliminate).Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian nominated bycompetent authority. The food business operator also performed sampling, inautocontrol programme.

At retail

Sampling is compulsory or is not compulsory and the decision it s based on riskanalysis made it by official veterinarian on the spot, when they perform theinspections. for meat and meat products (not compulsory ): semester inspections; for restauration (restaurants, catering etc not compulsory): trimestrial, semestrial


Romania 2007 19

inspections for supermarkets, hypermarket (not compulsory):semester inspections;In case of a unsatisfactory output of the inspections ( suspicion or non conformity ) theofficial veterinarian sampling from raw material, final products etc.Sampling is performed by official veterinarian and veterinarian nominated bycompetent authority.



Every it's one sample every month and suplimentary according to the specificprogrammes for the establishments which perform export in third countries, months


Other: every trimester

At retail




Other: raw material, final products



A sample consist of 3 superficial tissue sampling and it's representing a total of 300 cmsquare, which should be obtained from the carcass after dressing but before chillingcommences (pieces of tissue may be obtained using a sterile knife by cutting a slice(square form) of 100 cm square and thickness 11.3 cm, from the following sites flank, brisket and rump).Each sample must be placed aseptically into a plastic bag, identify, and transferred tothe laboratory in refrigerated conditiones.


for raw material: a sample consist of 3 superficial tissue sampling and it's representinga total of 300 cm square, which should be obtained from the carcass after dressing butbefore chilling commences (pieces of tissue may be obtained using a sterile knife bycutting a slice (square form) of 100 cm square and thickness 11.3 cm, from thefollowing sites flank, brisket and rump).Each sample must be placed aseptically into a plastic bag, identify, and transferred tothe laboratory in refrigerated conditiones.for final products: the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25grams of each product from the different places


Romania 2007 20

At retail

for final products: the final sample it s obtained in laboratory and consist of at least 25grams of each product from the different places






At retail

Foodstuff is considered to be positive when salmonella spp is isolated from a samplesample






At retail



All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm, and the details are described in theSalmonella spp in bovine





A positive laboratory finding of Salmonella ssp it's followed by a notification by RASFF to all levels(central, regional and local).Then the all food chain it's controlled in order to identify the origin of thecontamination, if it's possible. The contaminated products are traced back and detent underrestrictions, till the results of salmonella serotyping come, and depending of the type of the


Romania 2007 21

Salmonella we apply different measures ( general measures : effective cleaning and disinfection of thepremises and equipment are carried out and monitoring too).




See table Salmonella in bovine meat.


Salmonella situation in domestic bovine meat has been favourable. Less than 1% of the samplesinvestigated has beed positive for Salmonella


Bovine meat is not consider to be an important source of human cases in Romania


Romania 2007 22

Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof

Source of information

Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Salmonella spp.

S. Infantis

S. Djugu

S. Virchow

S. London

S. Remo

S. Saintpaul

S. Bredeney

S. Glostrup

S. Hadar

S. Enteritidis

Meat from broilers (G

allus

gallus)

fresh

at slaughterhouse (1)

SVFSL

single

25 g

7698

752

133

21

32

114

16

minced meat

intended to be eaten

cooked

at retail

SVFSL

single

25 g

275

00

00

00

00

00

0

meat preparation


cooked

at retail

SVFSL

single

25 g

842

00

00

00

00

00

0

meat products

raw but intended to be

eaten cooked

at retail

SVFSL

single

25 g

974

00

00

00

00

00

0

cooked, readyto

eat

at retail

SVFSL

single

25 g

816

00

00

00

00

00

0


Romania 2007 23

mechanically separated meat

(MSM

) S

VFSL

single

25 g

975

00

00

00

00

00

0

Meat from turkey

fresh

at slaughterhouse

SVFSL

single

25 g

840

00

00

00

00

00

minced meat


cooked

at retail

SVFSL

single

25 g

40

00

00

00

00

00

meat preparation


cooked

at retail

SVFSL

single

25 g

410

00

00

00

00

00

meat products


eaten cooked

at retail

SVFSL

single

25 g

150

00

00

00

00

00

cooked, readyto

eat

at retail Surveillance S

VFSL

single

25 g

240

00

00

00

00

00

Meat from duck

at retail Surveillance

SVFSL

single

25 g

60

00

00

00

00

00

(1) : su

rveillence + autocheck,

slaughterhouse, processing and retailer


Romania 2007 24

Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Salmonella sp

p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Milk, cows' raw (1) SVFSL single 25 g 4007 0

intended for direct humanconsumption

SVFSL single 25g 25 0

raw milk for manufacture intended for manufacture ofraw or low heattreatedproducts

SVFSL single 25 g 3541 0

intended for manufacture ofpasteurised/ UHT products


pasteurised milk at processing plant SVFSL single 25 g 265 0

Milk, goats' raw SVFSL single 25 g 3 0



intended for manufacture ofpasteurised/ UHT products


Milk, sheep's raw SVFSL single 25 g 70 0



Cheeses made from cows' milk at processing plant (2) SVFSL single 25 g 2410 0

soft and semisoft at processing plant (3) SVFSL single 25 g 535 0

made from raw or lowheattreated milk

at processing plant (4) SVFSL single 25 g 469 0

made from pasteurisedmilk


Romania 2007 25


Cheeses made from goats' milk







Cheeses made from sheep'smilk







Dairy products (excludingcheeses)

butter made from raw or lowheattreated milk


cream made from raw or lowheattreated milk


milk powder and wheypowder


icecream at processing plant (17) SVFSL single 25 g 568 0

(1) : surveillence and autochek(2) : and retail,surveillence and retail(3) : and retail(4) : and retail(5) : and retail, surveillance and autocheck(6) : and retail surveillence and autochek(7) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck(8) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck(9) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck(10) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck(11) : and retail surveillence and autocheck(12) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck(13) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck(14) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck(15) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck(16) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck


Romania 2007 26

(17) : and retail, surveillence and autocheck


Romania 2007 27

Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof (P

art A

)


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Salmonella spp.

S. Taksony

S. Newport

S. Virchow

S. Infantis

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella spp., unspecified

S. Give

S. Kedougou

S. Ruzizi

S. Kambole

S. Rissen

S. Derby

S. London

S. Bredeney

Meat from pig

fresh


SVFSL

single

25 g

85118

300

11

32

40

54

00

35

10

minced meat

intended to be eaten raw

at processing plant (2) S

VFSL

single

25 g

430

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0


cooked


VFSL

single

25 g

4257

50

01

00

20

00

00

01

01

meat preparation



VFSL

single

25 g

247

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00


cooked


VFSL

single

25 g

2182

111

01

10

20

11

20

01

01

meat products


eaten cooked


Romania 2007 28


VFSL

single

25 g

974

30

00

00

00

00

00

01

11

cooked, readyto

eat


VFSL

single

25 g

13156

20

00

00

00

00

02

00

00


(MSM

) S

VFSL

single

25 g

41

00

00

10

00

00

00

00

0

Meat from bovine animals

fresh


SVFSL

single

25 g

5573

60

01

00

00

12

00

11

00

minced meat



VFSL

single

25 g

20

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0


cooked


VFSL

single

25 g

971

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

meat preparation



VFSL

single

25 g

200

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0


cooked


VFSL

single

25 g

1107

10

00

10

00

00

00

00

00

meat products


eaten cooked


VFSL

single

25 g

227

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

cooked, readyto

eat


VFSL

single

25 g

5528

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00


(MSM

)

at processing plant (15)

SVFSL

single

25 g

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

Meat from sh

eep

fresh


SVFSL

single

25 g

132

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00


Romania 2007 29

minced meat (17)

SVFSL

single

25 g

410

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

Meat from horse

fresh


SVFSL

single

25 g

290

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

minced meat


SVFSL

single

25 g

10

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

Other products of animal

origin

gelatin and collagen

SVFSL

single

25 g

330

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

Meat, mixed meat

Surveillance

SVFSL

single

25 g

3814

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Meat from rabbit

at gam

e handling

establishm

ent Surveillance S

VFSL

single

25 g

40

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

(1) : and processing and retail,

surveillence and autocheck

(2) : and retail, su

rveillence and autocheck











(8) : and processing and retail, su



rveillance and autocheck


rveillenca and autocheck



(12) : and reatail, surveillence and autocheck


rveillance and autochek



(15) : surveillance and autochek

(16) : and processing, retail surveillance and autochek



(18) : and processing plant and retail, su





Romania 2007 30

Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof (P

art B

)

S. Agona

Meat from pig

fresh


1

minced meat



0


cooked


0

meat preparation



0


cooked


0

meat products


eaten cooked


0

cooked, readyto

eat


0


(MSM

)

0


fresh


Romania 2007 31


0

minced meat



0


cooked


0

meat preparation



0


cooked


0

meat products


eaten cooked


0

cooked, readyto

eat


0


(MSM

)


0

Meat from sh

eep

fresh


0

minced meat (17)

0

Meat from horse

fresh


0

minced meat


0


Romania 2007 32

Other products of animal

origin

gelatin and collagen

0

Meat, mixed meat

Surveillance

0

Meat from rabbit

at gam

e handling

establishm

ent Surveillance

0

(1) : and processing and retail,

surveillence and autocheck













(8) : and processing and retail, su





rveillenca and autocheck



(12) : and reatail, surveillence and autocheck





(15) : surveillance and autochek

(16) : and processing, retail surveillance and autochek



(18) : and processing plant and retail, su





Romania 2007 33

Table Salmonella in other food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Eggs table eggs at packing centre SVFSL single 25 g 2970 0 0 0 0

at retail SVFSL single 25 g 1043 0 0 0 0

raw material (liquid egg) foregg products

SVFSL single 25 g 73 0 0 0 0

Egg products at processing plant (1) SVFSL single 25 g 434 1 1 0 0

Fishery products, unspecified at processing plant (2) SVFSL single 25 g 1485 0 0 0 0

Crustaceans unspecified raw at processing plant SVFSL single 25 g 3 0 0 0 0

Molluscan shellfish cooked at processing plant (3) SVFSL single 25 g 40 0 0 0 0

raw at processing plant (4) SVFSL single 25 g 7 0 0 0 0

Seeds, sprouted readytoeat (5) SVFSl single 25 g 4 0 0 0 0

Fruits and vegetables precut SVFSL single 25 g 180 0 0 0 0

readytoeat SVFSL single 25 g 231 0 0 0 0

Juice fruit juice unpasteurised SVFSL single 25 g 61 0 0 0 0

vegetable juice unpasteurised SVFSL single 25 g 16 0 0 0 0

Infant formula dried


Romania 2007 34

intended for infants below 6months


Foodstuffs intended for specialnutritional uses

dried dietary foods for specialmedical purposes intended forinfants below 6 months


(1) : and retail, surveillance and autochek(2) : and retail, autochek and surveillance(3) : and retail, surveillance and autochek(4) : surveillance, and retail(5) : surveillance


Romania 2007 35

2.1.4. Salmonella in animals

Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus


Sampling unit

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

S. Hadar

S. In

fantis

S. Virchow

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Footnote

Reg(EC)no 1003/ 2005 is implemented in RomaniaThe data are not available yet at the central level.


Romania 2007 36

Table Salmonella in other animals


Sampling unit

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Footnote

No data available at the central level


Romania 2007 37

2.1.5. Salmonella in feedingstuffs

Table Salmonella in feed material of animal origin


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Feed material of land animalorigin

dairy products SVFSL batch 25 g 0 0 0 0 0

meat meal SVFSL batch 25 g 1 0 0 0 0

meat and bone meal SVFSl batch 25 g 0 0 0 0 0

bone meal SVFSL batch 25 g 0 0 0 0 0

greaves SVFSL batch 25 g 0 0 0 0 0

poultry offal meal SVFSL batch 25 g 402 13 9 0 4

feather meal SVFSL batch 25 g 49 0 0 0 0

blood meal SVFSL batch 25 g 0 0 0 0 0

animal fat SVFSL batch 25 g 0 0 0 0 0

Feed material of marineanimal origin

fish meal SVFSL batch 25 g 264 0 0 0 0

fish oil SVFSL batch 25 g 0 0 0 0 0

fish silage SVFSL batch 25 g 0 0 0 0 0

other fish products SVFSL batch 25 g 4 0 0 0 0


Romania 2007 38

Table Salmonella in other feed matter


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Feed material of cereal grainorigin

barley derived SVFSL batch 25 g 1 0

wheat derived SVFSL batch 25 g 1 0

maize SVFSL batch 25 g 1 0

other cereal grain derived SVFSL batch 25 g 33 0

Feed material of oil seed orfruit origin

cotton seed derived SVFSL batch 25 g 29 0

sunflower seed derived SVFSL batch 25 g 18 0

other oil seeds derived SVFSL batch 25 g 15 0


Romania 2007 39

Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


p.

S. Typhimurium

S. Enteritidis

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Compound feedingstuffs forcattle

final product SVFSL single 25 g 23 0 0 0 0

Compound feedingstuffs forpigs

process control SVFSL single 25 g 2 0 0 0 0


Compound feedingstuffs forpoultry (non specified)

process control SVFSL single 25 g 4 0 0 0 0


Compound feedingstuffs forpoultry breeders


Compound feedingstuffs forpoultry laying hens

process control SVFSl single 25 g 3 0 0 0 0


Compund feedingstuffs forpoultry broilers


Pet food dog snacks (pig ears, chewingbones)



Romania 2007 40

2.1.6. Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution

The methods of collecting, isolating and testing of the Salmonella isolates are described in the chapters aboverespectively for each animal species, foodstuffs and humans. The serotype and phagetype distributions can beused to investigate the sources of the Salmonella infections in humans. Findings of same serovars andphagetypes in human cases and in foodstuffs or animals may indicate that the food category or animal species inquestion serves as a source of human infections. However as information is not available from all potentialsources of infections, conclusions have to be drawn with caution.


Romania 2007 41

Table Salmonella serovars in animals

Serovars

Solipeds, domestic horses

Cattle (bovine animals)

Pigs

Gallus gallus (fowl)

Other poultry

Goats

Wild boars

Sheep

Chinchillas

Foxes

Sources of isolates (*)

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num

ber of isolates in the laboratory

N=

311

64125

401

124

42

Num

ber of isolates serotyped

N=

30

110

640

125

040

01

01

024

04

02

0

Num

ber of isolates per type

S. Abortusovis

19

S. Agona

2

S. Anatum

11

S. Bredeney

3

S. Choleraesuis

26

S. Concord

2

S. Derby

1

S. Djugu

813

S. Enteritidis

2117

12

1

S. Fyris

1

S. Give

55

S. Glostrup

12

S. Hadar

11

S. Heidelberg

4

S. Inganda

4

S. Isangi

1


Romania 2007 42

S. Kaduna

2

S. Kottbus

8

S. Lexington

1

S. Livingstone

2

S. London

1

S. M

alakal

21

S. M

apo

1

S. M

ontevideo

2

S. Nam

ibia

1

S. Nigeria

1

S. Norwich

1

S. Saintpaul

11

1

S. Senftenberg

6

S. Stuttgart

3

S. Tennessee

13

S. Typhimurium

36

2313

42

1

S. Virchow

13

17

S. W

estham

pton

11

Footnote

(*) M

: Monitoring, C : Clinical


Romania 2007 43

Table Salmonella serovars in food

Serovars


Meat from pig

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus)

Other poultry

Other products of animal origin


MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num


N=

80

540

750

00

40

Num

ber of isolates serotyped

N=

80

540

750

00

40

Num


S. Agona

00

10

00

00

00

S. Bredeney

00

30

20

00

00

S. Derby

10

80

00

00

00

S. Djugu

00

00

10

00

00

S. Enteritidis (1)

00

30

160

00

40

S. Give

10

60

00

00

00

S. Glostrup

00

00

10

00

00

S. Hadar

00

00

140

00

00

S. Infantis

10

40

20

00

00

S. Kam

bole

00

20

00

00

00

S. Kedougou

20

50

00

00

00

S. London

00

20

20

00

00

S. New

port

00

10

00

00

00

S. Rem

o 0

00

01

00

00

0


Romania 2007 44

S. Rissen

10

30

00

00

00

S. Ruzizi

00

20

00

00

00

S. Saintpaul

00

00

30

00

00

S. Taksony

00

10

00

00

00

S. Typhimurium

00

80

00

00

00

S. Virchow

10

30

330

00

00

Other serotypes

10

20

00

00

00

(1) : Other products:

1 Salmonella enteritytidis egg pow

der

1 Salmonella enteritydis T

iramisu

2 Salmonella enteritidiys cakes

Footnote

(*) M



Romania 2007 45

Table Salmonella Enteritidis p

hagetypes in animals

Phagetype

Wild boars


Pigs


Other poultry

Geese

Ducks

Ostriches

Chinchillas

Foxes


MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num


N=

121

214

12

1

Num

ber of isolates phagetyped

N=

10

00

00

210

00

20

140

10

20

10

Num


Other

121

214

12

6a

1

Footnote

(*) M



Romania 2007 46

Table Salmonella Typhimurium phagetypes in animals

Phagetype


Pigs


Other poultry

Sheep

Chinchillas

Foxes


MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num


N=

36

2313

42

1

Num

ber of isolates phagetyped

N=

30

60

230

130

40

20

10

Num


other

26

2312

32

1

1 1

3 1

1

Footnote

(*) M



Romania 2007 47

2.1.7. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates

Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of certain microorganisms to survive or grow in the presence of a givenconcentration of antimicrobial agent that usually would kill or inhibit the microorganism species in question.Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains may be transferred from animals or foodstuffs to humans.

A. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in foodstuff derived from cattle

Sampling strategy used in monitoring


Samples originate from the Romanian National Programme and the autochek Programme of theestablishments.The frequency of the sampling depends of different criteria such as:the capacity/ year of the unit, the risk of the product and the category of the consumer.


Details of the sampling are described in the text Salmonella ssp in bovine meat and productsthereof.


Methods of sampling are described in the text Salmonella ssp in bovine meat and productsthereof.

Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing

One isolates from each positive batch was included.

Methods used for collecting data

Isolates were collected from regional laboratories (SVFSL )and tested in Cantacuzino C.Institute (private laboratory).

Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates

Bacteriological method: SR ISO 6579:2002

Laboratory used for detection for resistance

Antimicrobials included in monitoring

The method used it's disc diffusion; testing were performed according to NCCLS document andquality control according to the NCCLS standards.

Breakpoints used in testing

Epidemiological cut of values, based on microbiological distributions were used.


Romania 2007 48


All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm and the details are described in Salmonellassp in cattle.







Laboratory has to notify the positive result to the regional and central authority and the regionalauthority notify the food business operator.


Bovine meatThe limited number of isolates (8) allowed a limited evaluation of the resistance level in this foodcategory only. We tested for antimicrobial resistance for 8 strains from beef meat isolated from mentioned food.


The most Salmonella strains were isolated from poultry meat (76) and from pork meat (54), whichrepresented the main infection sources.Following our assessment, Salmonella strains were resistant especially to ................and sensibleto...............


The methods of collecting, isolating and testing of the Salmonella isolates are described in thechapters above respectively for each animal species, foodstuffs and humans. The serotype andphagetype distributions can be used to investigate the sources of the Salmonella infections in humans.Findings of same serovars and phagetypes in human cases and in foodstuffs or animalsmay indicate that the food category or animal species in question serves as a source of humaninfections. However as information is not available from all potential sources of


Romania 2007 49

infections,conclusions have to be drawn with caution.

B. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in foodstuff derived from pigs



Samples originate from the Romanian National Programme and the autochek Programme of theestablishments.The frequency of the sampling depends of different criteria such as:the capacity/ year of the unit, the risk of the product and the category of the consumer.


Details of the sampling are described in the text Salmonella ssp in pig meat and productsthereof.


Methods of sampling are described in the text Salmonella ssp in pig meat and products thereof.




solates were collected from regional laboratories (SVFSL )and tested in Cantacuzino C.Institute (private laboratory).

Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates

Bacteriological method: SR ISO 6579:2002







All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm and the details are described in Salmonellassp in pigs.



Romania 2007 50








We tested for antimicrobial resistance for 54 strains from pig meat isolated from mentioned food.




The methods of collecting, isolating and testing of the Salmonella isolates are described in thechapters above respectively for each animal species, foodstuffs and humans. The serotype andphagetype distributions can be used to investigate the sources of the Salmonella infections in humans.Findings of same serovars and phagetypes in human cases and in foodstuffs or animals may indicatethat the food category or animal species in question serves as a source of humaninfections. However as information is not available from all potential sources ofinfections,conclusions have to be drawn with caution.

C. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in foodstuff derived from poultry



Samples originate from the Romanian National Programme and the autochek Programme of theestablishments.


Romania 2007 51

The frequency of the sampling depends of different criteria such as:the capacity/ year of the unit, the risk of the product and the category of the consumer.


Details of the sampling are described in the text Salmonella ssp in poultry meat and productsthereof.


Methods of sampling are described in the text Salmonella ssp in poultry meat and productsthereof.




Isolates were collected from regional laboratories (SVFSL )and tested in Cantacuzino C.Institute (private laboratory).







All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm and the details are described in Salmonellassp in Gallus Gallus.





A positive laboratory finding of Salmonella ssp it's followed by a notification by RASFF to all levels(central, regional and local).Then the all food chain it's controlled in order to identify the origin of thecontamination, if it's possible. The contaminated products are traced back and detent underrestrictions, till the results of salmonella serotyping come, and depending of the type of the


Romania 2007 52

Salmonella we apply different measures ( general measures : effective cleaning and disinfection of thepremises and equipment are carried out and monitoring too).




We tested for antimicrobial resistance for 76 strains from poultry meat isolated from mentioned food.




The methods of collecting, isolating and testing of the Salmonella isolates are described in thechapters above respectively for each animal species, foodstuffs and humans. The serotype andphagetype distributions can be used to investigate the sources of the Salmonella infections in humans.Findings of same serovars and phagetypes in human cases and in foodstuffs or animals may indicatethat the food category or animal species in question serves as a source of humaninfections. However as information is not available from all potential sources ofinfections,conclusions have to be drawn with caution.


Romania 2007 53

Table Antimicrobial su

sceptib

ility testing of S. A

bortusovis in Sheep at farm

Surveillance

quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Abortusovis

Sheep at farm Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring

programme

Num

ber of isolates available in

the laboratory

Num

ber of resistant isolates (n) and num

ber of isolates with

the concentration (u/ m

l) or zone (m

m) of inhibition equal to

Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

28

15

2

Streptom

ycin

01

23

21

22

31

11

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

13

11

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

13

11

1

Ceftazidim

01

11

23

62

11

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

06

310

Enrofloxacin

03

22

48

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

21

91

41

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

11

41

12

71

Trimethoprim

01

12

21


Romania 2007 54


sceptib


gona in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Agona

Pigs at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

1

Streptom

ycin

01

1

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

02

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

02


Romania 2007 55


sceptib


gona in carcass Meat from pig chilled at

slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling


iffusion method]

S. Agona

Meat from pig carcass chilled at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance surveillance

survey objective sampling


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Enrofloxacin

161

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

11

Trimethoprim

101

01


Romania 2007 56

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Agona

n = Number of resistant isolates

S. AgonaMeat from pig

Isolates out of a monitoringprogramme

no

Number of isolatesavailable in the laboratory

1

Antimicrobials: N nAminoglycosides

Gentamicin 1Streptomycin 1

AmphenicolsChloramphenicol 1

CephalosporinsCefotaxim 1Ceftazidim 1

FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin 1Enrofloxacin 1

Fully sensitive 1 1

PenicillinsAmpicillin 1

QuinolonesNalidixic acid 1

Resistant to 1 antimicrobial 1

Resistant to 2antimicrobials

1


1


1

Resistant to >4antimicrobials

1

SulfonamidesSulfonamide 1

TetracyclinesTetracyclin 1

Trimethoprim 1


Romania 2007 57


sceptib


natum in Cattle (bovine animals) at farm

Surveillance quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Anatum

Cattle (bovine animals) at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 58


sceptib


natum in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Anatum



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 59


sceptib

ility testing of S. B

redeney in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Bredeney



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

03

11

Streptom

ycin

05

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

11

Florfenicol

02

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

12

1

Cefotaxim

01

12

Cefpodoxime

12

21

Ceftazidim

02

21

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

11

11

Enrofloxacin

02

11

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

2

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

03

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

04

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

02

1

Trimethoprim

01

11

1


Romania 2007 60

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Bredeney


S. BredeneyMeat from pig Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no no


3 2

Antimicrobials: N n N nAminoglycosides

Gentamicin 3 2Streptomycin 3 2 2


CephalosporinsCefotaxim 3 2Ceftazidim 3 2

FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin 3 2Enrofloxacin 3 2

Fully sensitive 3 3 2

PenicillinsAmpicillin 3 2 1

QuinolonesNalidixic acid 3 2

Resistant to 1 antimicrobial 3 2 1


3 2 1


3 2


3 2


3 2


TetracyclinesTetracyclin 3 2

Trimethoprim 3


Romania 2007 61


sceptib


redeney in meat products M

eat from pig

unspecified, readyto

eat at retail environmental sam

ple Surveillance surveillance survey

objective sampling quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Bredeney

Meat from pig meat products unspecified, readytoeat at retail environm

ental sam

ple S

urveillance

surveillance survey objective sampling


programme

yes

Num


the laboratory

3

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

123

02

1

Streptom

ycin

113

01

2

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

123

01

2

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

143

02

1

Ceftazidim

143

01

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

153

02

1

Enrofloxacin

163

01

11

Penicillins

Ampicillin

133

01

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

133

01

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

143

01

2

Trimethoprim

103

01

11


Romania 2007 62


sceptib


redeney in carcass Meat from broilers (G

allus gallus)

chilled at retail environmental sam

ple Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling


iffusion method]

S. Bredeney


allus g

allus) carcass chilled at retail environm

ental sam

ple S

urveillance surveillance



programme

yes

Num


the laboratory

2

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

122

01

1

Streptom

ycin

112

21

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

122

01

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

142

01

1

Ceftazidim

142

01

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

152

01

1

Enrofloxacin

162

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

132

11

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

132

02

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

142

01

1

Trimethoprim

102

11

1


Romania 2007 63


sceptib

ility testing of S. C

holeraesuis in Pigs at farm

Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Choleraesuis



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

03

110

56

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

14

Florfenicol

02

24

21

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

11

11

21

21

1

Cefotaxim

02

31

Cefpodoxime

11

12

1

Ceftazidim

01

13

16

41

Fluoroquinolones

Enrofloxacin

06

15

33

14

3

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

22

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

025

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

05

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

022

11

11

Trimethoprim

01

23

15


Romania 2007 64


sceptib

ility testing of S. C

oncord in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Concord



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

1

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1


Romania 2007 65


sceptib

ility testing of S. D

erby in Gallus gallus (fowl) and turkeys at farm


iffusion method]

S. Derby

Gallus g

allus (fowl) and turkeys at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 66


sceptib


erby in M

eat from bovine animals at slaughterhouse

animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Derby

Meat from bovine animals at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance surveillance survey

objective sampling


programme

yes

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Enrofloxacin

161

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

11


Romania 2007 67


sceptib


erby in carcass Meat from pig chilled at


abs Surveillance quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Derby


abs Surveillance


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

8

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

128

01

22

11

1

Streptom

ycin

118

43

12

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

128

01

34

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

148

01

16

Ceftazidim

148

41

21

21

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

158

01

11

23

Enrofloxacin

166

01

32

Penicillins

Ampicillin

138

01

11

12

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

138

11

11

31

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

122

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

148

75

11

1

Trimethoprim

106

02

22


Romania 2007 68

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Derby


S. DerbyMeat from pig Meat from bovine animals


no no


8 1



AmphenicolsChloramphenicol 8 1


FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin 8 1Enrofloxacin 6

PenicillinsAmpicillin 8 1




8 4 1 1


8 1 1


8 1 1


8 1


TetracyclinesTetracyclin 8 1 1

Trimethoprim 6 1


Romania 2007 69


sceptib


jugu in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Djugu

Gallus g

allus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

03

26

11

Streptom

ycin

01

43

12

21

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

03

12

1

Florfenicol

01

24

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

41

11

Cefotaxim

02

21

1

Cefpodoxime

14

11

Ceftazidim

01

11

11

21

41

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

06

12

21

1

Enrofloxacin

01

22

21

5

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

13

12

12

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

04

3

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

32

21

11

1

Trimethoprim

01

42


Romania 2007 70


sceptib


jugu in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative data

[Diffusion method]

S. Djugu



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

61

Streptom

ycin

07

1

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

41

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

13

11

1

Enrofloxacin

01

32

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

07

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

07

1


Romania 2007 71

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Djugu


S. DjuguMeat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no


1


Gentamicin 1Streptomycin 1 1



FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin 1





1


1


1 1


1

SulfonamidesSulfonamide 1 1



Romania 2007 72


sceptib


jugu in carcass Meat from broilers (G

allus gallus)

chilled at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw



iffusion method]

S. Djugu


allus g

allus) carcass chilled at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance

surveillance su

rvey objective sampling


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

11


Romania 2007 73


sceptib

ility testing of S. E

nteritidis in Chinchillas at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis

Chinchillas at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

1

Streptom

ycin

02

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

11

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1

Trimethoprim

02


Romania 2007 74


sceptib


nteritidis in Ducks at farm

Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis

Ducks at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

38

11

Streptom

ycin

02

12

13

21

2

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

14

61

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

73

12

Ceftazidim

01

62

22

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

03

92

Enrofloxacin

03

62

12

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

43

42

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

04

32

23

Trimethoprim

01

12

31

5


Romania 2007 75


sceptib


nteritidis in Foxes in total Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis

Foxes in total Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Cefotaxim

01

Cefpodoxime

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 76


sceptib


nteritidis in Ostriches at farm

Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis

Ostriches at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 77


sceptib


nteritidis in Wild boars at farm

Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis

Wild boars at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 78

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S.Enteritidis in animals


S. EnteritidisWild boars in total Surveillance

Cattle(bovineanimals)

Pigs Gallus gallus(fowl)

Turkeys Gallus gallus(fowl) layinghens

Gallus gallus(fowl) broilers


no no no no no no no


0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Antimicrobials: N n N n N n N n N n N n N nAminoglycosides

Gentamicin 1 0 16 0 5 0Streptomycin 1 0 16 0 5 2


CephalosporinsCeftazidim 1 0


Resistant to 1 antimicrobial 1 0


1 0


1 0


1 0


1 0


Romania 2007 79


sceptib


nteritidis in Geese in total Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis

Geese in total Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

1

Streptom

ycin

01

1

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

2

Ceftazidim

01

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1

Trimethoprim

02


Romania 2007 80


sceptib


nteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm


iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

02

12

21

35

22

1

Streptom

ycin

01

13

21

25

13

2

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

12

32

Florfenicol

01

11

13

71

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

14

16

13

Cefotaxim

01

11

14

Cefpodoxime

12

42

Ceftazidim

01

11

13

22

54

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

12

15

23

13

11

Enrofloxacin

01

22

13

21

22

11

12

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

21

32

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

018

21

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

22

13

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

03

21

11

43

51

Trimethoprim

01

12

14

16


Romania 2007 81

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Enteritidis


S. EnteritidisMeat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no


16


Gentamicin 16 1Streptomycin 16 1




Fully sensitive 16 1





16


16


16 1


16



Trimethoprim 6


Romania 2007 82


sceptib


nteritidis in carcass M

eat from pig chilled at




iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis





programme

yes

Num


the laboratory

3

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

123

01

11

Streptom

ycin

113

01

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

123

01

2

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

143

01

11

Ceftazidim

143

01

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

153

01

2

Enrofloxacin

161

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

133

01

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

133

01

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

123

01

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

143

02

1

Trimethoprim

101

01


Romania 2007 83


sceptib


nteritidis in Meat from broilers (G

allus gallus)

carcass at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw



iffusion method]

S. Enteritidis


allus g

allus) carcass at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance



programme

yes

Num


the laboratory

16

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

1216

11

61

71

Streptom

ycin

1118

11

21

113

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

1216

05

52

11

11

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

1416

01

113

1

Ceftazidim

1416

01

17

15

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

1516

11

11

25

51

Enrofloxacin

166

11

31

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

1316

11

51

45

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

1316

1515

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

1211

010

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

1416

01

121

11

Trimethoprim

106

01

12

2


Romania 2007 84


sceptib

ility testing of S. Fyris in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative data

[Diffusion method]

S. Fyris



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 85


sceptib

ility testing of S. G

ive in Gallus gallus (fowl) and turkeys at farm


iffusion method]

S. Give

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

31

Streptom

ycin

05

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

Florfenicol

01

11

2

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

31

Enrofloxacin

01

4

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

21

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

05


Romania 2007 86


sceptib


ive in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative data

[Diffusion method]

S. Give



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

03

11

Streptom

ycin

05

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

21

Florfenicol

02

11

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

12

1

Cefotaxim

01

12

Cefpodoxime

12

1

Ceftazidim

02

21

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

11

11

Enrofloxacin

02

11

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

03

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

04

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

05

Trimethoprim

01

11

1


Romania 2007 87


sceptib


ive in M

eat from pig at retail Surveillance

surveillance survey objective sampling quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Give

Meat from pig at retail S

urveillance surveillance survey objective sampling


programme

yes

Num


the laboratory

6

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

126

01

31

1

Streptom

ycin

116

11

12

2

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

126

01

21

2

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

146

03

21

Ceftazidim

146

11

12

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

156

01

32

Enrofloxacin

164

01

21

Penicillins

Ampicillin

136

04

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

136

01

31

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

122

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

146

66

Trimethoprim

104

01

11

1


Romania 2007 88


sceptib


ive in M

eat from bovine animals at slaughterhouse

animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Give



objective sampling


programme

yes

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

01

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

11

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

11


Romania 2007 89

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Give


S. GiveMeat from pig Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no no


6 0



AmphenicolsChloramphenicol 6 1 1

CephalosporinsCefotaxim 6 1Ceftazidim 6 1 1


Fully sensitive 6 1





6 1


6 1 1 1


6 1


6 1


TetracyclinesTetracyclin 6 6 1 1

Trimethoprim 4 0


Romania 2007 90


sceptib


lostrup in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Glostrup

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

02

Streptom

ycin

01

1

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

02

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

02


Romania 2007 91


sceptib


lostrup in Cattle (bovine animals) at farm


iffusion method]

S. Glostrup



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 92

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Glostrup


S. GlostrupMeat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no


1






Fully sensitive 1





1


1


1 1


Trimethoprim 1


Romania 2007 93


sceptib


lostrup in unspecified offa

l M

eat from broilers

(Gallus gallus) chilled quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Glostrup


allus g

allus) offal unspecified chilled


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

11

Ceftazidim

141

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

11

Enrofloxacin

161

11

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

11

Trimethoprim

101

01


Romania 2007 94


sceptib

ility testing of S. H

adar in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Hadar

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

05

42

Streptom

ycin

02

15

3

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

27

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

42

11

2

Enrofloxacin

02

32

11

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

011

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

011


Romania 2007 95

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Hadar


S. HadarMeat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no


14




CephalosporinsCefotaxim 14Ceftazidim 14 12


Fully sensitive 14





14


14 2


14 2


14 10



Trimethoprim 14 8


Romania 2007 96


sceptib


adar in M

eat from broilers (G

allus gallus) offal at

retail Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Hadar


allus g

allus) offal at retail Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

14

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

1214

06

11

51

Streptom

ycin

1114

147

33

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

1214

04

42

13

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

1414

01

12

12

33

1

Ceftazidim

1414

121

12

41

32

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

1514

81

24

12

11

2

Enrofloxacin

1614

117

21

11

2

Penicillins

Ampicillin

1314

1010

13

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

1314

1414

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

127

11

11

21

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

1414

1414

Trimethoprim

1014

88

11

13


Romania 2007 97


sceptib


eidelberg in Gallus gallus (fowl) and turkeys at farm


iffusion method]

S. Heidelberg

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

02

11

Streptom

ycin

01

11

1

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

21

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

11

1

Enrofloxacin

01

12

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

21

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

02

11


Romania 2007 98


sceptib

ility testing of S. Infantis in carcass Meat from broilers (G

allus gallus)

chilled Surveillance surveillance su

rvey objective sampling quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Infantis


allus g

allus) carcass chilled S



programme

no

Num


the laboratory

2

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

122

01

1

Streptom

ycin

112

11

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

122

02

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

142

01

1

Ceftazidim

142

21

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

152

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

132

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

132

11

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

122

11

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

142

01

1


Romania 2007 99


sceptib

ility testing of S. Infantis in M

eat from bovine animals at retail

environm

ental sam

ple Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling quantitative data

[Diffusion method]

S. Infantis

Meat from bovine animals at retail environm

ental sam

ple S



programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

01


Romania 2007 100


sceptib

ility testing of S. Infantis in intended to be eaten cooked minced meat

Meat from pig chilled at processing plant environmental sam



iffusion method]

S. Infantis

Meat from pig minced meat intended to be eaten cooked chilled at processing plant environm

ental sam

ple

Surveillance surveillance su



programme

no

Num


the laboratory

4

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

124

01

21

Streptom

ycin

114

42

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

124

01

12

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

144

02

11

Ceftazidim

144

32

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

154

01

11

1

Enrofloxacin

161

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

134

11

11

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

134

03

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

124

01

11

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

144

11

12

Trimethoprim

101

11


Romania 2007 101

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Infantis


S. InfantisMeat from pig Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) Meat from bovine animals


no no no


4 2 1

Antimicrobials: N n N n N nAminoglycosides

Gentamicin 4 2 1Streptomycin 4 4 2 1 1 1


CephalosporinsCefotaxim 4 2 1Ceftazidim 4 3 2 2 1 1

FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin 4 2 1Enrofloxacin 1

Fully sensitive 4 2 1

PenicillinsAmpicillin 4 1 2 1

QuinolonesNalidixic acid 4 2 1 1

Resistant to 1 antimicrobial 4 1 2 1


4 2 2 1 1 1


4 2 1 1


4 1 2 1


4 2 1

SulfonamidesSulfonamide 4 2 1

TetracyclinesTetracyclin 4 1 2 1

Trimethoprim 1 1


Romania 2007 102


sceptib

ility testing of S. Inganda in Cattle (bovine animals) at farm


iffusion method]

S. Inganda



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

3

Streptom

ycin

04

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

11

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

22

Ceftazidim

01

21

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

04

Enrofloxacin

01

21

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

02

2

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

02

11

Trimethoprim

01

12


Romania 2007 103


sceptib

ility testing of S. Isangi in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Isangi

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 104


sceptib

ility testing of S. K

aduna in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Kaduna



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

1

Streptom

ycin

01

1

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

02

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

02

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1


Romania 2007 105


sceptib


ambole in meat products M

eat from pig

unspecified, readyto

eat at retail environmental sam



iffusion method]

S. Kam

bole

Meat from pig meat products unspecified, readytoeat at retail environm

ental sam

ple S

urveillance

surveillance survey


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

2

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

122

11

1

Streptom

ycin

112

01

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

122

01

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

142

01

1

Ceftazidim

142

11

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

152

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

132

02

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

132

01

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

122

02

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

142

02


Romania 2007 106

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Kambole


S. KamboleMeat from pig


no


2


Gentamicin 2 1Streptomycin 2




Fully sensitive 2 1





2 1


2


2


2




Romania 2007 107

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Kedougou


S. KedougouMeat from pig Meat from bovine animals


no no


5 2






Fully sensitive 5 2





5 2 2 1


5 3 2


5 2


5 2



Trimethoprim 4 1


Romania 2007 108


sceptib


edougou in M

eat from bovine animals at cuttin

gplant environmental sam

ple Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Kedougou

Meat from bovine animals at cutting plant environm

ental sam

ple S

urveillance surveillance survey objective

sampling


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

2

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

122

01

1

Streptom

ycin

112

01

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

122

01

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

142

01

1

Ceftazidim

142

02

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

152

01

1

Enrofloxacin

161

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

132

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

132

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

142

11

1

Trimethoprim

101

11


Romania 2007 109


sceptib


edougou in M

eat from pig at slaughterhouse animal

sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance surveillance survey objective sampling quantitative data

[Diffusion method]

S. Kedougou

Meat from pig at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance surveillance survey objective

sampling


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

5

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

125

01

11

2

Streptom

ycin

115

31

11

2

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

125

01

11

2

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

145

01

12

1

Ceftazidim

145

11

11

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

155

02

21

Enrofloxacin

164

01

3

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

135

01

22

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

145

44

1

Trimethoprim

104

44


Romania 2007 110


sceptib

ility testing of S. L

exington in Cattle (bovine animals) at farm


iffusion method]

S. Lexington



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Cefotaxim

01

Cefpodoxime

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 111


sceptib


ivingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) and turkeys at farm


iffusion method]

S. Livingstone

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

1

Streptom

ycin

01

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

1

Florfenicol

01

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

11

Cefotaxim

01

1

Cefpodoxime

2

Ceftazidim

02

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1

Trimethoprim

01

1


Romania 2007 112


sceptib


ondon in Solipeds, domestic horses at farm


iffusion method]

S. London

Solipeds, domestic horses at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

02

Streptom

ycin

02

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

11

Ceftazidim

01

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

02

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1

Trimethoprim

01

1


Romania 2007 113


sceptib


ondon in carcass Meat from pig chilled at




iffusion method]

S. London





programme

no

Num


the laboratory

2

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

122

01

1

Streptom

ycin

112

11

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

122

11

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

142

01

1

Ceftazidim

142

21

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

152

01

1

Enrofloxacin

162

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

132

11

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

132

01

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

122

11

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

142

11

1

Trimethoprim

102

11

1


Romania 2007 114


sceptib


ondon in offa

l M


allus gallus)

unspecified Surveillance surveillance su


iffusion

method]

S. London


allus g

allus) offal unspecified S



programme

no

Num


the laboratory

2

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

122

21

1

Streptom

ycin

112

21

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

122

01

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

142

01

1

Ceftazidim

142

11

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

152

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

132

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

132

02

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

122

11

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

142

01

1


Romania 2007 115

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. London


S. LondonMeat from pig Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no no


2 2


Gentamicin 2 2 2Streptomycin 2 1 2 2


CephalosporinsCefotaxim 2 2Ceftazidim 2 2 2 1


Fully sensitive 2 2





2 2 1


2 2


2 2 1


2 1 2

SulfonamidesSulfonamide 2 1 2 1


Trimethoprim 2 1


Romania 2007 116


sceptib

ility testing of S. M

alakal in Solipeds, domestic horses at farm


iffusion method]

S. M

alakal

Solipeds, domestic horses at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Cefotaxim

01

Cefpodoxime

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 117


sceptib


apo in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. M

apo

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 118


sceptib


ontevideo in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm


iffusion method]

S. M

ontevideo

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

02

Streptom

ycin

01

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Cefotaxim

01

Cefpodoxime

1

Ceftazidim

01

1

Fluoroquinolones

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1


Romania 2007 119


sceptib

ility testing of S. N

amibia in Gallus gallus (fowl) and turkeys at farm


iffusion method]

S. Nam

ibia

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 120

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Newport


S. NewportMeat from pig


no


1






Fully sensitive 1





1


1


1


1



Trimethoprim 1


Romania 2007 121


sceptib


ewport in carcass Meat from pig chilled at




iffusion method]

S. New

port





programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

01


Romania 2007 122


sceptib


igeria in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Nigeria

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 123


sceptib


orwich in Pigs at farm Surveillance quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Norwich



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 124

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Remo


S. RemoMeat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no


1


Gentamicin 1Streptomycin 1




Fully sensitive 1





1


1


1


1




Romania 2007 125


sceptib

ility testing of S. R

emo in unspecified offa

l M


allus

gallus) chilled Surveillance surveillance su


iffusion

method]

S. Rem

o


allus g

allus) offal unspecified chilled S

urveillance surveillance survey objective

sampling


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

01

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

01


Romania 2007 126


sceptib


issen in carcass Meat from pig chilled at




iffusion method]

S. Rissen





programme

no

Num


the laboratory

3

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

123

02

1

Streptom

ycin

113

01

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

123

02

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

143

01

11

Ceftazidim

143

21

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

153

01

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

133

01

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

123

11

2

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

143

22

1


Romania 2007 127


sceptib


issen in M

eat from bovine animals carcass at




iffusion method]

S. Rissen

Meat from bovine animals carcass at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw




programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

01

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

01


Romania 2007 128

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Rissen


S. RissenMeat from pig Meat from bovine animals


no no


3 1




CephalosporinsCefotaxim 3 1Ceftazidim 3 2 1 1

FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin 3 1

Fully sensitive 3 1





3 1 1


3 1


3 1


3 1




Romania 2007 129

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Ruzizi


S. RuziziMeat from pig


no


2






Fully sensitive 2





2


2


2


2 2




Romania 2007 130


sceptib


uzizi in intended to be eaten cooked meat

preparation M

eat from pig chilled at retail environmental sam

ple Surveillance surveillance

survey objective sampling quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Ruzizi

Meat from pig meat preparation intended to be eaten cooked chilled at retail environm

ental sam

ple




programme

no

Num


the laboratory

2

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

122

01

1

Streptom

ycin

112

21

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

122

22

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

142

01

1

Ceftazidim

142

21

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

152

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

132

21

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

132

02

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

122

21

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

142

22


Romania 2007 131


sceptib

ility testing of S. Saintpaul in Sheep at farm

Surveillance quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Saintpaul



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 132


sceptib

ility testing of S. Saintpaul in Ducks at farm

Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Saintpaul



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 133

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Saintpaul


S. SaintpaulMeat from broilers (Gallus gallus)


no


3










3


3 3


3


3



Trimethoprim 1


Romania 2007 134


sceptib

ility testing of S. Saintpaul in carcass Meat from broilers (G

allus gallus)

chilled at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw



iffusion method]

S. Saintpaul


allus g

allus) carcass chilled at slaughterhouse animal sample carcass sw

abs Surveillance

surveillance su



programme

yes

Num


the laboratory

3

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

123

01

2

Streptom

ycin

113

02

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

123

22

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

143

02

1

Ceftazidim

143

22

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

153

03

Enrofloxacin

161

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

133

31

2

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

133

02

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

122

02

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

143

11

2

Trimethoprim

101

11


Romania 2007 135


sceptib

ility testing of S. Senftenberg in Gallus gallus (fowl) and turkeys at farm


iffusion method]

S. Senftenberg

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

12

2

Streptom

ycin

02

12

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

11

Florfenicol

02

11

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

13

1

Cefotaxim

01

11

Cefpodoxime

12

Ceftazidim

01

11

12

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

21

2

Enrofloxacin

02

11

11

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

23

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

2

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

12

11

Trimethoprim

01

22


Romania 2007 136


sceptib

ility testing of S. Stuttg

art in Pigs at farm

Surveillance quantitative

data [D

iffusion method]

S. Stuttgart



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

02

1

Streptom

ycin

03

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

03

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

11

Enrofloxacin

01

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

02

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

03


Romania 2007 137


sceptib

ility testing of S. T

aksony in intended to be eaten cooked meat

preparation M




iffusion method]

S. Taksony


ental sam

ple




programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

11

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

11


Romania 2007 138

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Taksony


S. TaksonyMeat from pig


no


1






Fully sensitive 1





1


1


1


1 1



Trimethoprim 1 1


Romania 2007 139


sceptib


ennessee in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Tennessee

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

13

33

11

Streptom

ycin

01

52

22

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

11

Florfenicol

01

12

42

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

21

41

2

Cefotaxim

02

1

Cefpodoxime

11

1

Ceftazidim

01

12

52

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

03

15

11

2

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

03

22

41

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

15

14

1

Trimethoprim

01

14

2


Romania 2007 140


sceptib


yphimurium in Poultry, unspecified at farm


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium

Poultry, unspecified at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 141


sceptib


yphimurium in Pigeons in total Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium

Pigeons in total Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

1

Streptom

ycin

01

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Cefotaxim

01

Cefpodoxime

1

Ceftazidim

01

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

1

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 142


sceptib


yphimurium in Pigs at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

21

Streptom

ycin

03

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

Florfenicol

01

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

01

11

Cefpodoxime

1

Ceftazidim

02

2

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

11

11

Enrofloxacin

02

11

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

02

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

03

2

Trimethoprim

01

1


Romania 2007 143


sceptib


yphimurium in Gallus gallus (fowl) and turkeys at

farm


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

12

111

51

1

Streptom

ycin

02

22

26

71

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

Florfenicol

01

12

11

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

12

13

Cefotaxim

01

Cefpodoxime

1

Ceftazidim

01

12

92

51

2

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

11

103

51

1

Enrofloxacin

01

22

53

27

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

33

65

41

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

14

86

12

Trimethoprim

01

14

1


Romania 2007 144


sceptib


yphimurium in Geese in total Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium

Geese in total Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 145


sceptib


yphimurium in Quails in total Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium

Quails in total Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 146

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S.Typhimurium in animals


S. TyphimuriumCattle (bovineanimals)

Pigs Gallus gallus(fowl)

Turkeys Gallus gallus(fowl) layinghens

Gallus gallus(fowl) broilers


no no no no


0 0 0 0

Antimicrobials: N n N n N n N n N n N nAminoglycosides

Gentamicin 3 0 5 0 22 3 1 0Streptomycin 3 1 5 3 22 3 1 1


Romania 2007 147


sceptib


yphimurium in Ducks at farm

Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

11

22

1

Streptom

ycin

01

11

21

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

11

1

Florfenicol

01

61

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

62

Cefpodoxime

31

Ceftazidim

02

13

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

02

31

2

Enrofloxacin

01

51

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

11

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

11

11

21

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

21

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

02

32

Trimethoprim

01

12

13


Romania 2007 148


sceptib


yphimurium in Cattle (bovine animals) at farm


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium



programme

no

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

11

Streptom

ycin

01

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

11

Florfenicol

01

11

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

11

1

Cefotaxim

01

11

Cefpodoxime

11

1

Ceftazidim

01

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

2

Enrofloxacin

01

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

11

Trimethoprim

01

11


Romania 2007 149


sceptib


yphimurium in Sheep at farm

Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

02

2

Streptom

ycin

02

2

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

04

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

04

Enrofloxacin

01

21

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

21


Romania 2007 150


sceptib


yphimurium in Foxes in total Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium

Foxes in total Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 151


sceptib


yphimurium in Chinchillas at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium

Chinchillas at farm Surveillance


programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

1

Streptom

ycin

01

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

1

Florfenicol

02

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

11

Cefotaxim

02

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

02

Enrofloxacin

01

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

01

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

1

Trimethoprim

01

1


Romania 2007 152


sceptib


yphimurium in intended to be eaten cooked meat

preparation M




iffusion method]

S. Typhimurium


ental sam

ple




programme

no

Num


the laboratory

8

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

128

11

11

22

1

Streptom

ycin

118

88

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

128

33

12

11

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

148

01

21

31

Ceftazidim

148

21

11

11

11

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

158

01

11

11

12

Enrofloxacin

161

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

138

76

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

138

03

11

21

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

128

76

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

148

76

11

Trimethoprim

101

01


Romania 2007 153

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Typhimurium


S. TyphimuriumMeat from pig


no


8






Fully sensitive 8





8 4


8 1


8 1


8



Trimethoprim 1


Romania 2007 154


sceptib

ility testing of S. V

irchow

in Gallus gallus (fowl) at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. Virchow

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

12

92

1

Streptom

ycin

010

13

11

1

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

01

12

4

Florfenicol

02

12

23

1

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

13

41

2

Cefotaxim

01

21

22

Cefpodoxime

11

12

3

Ceftazidim

01

32

91

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

03

28

12

1

Enrofloxacin

01

32

22

16

Penicillins

Ampicillin

01

31

3

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

012

31

1

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

07

1

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

010

11

13

1

Trimethoprim

010

1


Romania 2007 155


sceptib


irchow

in Cattle (bovine animals) at farm


iffusion method]

S. Virchow



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

0


Romania 2007 156


sceptib


irchow

in M

eat from bovine animals at




iffusion method]

S. Virchow



objective sampling


programme

no

Num


the laboratory

1

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

121

01

Streptom

ycin

111

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

121

01

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

141

01

Ceftazidim

141

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

151

01

Penicillins

Ampicillin

131

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

131

01

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

121

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

141

01


Romania 2007 157

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in S. Virchow


S. VirchowMeat from pig Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) Meat from bovine animals


no no no


3 33 1

Antimicrobials: N n N n N nAminoglycosides

Gentamicin 1 33 1Streptomycin 1 1 33 20 1 1


CephalosporinsCefotaxim 1 33 1Ceftazidim 1 1 33 24 1

FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin 1 33 1Enrofloxacin 1 33 0

Fully sensitive 1 33 1 1

PenicillinsAmpicillin 1 1 33 10 1

QuinolonesNalidixic acid 1 33 33 1

Resistant to 1 antimicrobial 1 33 1 1 1


1 33 7 1


1 33 8 1


1 33 6 1


1 1 33 11 1

SulfonamidesSulfonamide 1 26 11

TetracyclinesTetracyclin 1 1 33 26 1

Trimethoprim 1 1 32 2 0


Romania 2007 158


sceptib


irchow

in carcass Meat from pig chilled at




iffusion method]

S. Virchow





programme

no

Num


the laboratory

3

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

123

01

11

Streptom

ycin

113

11

11

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

123

02

1

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

143

01

11

Ceftazidim

143

31

11

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

153

01

11

Enrofloxacin

162

02

Penicillins

Ampicillin

133

11

11

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

133

01

11

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

123

01

11

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

143

11

11

Trimethoprim

102

11

1


Romania 2007 159


sceptib


irchow

in carcass Meat from broilers (G

allus gallus)

chilled at slaughterhouse animal sample neck skin Surveillance surveillance su

rvey objective

sampling quantitative data [D

iffusion method]

S. Virchow


allus g

allus) carcass chilled at slaughterhouse animal sample neck skin Surveillance



programme

no

Num


the laboratory

33

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

1233

01

14

24

79

32

Streptom

ycin

1133

201

11

27

84

22

41

Amphenicols

Chloram

phenicol

1233

03

64

42

24

53

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxim

1433

01

22

65

75

41

Ceftazidim

1433

241

15

67

41

12

13

1

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

1533

02

26

77

33

12

Enrofloxacin

1632

191

810

44

31

1

Penicillins

Ampicillin

1333

101

21

33

23

35

12

51

1

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

1333

3333

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamide

1226

111

62

22

41

12

5

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

1433

2622

22

22

12

Trimethoprim

1032

22

24

92

41

32

12


Romania 2007 160


sceptib

ility testing of S. W

estham

pton in Pigs at farm Surveillance


iffusion method]

S. W

estham

pton



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01


Romania 2007 161


sceptib

ility testing of S. W

estham

pton in Gallus gallus (fowl) and turkeys at

farm


iffusion method]

S. W

estham

pton

Gallus g



programme

Num


the laboratory

Num




l) or zone (m


Antimicrobials:

Break

point

Nn

<=6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

3334

>=35

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

01

Streptom

ycin

01

Amphenicols

Florfenicol

01

Cephalosporins

Cefoperazone

1

Ceftazidim

01

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

01

Enrofloxacin

01

Quinolones

Nalidixic acid

01

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclin

01

Trimethoprim

01


Romania 2007 162

Table Breakpoints for antibiotic resistance testing in Food

Test Method Used

Disc diffusion

Standards used for testing

NCCLS

Salmonella Standard for

breakpointBreakpoint concentration (microg/ ml) Range tested

concentration (microg/ ml)Disk content Breakpoint Zone diameter (mm)

Susceptible<=

Intermediate Resistant>

lowest highest microg Susceptible>=

Intermediate Resistant<=

AmphenicolsChloramphenicol NCCLS 30 18 13 12

Florfenicol TetracyclinesTetracyclin NCCLS 30 19 15 14

FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin NCCLS 5 21 16 15

Enrofloxacin 5 23 16

QuinolonesNalidixic acid NCCLS 30 19 14 13

Trimethoprim NCCLS 5 16 11 10


AminoglycosidesStreptomycin NCCLS 10 15 12 11

Gentamicin NCCLS 10 15 13 12

Neomycin Kanamycin NCCLS 30 18 14 13

Trimethoprim +sulfonamides

NCCLS 25 16 11 10

CephalosporinsCefotaxim 30 23 15 14

Ceftazidim 30 18 15 14

3rd generationcephalosporins

PenicillinsAmpicillin NCCLS 10 17 14 13


Romania 2007 163

2.2. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS


2.2.2. Campylobacteriosis in humans

2.2.3. Campylobacter in foodstuffs

A. Thermophilic Campylobacter in Broiler meat and products thereof

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy


According with Romanian National Specific Programme for Surveillance of Zoonoseson 2007 year.



At retail




Sampling distributed evenly throughout the year



At retail




Other: broiler carcasses and offals




Romania 2007 164

At retail




Broiler carcasses and offals.


No available data.

At retail

Broiler carcasses and offals.



Other: SR ISO 10272/ 2000,


Other: SR ISO 10272/ 2000,

At retail

Other: SR ISO 10272/ 2000,



The Romanian Control Programme it's a national programme, published in Romanian OfficialJournal as Order of the President of the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authorityno 300/ 21.12.2006, yearly updated. The susceptibility testing of Campylobacter is a part of the programme.The programme have been issued according the provisions of Reg (CE) no.2005/ 2073/ EC inorder to detect Thermophilic Camylobacter in broiler meat.


The broiler carcasses and raw meat products from broiler, intended to be eaten cooked, contaminatedwith Thermophilic Campylobacter are compulsory heat treated.Cooked meat products, readytoeat, contaminated with Thermophilic Campylobacter have beenwithdrawn from human consumption.


Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed.


Romania 2007 165


No positive cases.


Romania 2007 166

Table Campylobacter in poultry meat


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for thermophilic Cam

pylobacter sp

p.

C. coli

C. lari

C. upsaliensis

C. jejuni

Therm

ophilic Cam

pylobacter sp

p., unspecified

Meat from broilers (Gallusgallus)

SVFSL single 25 g 778 0 0 0 0 0 0

fresh at slaughterhouse (1) SVFSL single 25 g 778 0 0 0 0 0 0

(1) : + processing plant and retail, surveillance and autocheck

Footnote

The Romanian Control Programme it's a national programme, published in Romanian Official Journal as Order of thePresident of the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority no 300/ 21.12.2006, yearly updated. The susceptibility testing of Campylobacter is a part of the programme.


Romania 2007 167

2.2.4. Campylobacter in animals


Romania 2007 168

2.2.5. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates


Romania 2007 169

2.3. LISTERIOSIS


A. Listeriosis general evaluation


During the 20022006 period were isolated from meat, meat products, milk and milk products, 30strains of Listeria ssp: 8 strains L. monocytogenes (26.6%), 19 strains L.innocua (63.3%), 3 strains L.welshimeri.

Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)

There are no data available regarding Listeriosis human cases in Romania.


Romania 2007 170

2.3.2. Listeriosis in humans

2.3.3. Listeria in foodstuffs

Table Listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for L.monocytogenes

Units tested with

detection method

Listeria monocytogenes presence in x g

Units tested with

enumeration method

> detection lim

it but <

= 100 cfu/ g

L. m

onocytogenes > 100 cfu/ g

Milk, cows' SVFSL batch 25 ml 7379 2 7379 2 0

raw

intended for direct humanconsumption

SVFSL batch 25 ml 3496 0 3496 0 0

raw milk for manufacture

intended for manufacture ofraw or low heattreatedproducts

SVFSL batch 25 ml 3583 2 3583 2 0

pasteurised milk

at processing plant SVFSL batch 25 ml 300 0 300 0 0

Milk, sheep's

raw SVFSL batch 25 ml 16 0 16 0 0

Milk, goats'

raw milk for manufacture

intended for manufacture ofraw or low heattreatedproducts

SVFSL batch 25 ml 40 0 40 0 0

Cheeses made from cows' milk

soft and semisoft



at retail SVFSL batch 25 ml 939 0 939 0 0

hard






Romania 2007 171

Cheeses made from goats' milk

soft and semisoft



hard






soft and semisoft





hard






butter


cream


icecream

Surveillance SVFSL batch 25 ml 21 0 21 0 0

Footnote

* samples are from processing and retail; **samples are from surveillance and autochek;The units were tested only by detection method.


Romania 2007 172

Table Listeria monocytogenes in other foods


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for L.monocytogenes

Units tested with

detection method

Listeria monocytogenes presence in x g

Units tested with

enumeration method

> detection lim

it but <

= 100 cfu/ g

L. m

onocytogenes > 100 cfu/ g

Meat from broilers (Gallusgallus)

fresh SVFSL batch 25 g 2788 5 2788 5 0

meat products

cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant SVFSL batch 25 g 295 0 295 0 0

mechanically separated meat(MSM)

Surveillance SVFSL batch 25 g 106 0 106 0 0

Meat from pig


meat products

cooked, readytoeat


minced meat

Survey SVFSL batch 25 g 893 0 893 0 0



meat products

cooked, readytoeat


Fish

smoked


raw

Surveillance SVFSL batch 25 g 1148 0 1148 0 0

Molluscan shellfish

cooked


Foodstuffs intended for specialnutritional uses

SVFSL batch 25 g 8 0 8 0 0


Romania 2007 173

Footnote

* samples are from processing and retail;**samples are from surveillance and autochek;The units were tested only by detection method


Romania 2007 174

2.3.4. Listeria in animals


Romania 2007 175

2.4. E. COLI INFECTIONS


2.4.2. E. Coli Infections in humans

2.4.3. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs

Table VT E. coli in food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC)

Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) VTEC O157

Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) VTEC nonO157

Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) VTEC, unspecified

Meat from bovine animals fresh at slaughterhouse (1) SVFSL single 25 g 1890 0 0 0 0

minced meat intended to be eaten raw at processing plant (2) SVFSL single 25 g 58 0 0 0 0

(1) : processing plant and retail(2) : processing plant and retail


Romania 2007 176

2.4.4. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals


Romania 2007 177

2.5. TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES


2.5.2. Tuberculosis, Mycobacterial Diseases in humans

2.5.3. Mycobacterium in animals

A. Mycobacterium bovis in bovine animals

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy

Tuberculosis is a disease obligatory notification in Romania. In Romania, programme oftuberculosis eradication complies with the provisions of Council Directive 64/ 432/ EEC,transposed into Romanian. All animals slaughtered for human consumption are inspectedpostmortem by an official veterinarian. Suspicious lesions are sampled for histological andbacteriological examination.


Compulsory tuberculin testing all bovine over six weeks old, from the whole territory ofRomania, twice per year with a single dermal test.The programme of regular tuberculin testing is supplemented by veterinarian inspection ofbovine during routine meat production at slaughterhouses. Animals with suspect lesions aretraced back to the herd of origin, which then subjected to tuberculin check testing.

Case definition

Definition of cases:A positive case is an animal with a positive result of the comparative skin test, in whichMycobacterium bovis or M. tuberculosis were isolated, or an animal with a positive postmortem examination result confirmed by a laboratory.A holding is defined as infected if Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from an animal of theholding.


single intradermal skin test used for routine testing; comparative intradermal skin test; inspection of carcasses at slaughterhouses; histological examination; bacteriological examination; Guineapigs.




Romania 2007 178

The monitoring of tuberculosis in bovine populations from Romania have been continuous andsustained, while control and eradication of disease was included in the „Strategic programmefor the surveillance, prevention and control of transmissible animal diseases from animals tohumans, animal protection and environment”, updated every year and approved throughPresident Order of the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, consisting inthe intradermic tuberculin test, for detecting positive animals and the qualification of theirhealth status.Until 2002, were subjected to the tuberculin test all bovine animals over six months old and,beginning with 2003, all bovine over six weeks old, from the whole territory of Romania, twiceper year with a single intradermal test. All animals given inconclusive or positive results havebeen subjected to an intradermal comparative test and, in case of positive result, have beenslaughtered and organ samples collected for laboratory investigations.In order to eradicate the tuberculosis, it is necessary to eliminate animals tested positively forthe intradermal comparative test.Following to actions carried out for the control and eradication of the tuberculosis somecounties were register –ed a continuous decrease of incidence of bovine tuberculosis.


Isolate the infected animals or animals suspected of infection, within the livestock; Put the livestock under official veterinary surveillance; All at least 6 weeks old bovine animals native of tuberculose positive herds should be tuberculintested; Bovine animals could be taken out from the herd only for slaughter; Desinfection.


See the table for the Romanian programme of tuberculosis eradication.


The annual incidence rate, which was 5.73% in 1990, was lower than 0.2% in 2006. The downwardtrend of the annual herd rtes of prevalence and incidence confirms the favorable evolution of thesituation.


Romania 2007 179

Table Bovine tuberculosis data on herds Com

munity cofin

anced eradication programmes

Region

Total num

berTotal num

ber

of

Num

ber of

herds

Num

ber of

positive

Num

ber of

new

Num

ber of

herds

% positive

herds

Indicators

of herds

herds u

nder

the

programme

checked

herds

positive herds

depopulated

depopulated

% herd

coverage

% positive

herds period

herd prevalence

% new

positive

herds herd

incidence

Whole country

1248595

783557

781417

420

293

230

54.762

99.727

0.054

0.037

Total

1248595

783557

781417

420

293

230

54.762

99.727

0.054

0.037

Total 1


Romania 2007 180

Table Bovine tuberculosis data on animals Com

munity cofin


Region

Total num

ber

of animals

Num

ber of

animals to be

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

positive

Slaughtering

Indicators

tested under

the programme

tested

tested

individually

animals

Num

ber of

animals w

ithpositive result

slaughtered or

culled

Total num

ber of

animals

slaughtered

% coverage at

animal level

% positive

animals animal

prevalence

Whole country

2544715

1572831

1561686

1561686

605

605

233259

99.291

0.039

Total

2544715

1572831

1561686

1561686

605

605

233259

99.291

0.039

Total 1


Romania 2007 181

Table Bovine tuberculosis data on status of herds at the end of the period C

ommunity cofin

anced

eradication programmes

Region

Status of herds and animals u

nder the programme

Total num

ber of

herds and

Unknown

Not free or not officially free

Free or officially

free su

spended

Free

Officially free

animals u

nder the

programme

Last check positive Last check negative

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Whole country

783557

1572831

51

72

110

186

2803

3718

1232099

2576498

Total

783557

1572831

51

72

110

186

2803

3718

0 0

0 0

1232099

2576498

Total 1


Romania 2007 182

Table Bovine tuberculosis in countries and regions that do not receive Com

munity cofin

ancing for

eradication programmes

Region

Total num

ber of

existin

g bovine

Officially free

herds

Infected herds

Routin

e tuberculin

testing

Num

ber of tuberculin

tests carried out

before the

introduction

Num

ber of animals

with

suspicious

lesions of tuberculosis

Num

ber of animals

detected positive in

bacteriological

exam

ination

Herds

Animals

Num

ber of

herds

%

Num

ber of

herds

%

Interval

between

routine

tuberculin

tests (*)

Num

ber of

animals

tested

into the herds (Annex

A(I)(2

)(c) third

indent (1) of

Directive 64/ 432/

EEC)

exam

ined and

subm

itted to

histopathological and

bacteriological

exam

inations

Whole country

1248595

2544715

1232099

98.679

420

0.034

1561686

605

172

Total

1248595

2544715

1232099

98.679

420

0.034

1561686

0 605

172

(*) L

egend:

In colum

n "Interval between routine tuberculin tests" use the following numeric codes: (0) no routine tests; (1) tests once a year; (2) tests each two years; (3) tests

each three years concerning 24 monthold animals; (4) tests each 4 years; (5) others (please give details).


Romania 2007 183

2.6. BRUCELLOSIS


2.6.2. Brucellosis in humans

2.6.3. Brucella in foodstuffs

2.6.4. Brucella in animals


Romania 2007 184

Table Bovine brucellosis data on herds Com

munity cofin


Region

Total num

berTotal num

ber

of

Num

ber of

herds

Num

ber of

positive

Num

ber of

new

Num

ber of

herds

% positive

herds

Indicators

of herds

herds u

nder

the

programme

checked

herds

positive herds

depopulated

depopulated

% herd

coverage

% positive

herds period

herd prevalence

% new

positive

herds herd

incidence

Whole country

0 0

0

Total

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

Total 1


Romania 2007 185

Table Bovine brucellosis data on animals Com

munity cofin


Region

Total num

ber

of animals

Num

ber of

animals to be

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

positive

Slaughtering

Indicators

tested under

the programme

tested

tested

individually

animals

Num

ber of

animals w

ithpositive result

slaughtered or

culled

Total num

ber of

animals

slaughtered

% coverage at

animal level

% positive

animals animal

prevalence

Whole country

0 0

Total

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0

Total 1


Romania 2007 186

Table Bovine brucellosis in countries and regions that do not receive Com

munity cofin

ancing for

eradication programme

Region

Total num

ber

of

Officially free

herds

Infected

herds

Surveillance

Investigations of suspect cases

existin

gbovine

Serological tests

Examination of bulk

milk samples

Inform

ation about

abortions

Epidemiological investigation

Herds

Animals

Num

ber of

herds

%

Num

ber of

herds

%

Num

ber of

bovine

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

infected

Num

ber of

bovine

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

infected

Num

ber of

notified

Num

ber of

isolations

Num

ber of

abortions

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

suspended

Num

ber of positive animals

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

animals

herds tested

tested

herds tested

herds tested

or pools tested

herds

abortions

whatever cause

of Brucella

infection

due to Brucella

abortus

tested with

serological

blood tests

herds

Serologically

BST

exam

ined

microbio

logically

positive

microbio

logically

Whole country

1248595

2544715

1228970

98.428

0 1105897

1105897

Total

1248595

2544715

1228970

98.428

0 0

0 1105897

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 1105897

0 0

0 0

0


Romania 2007 187

Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis data on herds Com

munity cofin


Region

Total num

berTotal num

ber

of

Num

ber of

herds

Num

ber of

positive

Num

ber of

new

Num

ber of

herds

% positive

herds

Indicators

of herds

herds u

nder

the

programme

checked

herds

positive herds

depopulated

depopulated

% herd

coverage

% positive

herds period

herd prevalence

% new

positive

herds herd

incidence

Whole country

0 0

0 0

Total

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

Total 1


Romania 2007 188

Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis data on animals Com

munity cofin

anced eradication

programmes

Region

Total num

ber

of animals

Num

ber of

animals to be

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

positive

Slaughtering

Indicators

tested under

the programme

tested

tested

individually

animals

Num

ber of

animals w

ithpositive result

slaughtered or

culled

Total num

ber of

animals

slaughtered

% coverage at

animal level

% positive

animals animal

prevalence

Whole country

0 0

Total

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0

Total 1


Romania 2007 189

Ovine or Caprine Brucellosis in countries and regions that do not receive Com

munity cofin

ancing for

eradication programme

Region

Total num

ber of

existin

g ovine /

caprine

Officially free herds

Infected herds

Surveillance

Investigations of suspect cases

Herds

Animals

Num

ber of herds

%

Num

ber of herds

%

Num

ber of herds

tested

Num

ber of animals

tested

Num

ber of infected

herds

Num

ber of animals

tested with

serological

blood tests

Num

ber of animals

positive serologically

Num

ber of animals

exam

ined microbio

logically

Num

ber of animals

positive microbio

logically

Num

ber of su

spended

herds

Whole country

538872

10566576

0 2976

0.552

344195

2976

344195

2976

Total

538872

10566576

0 0

2976

0.552

0 344195

2976

344195

2976

0 0

0


Romania 2007 190

2.7. YERSINIOSIS


2.7.2. Yersiniosis in humans

2.7.3. Yersinia in foodstuffs

2.7.4. Yersinia in animals


Romania 2007 191

2.8. TRICHINELLOSIS


A. Trichinellosis general evaluation


In Romania there are not regions or holding official free of trichinelosis. In general Trichinella spiraliswas detected in pigs belong to the small holdings (individual backyards), wild boars and bears.


In 2007 year were detected 62 positive cases in fattening pigs raised under controlled housingconditions in integrated production system and 515 positive cases in fattening pigs not raised undercontrolled housing conditions in integrated production, 31 positive cases in wild boars and 8 positivecases in bears.The number of positive cases of Trichinella spiralis in humans was 432 cases in total .

Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)

The main sources of infection in humans with Trichinella spiralis were pork meat and productsthereof (raw meat products household) and wild boar meat.

Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses

The Romanian National Programme for Surveillance of Zoonoses on 2007 year was issued accodingwith the provisions of Regulation 2005/ 2075/ EC in order to control the Trichinelosis.


Romania 2007 192

2.8.2. Trichinellosis in humans

A. Trichinellosis in humans

Reporting system in place for the human cases

Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed and ECDC

Case definition

During the 2007 year a total number of 432 positive cases of Trichinella spiralis in humans wereregistered


ELISA




432 positive cases for trichinelosis in humans were registered in 2007 year.

Description of the positive cases detected during the reporting year

During the 2007 year a total number of 432 positive cases of Trichinella spiralis in humans wereregistered.


Romania 2007 193

Table Trichinella in hum

ans Age distribution

Trichinella sp

p.

Age Distribution

All

MF

<1 year

2

1 to 4 years

26

5 to 14 years

73

15 to 24 years

65

25 to 44 years

154

45 to 64 years

81

65 years and older

31

Age unknown

Total :

432

0 0

Footnote

Information Source resource: C

enter for Transmisible Zoonoses to Hum

ans Bucharest (hospitals)


Romania 2007 194

2.8.3. Trichinella in animals

A. Trichinella in pigs

Number of officially recognised Trichinellafree holdings

No available data.

Categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinellafree

No available data.

Officially recognised regions with negligible Trichinella risk

No available data.

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy

General

Sampling is compulsory for all pigs slaughtered, intended to human consumption freshpork meat, preparation pork meat and raw products obtained from pork meat placed onthe market.The trichinelosis exam is performed for: each slaughtered pig, fresh pork meat,preparation pork meat and raw products obtained from pork meat placed on the market.

For Trichinella free holdings


For categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinellafree


For regions with negligible Trichinella risk



Romania 2007 195


General



Sampling is compulsory for all pigs slaughtered, intended to human consumption freshpork meat, preparation pork meat and raw products obtained from pork meat placed onthe market, in order to detect Trichinella spiralis.The trichinelosis exam is performed for: each slaughtered pig, fresh pork meat,preparation pork meat and raw products obtained from pork meat placed on the market.


Sampling is compulsory for all pigs slaughtered, intended to human consumption freshpork meat, preparation pork meat and raw products obtained from pork meat placed onthe market, in order to detect Trichinella spiralis.The trichinelosis exam is performed for: each slaughtered pig, fresh pork meat,preparation pork meat and raw products obtained from pork meat placed on the market.


General

pork meat (diafragm)








General

according with the provisions of Regulation 2005/ 2075/ EC, in order to detectTrichinella spiralis.



Romania 2007 196






Case definition

General

No available data.


No available data.


No available data.


No available data.


General

Trichinelosis exam (direct microscopic method)on individual samples.Artificial diggestion method (on colective samples) in slaughterhouses









Romania 2007 197

Sampling is compulsory for all pigs slaughtered, intended to human consumption fresh pork meat,preparation pork meat and raw products obtained from pork meat placed on the market, in order todetect Trichinella spiralis and to avoid human trichinelosis.



The Romanian Control Programme it's a national programme, published in Romanian OfficialJournal as Order of the President of the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authorityno 300/ 21.12.2008, yearly updated which is according with the provisions of Regulation 2005/ 2075/ EC, in order to detect Trichinella spiralis.


Pig meat contaminated with Trichinella spiralis have been withdrawn from human consumtion andsent to the rendering establishments, in order to avoid human trichinelosis.

The contingency plan in place

No available data.



Results of the investigation including description of the positive cases and the verificationof the Trichinella species

see the prevalance table in animals

Fattening pigs raised under controlled housing conditions in integrated productionsystem


Fattening pigs not raised under controlled housing conditions in integratedproduction system


Breeding sows and boars



During the year 2007, in Romania were detected a total number of 577 positive cases of Trichinellaspiralis, from which: 62 positive cases from 1.711.526 analysed fattening pigs raised under controlled housing conditionsin integrated production system. 515 positive cases from 441.174 analysed fattening pigs non raised under controlled housing


Romania 2007 198

conditions in integrated production system (backyards)


The majority cases of trichinellosis detected to humans are related to the positive cases registered infattening pigs coming from non controlled housing conditions in integrated system (backyards).

B. Trichinella in horses

Monitoring system

Sampling strategy

Sampling is compulsory for all slaughtered horses, intended to human consumption, in order todetect Trichinella spiralis.The analysis is performed only by artificial diggestion method, for each horse carcass atslaughterhouse.


Sampling is compulsory for all slaughtered horses, intended to human consumption, inorder to detect Trichinella spiralis.The analysis is performed only by artificial diggestion method, for each horse carcassat slaughterhouse.


The analysis is performed only by artificial diggestion method, for each horse carcass atslaughterhouse.


horse meat


Sample is prepared in the laboratory and consist in 10 grames of horse meat.

Case definition

No positive cases in 2007.


Artificial diggestion.



The Romanian Control Programme it's a national programme, published in Romanian Official


Romania 2007 199

Journal as Order of the President of the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authorityno 300/ 21.12.2008, yearly updated which is according with the provisions of Regulation 2005/ 2075/ EC, in order to detect Trichinella spiralis.


A positive laboratory finding of Trichinella ssp it's followed by a notification by RASFF to all levels(central, regional and local).The positive horse meat have been withdrawn from human consumationand sent to ABP units.


Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed


No positive samples in 2007 year.


Romania 2007 200

Table Trichinella in animals


Sampling unit

Units tested

Total units positive for Trichinella sp

p.

T. spiralis

Trichinella sp

p., unspecified

Pigs (1) SVFSL slaughter batch 2190607 577 0 577

fattening pigs raised under controlledhousing conditions inintegrated productionsystem

SVFSL slaughter batch 1711526 62 0 62

not raised under controlledhousing conditions inintegrated productionsystem

SVFSL slaughter batch 441174 515 0 515

breeding animals unspecified sows and boars SVFSL slaughter batch 37907 0 0 0

Solipeds, domestic SVFSL slaughter batch 15682 0 0 0

horses SVFSL slaughter batch 15682 0 0 0

Wild boars wild SVFSL slaughter batch 4371 31 0 31

Bears SVFSL slaughter batch 63 8 0 8

(1) : slaughter and farm


Romania 2007 201

2.9. ECHINOCOCCOSIS


A. Echinococcus spp. general evaluation


There are not available data.


There are not available data.


Romania 2007 202

2.9.2. Echinococcosis in humans

A. Echinococcus spp. in humans

Reporting system in place for the human cases

No available data at the national level.


Romania 2007 203

2.9.3. Echinococcus in animals

Table Echinococcus in animals


Sampling unit

Units tested

Total units positive for Echinococcus spp.

E. granulosus

E. m

ultilocularis

Echinococcus spp., unspecified

Cattle (bovine animals) (1) LSVFS* herd 73631 5462 217 3634 1611

Sheep (2) LSVFS* slaughter batch 33066 3676 190 2276 1210

Goats LSVFS animal 1378 212 0 3 209

Pigs (3) LSVFS* slaughter batch 1711526 10245 455 5279 4511

Solipeds, domestic LSVFS slaughter batch 267 0 0 0 0

Dogs LSVFS* animal 4035 1832 1718 61 53

Wild boars Surveillance LSVFS* animal 415 0 0 0 0

(1) : herd and slaughter (2) : herd (3) : herd and slaughter

Footnote

*Laboratory Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety county level** the samples are from animal health and veterinary public health (slaughterhouses) surveillance Programme


Romania 2007 204

2.10. TOXOPLASMOSIS


2.10.2. Toxoplasmosis in humans

2.10.3. Toxoplasma in animals


Romania 2007 205

2.11. RABIES


2.11.2. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals


Romania 2007 206

2.12. QFEVER


2.12.2. Coxiella (Qfever) in animals


Romania 2007 207

3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE


Romania 2007 208

3.1. ENTEROCOCCUS, NONPATHOGENIC



Romania 2007 209

3.1.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, nonpathogenic isolates


Romania 2007 210

3.2. ESCHERICHIA COLI, NONPATHOGENIC



Romania 2007 211

3.2.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, nonpathogenic isolates


Romania 2007 212

4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS


Romania 2007 213

4.1. HISTAMINE


4.1.2. Histamine in foodstuffs

Table Histamine in food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units in non conform

ity

<= 100 mg/ kg

>100 <=

200 mg/ kg

>200 <=

400 mg/ kg

> 400 mg/ kg

Fish

Fishery products from fishspecies associated with a highamount of histidine notenzyme maturated

SVFSL single 10 g 276 0 274 2 0 0

Footnote

*surveillance and autochek **fish species from Scrombidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Coryfenidae, Pomatomidae, Scombresosidae


Romania 2007 214

4.2. ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII


4.2.2. Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs


Romania 2007 215

4.3. STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS


4.3.2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs

Table Staphylococcal enterotoxins in food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Staphylococcal enterotoxins

Cheeses made from cows' milk SVFSL batch 913

soft and semisoft SVFSL batch 580

made from pasteurised milk SVFSL batch 0


SVFSL batch 580

hard SVFSL batch 333


SVFSL batch 0


Cheeses made from goats' milk SVFSL batch 19



SVFSL batch 0


hard SVFSL batch 19


SVFSL batch 0



SVFSL batch 79



SVFSL batch 3


Romania 2007 216


hard SVFSL batch 18


SVFSL batch 2



SVFSL batch 131

milk powder and whey powder SVFSL batch 131


Romania 2007 217

5. FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS

Foodborne outbreaks are incidences of two or more human cases of the same disease or infection where thecases are linked or are probably linked to the same food source. Situation, in which the observed human casesexceed the expected number of cases and where a same food source is suspected, is also indicative of afoodborne outbreak.

A. Foodborne outbreaks

System in place for identification, epidemological investigations and reporting offoodborne outbreaks

Romanian National Programme for Surveillance of Zoonoses on 2007 year, Rapid Alert System forFood and Feed, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority Order no. 34/ 2006,whichtransposed Directive 2003/ 99/ EC.The municipal public health authorities are responsible for detecting,preventing diseases related to food and water and for notifying to the other authorities involved. Illpersons and the overall epidemiologicalinvestigation are the responsibilities of the regional authorities (public health and veterinary publichealth authorities).

Description of the types of outbreaks covered by the reporting:

In general household outbreaks followed by general outbreaks.The following results (table) include food borne outbreaks notified in the framework of mandatorynotification.

National evaluation of the reported outbreaks in the country:

Trends in numbers of outbreaks and numbers of human cases involved

In 2007, a total number of 42 food borne outbreaks were reported under the mandatorynotification system. The causative agent was laboratory confirmed. The causative agent wasidentified based on epidemiological and laboratory findings.

Relevance of the different causative agents, food categories and the agent/ foodcategory combinations

The causative agent was isolated in the incriminated foodstuff or epidemiologically suspected(table). Trichinella was the most frequently identified agent in food borne disease outbreaksfollowed by Staphilococus aureus.

Relevance of the different type of places of food production and preparation inoutbreaks

Most of the outbreaks were reported to be linked to the private household and the mostimportant factors contributing to food borne disease outbreaks reported were contamination offood through the use of contaminated raw material or transmitted by infected persons.

Control measures or other actions taken to improve the situation


Romania 2007 218

All the control measures are described in Romanian Control Programme which it's a nationalprogramme, published in Romanian Official Journal as Order of the President of the NationalSanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority no 300/ 21.12.2006 and yearly updated.


Romania 2007 219


Foodborne Outbreaks: summarized data

0 0 0Bacillus

0 0 0Campylobacter

5 0 5Clostridium

0 0 0Escherichia coli, pathogenic

0 0 0Foodborne viruses

0 0 0Listeria

0 0 0Other agents

17 0 17Parasites

5 0 5Salmonella

10 0 10Staphylococcus

5 5 0Unknown

0 0 0Yersinia

Total number ofoutbreaks

Number of possibleoutbreaks

Number of verifiedoutbreaks

Romania 2007


Verified Foodborne Outbreaks: detailed data

C. botulinum

Code

Subagent Choice

HouseholdOutbreak type

1Human cases

1Hospitalized

0Deaths

Fish and fish productsFoodstuff implicated

fish tin suspicionedtested =negative

More Foodstuff

Laboratory detection in human casesType of evidence

Take-away or fast-food outletSetting

Processing plantPlace of origin of problem

Imported from outside EUOrigin of foodstuff

Inadequate heat treatmentContributory factors

1Outbreaks

toxin E - human testComment

Value

Romania 2007 1


C. botulinum

Code

Subagent Choice


1Human cases

1Hospitalized

0Deaths

Pig meat and products thereofFoodstuff implicated

pate,a traditional product with cabbage and meat cooked home,pate = negative

More Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting

Household, domestic kitchenPlace of origin of problem

DomesticOrigin of foodstuff


1Outbreaks

toxin B-human testComment

Value

Romania 2007 2


C. botulinum

Code

Subagent Choice


1Human cases

1Hospitalized

0Deaths


pig meat (backyard)the sample was negative

More Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting



Cross-contaminationContributory factors

1Outbreaks


Value

Romania 2007 3


C. botulinum

Code

Subagent Choice


2Human cases

2Hospitalized

0Deaths


pig meat - pork ham (backyard)the sample was negative

More Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

toxin B - human testsComment

Value

Romania 2007 4


C. botulinum

Code

Subagent Choice


1Human cases

1Hospitalized

0Deaths


pig meat (backyard)the sample was negative

More Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Value

Romania 2007 5


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


4Human cases

4Hospitalized

0Deaths


backyard pigMore Foodstuff

Laboratory detection in implicated foodType of evidence

HouseholdSetting



Unprocessed contaminated ingredientContributory factors

1Outbreaks

not official controledfamilly consume

Comment

Value

Romania 2007 6


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


4Human cases

4Hospitalized

0Deaths


sauseges prepard from meat backyard pigMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 7


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


3Human cases

3Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 8


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


2Human cases

2Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 9


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


2Human cases

2Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 10


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice

GeneralOutbreak type

10Human cases

10Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 11


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


18Human cases

18Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

not official controledfamilly consume and neighborowghs

Comment

Value

Romania 2007 12


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


5Human cases

5Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

not official controledfamilly consumeComment

Value

Romania 2007 13


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


18Human cases

18Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

not official controledfamilly consume and neighbourowsComment

Value

Romania 2007 14


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


21Human cases

21Hospitalized

0Deaths


wild boarMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

not official controledfamilly consume and neighbourowsComment

Value

Romania 2007 15


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


13Human cases

13Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

not official controledComment

Value

Romania 2007 16


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


8Human cases

8Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Value

Romania 2007 17


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


1Human cases

1Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 18


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


14Human cases

14Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 19


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


8Human cases

8Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 20


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


3Human cases

3Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Comment

Value

Romania 2007 21


Trichinella

Code

Subagent Choice


5Human cases

5Hospitalized

0Deaths




HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Value

Romania 2007 22


S. Enteritidis

Code

Subagent Choice


30Human cases

10Hospitalized

0Deaths

Cereal products including rice and seeds/pulses (nuts, almonds)Foodstuff implicated

wheat productMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting



UnknownContributory factors

1Outbreaks

private reunionComment

Value

Romania 2007 23


S. Enteritidis

Code

Subagent Choice


10Human cases

10Hospitalized

0Deaths

Mixed or buffet mealsFoodstuff implicated

wheat productMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks


Value

Romania 2007 24


S. Enteritidis

Code

Subagent Choice


60Human cases

34Hospitalized

0Deaths

Sweets and chocolateFoodstuff implicated

cakesMore Foodstuff


Restaurant, Cafe, Pub, Bar, HotelSetting

Catering services, restaurantPlace of origin of problem

Intra community tradeOrigin of foodstuff

Infected food handlerContributory factors

1Outbreaks

Comment

Value

Romania 2007 25


S. Enteritidis

Code

Subagent Choice


49Human cases

43Hospitalized

0Deaths

Sweets and chocolateFoodstuff implicated

cheese puddingMore Foodstuff


School, kindergartenSetting




1Outbreaks

Comment

Value

Romania 2007 26


S. Typhimurium

Code

Subagent Choice


120Human cases

30Hospitalized

0Deaths


meat productsMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting



Contributory factors

1Outbreaks


Value

Romania 2007 27


S. aureus

Code

Staphylococcus; S. aureus; S. aureus enterotoxinsSubagent Choice


4Human cases

4Hospitalized

0Deaths

Dairy products (other than cheeses)Foodstuff implicated

sour milk, raw milk tested,More Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

Staphiloccocus MastitisComment

Value

Romania 2007 28


S. aureus

Code



3Human cases

3Hospitalized

0Deaths

CheeseFoodstuff implicated

sheep soft cheeseMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

Staphiloccocus coagulazo-pozitiveComment

Value

Romania 2007 29


S. aureus

Code

Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus spp., unspecifiedSubagent Choice


5Human cases

5Hospitalized

0Deaths

Dairy products (other than cheeses)Foodstuff implicated

sheep soft cheeseMore Foodstuff


Mobile retailer, market/street vendorSetting

Retail sale outletPlace of origin of problem



1Outbreaks

Infected worker (hands)Comment

Value

Romania 2007 30


S. aureus

Code

Subagent Choice


7Human cases

7Hospitalized

0Deaths


soft goat and cow cheeseMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

StaphiloccocusComment

Value

Romania 2007 31


S. aureus

Code

Subagent Choice


2Human cases

2Hospitalized

0Deaths


soft goat cheeseMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

Staphiloccocus coagulazo-positive - coprological test pozitive and soft goat cheesepositive

Comment

Value

Romania 2007 32


S. aureus

Code



14Human cases

14Hospitalized

0Deaths

Mixed or buffet mealsFoodstuff implicated

mixed meniu and extra meniuMore Foodstuff


School, kindergartenSetting




1Outbreaks

infected food contaminated by the workers with Staphiloccocus coagulazo-positive,Sallmonella enteritidis E coli enetropathogenic O33,Comment

Value

Romania 2007 33


S. aureus

Code

Subagent Choice


7Human cases

7Hospitalized

0Deaths


goat and cow chesseMore Foodstuff

Type of evidence

HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

Staphiloccocus coagulazo-positiveComment

Value

Romania 2007 34


S. aureus

Code

Subagent Choice


10Human cases

6Hospitalized

0Deaths

Cereal products including rice and seeds/pulses (nuts, almonds)Foodstuff implicated

wheatproduct

More Foodstuff


Other settingSetting

Other place of originPlace of origin of problem



1Outbreaks

Staphiloccocus coagulazo-positive -Comment

Value

Romania 2007 35


S. aureus

Code

Subagent Choice


1Human cases

1Hospitalized

0Deaths


soft cow chesseMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting




1Outbreaks

Staphiloccocus coagulazo- positiveComment

Value

Romania 2007 36


S. aureus

Code

Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus spp., unspecifiedSubagent Choice


13Human cases

13Hospitalized

0Deaths


soft cheeseMore Foodstuff


HouseholdSetting



Contributory factors

1Outbreaks

StaphiloccocusComment

Value

Romania 2007 37

Documents

ROMANIA - European Food Safety Authority · Romania 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Romania 2007 8. All the preventive measures in place are at the level farm, and the