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Roman Legions
Legion can mean an army, or it can mean a group of about 5,o00 Roman soldiers.
Roman legions wore more armor, used larger shields and carried a gladius, or short sword
They performed very well against phalanx on uneven terrain or where manueveuring was important
Primarily fought by navies Carthage was a naval
power. Rome was a land power. Rome lost most of the battles. Until they equipped ships
with grappling hooks and soldiers who boarded Carthaginian ships- turning it into a small land-battle.
Using this strategy Rome won.
1st Punic War
Carthaginian general Hannibal leads an army through Spain, France, and over the Alps and invades Italy from the north.
Over 10 years, he repeatedly defeats the Roman army, but does not attack the city of Rome
Roman army sails to North Africa, where it threatens to destroy Carthage. Hannibal returns to Carthage, and is defeated Rome does not destroy Carthage and fears it will rebuild and become a threat again
at the Battle of Zama.
Second Punic War
Carthage is ruined Loses all its empire to Rome Carthage is left only in
control of the city itself
Aftermath of 2nd Punic War
Rome does not destroy Carthage and fears it will rebuild and become a threat again.
Romans siege Carthage for 3 years under the general Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus – Or, as his friends call him Scipio
Scipio burns Carthage to the ground, enslaves everyone, and pours salt on the ground to prevent anything from ever growing again!
(Don’t mess with Scipio)
Third Punic War
Rome gains an overseas empire- North Africa, Sicily, Spain
Rome has control of Western Mediterranean Expanded trade and wealth for Rome Rome continues expansion and conquers an
empire in Europe, Asia, and Africa These conquered areas called provinces
Results of the Punic Wars