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ABDUL KADIR BIN ABU HASHIM
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
PERHILITAN IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
JABATAN PERLINDUNGAN HIDUPAN LIAR
DAN TAMAN NEGARA
(PERHILITAN)
28th
JULY 2015
1.0 HISTORY
2.0 BACKGROUND
1932
• Wildlife Commission of Malaya established
1939
• Headquarters of the Game Department was established with the appointment of Cpt. A. Ritchie as the first Chief Game Warden. Taman Negara established
1955
• The Wild Animals and Wild Birds Protection Ordinance No. 2 of 1955 established
1972
• The Protection of Wildlife Act 1972 [Act 76] came into force. Administration of the Game Department of Peninsular Malaysia was taken over by the Federal Government under the Headquarters of the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
2010• The Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 [Act 716] entered into force
3.0 FUNCTIONAL
STRUCTURE
SUSTAINABLE
BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
ECOTOURISM
MANAGEMENT
SERVICES
LAW &
ENFORCEMENT
PROTECTED
AREAS
TRAINING & PUBLIC
AWARENESS
ZOOLOGICAL PARKS
EX-SITU
CONSERVATION
CONSULTANCY
4.0 ORGANISATION
CHART
HEAD OF
INTEGRITY
UNIT
DIRECTOR
OFPERLIS
DIRECTOR
OF NEGERI
SEMBILAN
DIRECTOR
OFKELANTAN
DIRECTOR
OF TERENGGANU
DIRECTOR OFFEDERAL
TERRITORIES
DIRECTOR
OF MELAKA
DIRECTOR
OF SELANGOR
DIRECTOR
OFKEDAH
DIRECTOR
OF
PENANG
DIRECTOR OF
MANAGEMENT
DIVISION
DIRECTOR OF
INSTITUTE OF
BIODIVERSITY
STATE DWNP
OFFICE
DIRECTOR OF
ZOOLOGICAL
PARKS
DIRECTOR OF
CONSULTANCY
DIVISION
DIRECTOR OF
EX-SITU
CONSERVATION
DIRECTOR OF
ECOTOURISM
DIRECTOR OF
BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
DIRECTOR OF
PROTECTED
AREAS
DIRECTOR OF
ENFORCEMENT
DIRECTOR GENERAL
DEPUTY
DIRECTOR GENERAL I
DEPUTY
DIRECTOR GENERAL II
SUPERINTENDENT
TAMAN NEGARA
PAHANG
DIRECTOR OF
TASEK BERA
RAMSAR SITE
DIRECTOR OF
KRAU WILDLIFE
RESERVE
SUPERINTENDENT
OF PENANG
NATIONAL PARK
SUPERINTENDENT
PAYA INDAH
WETLANDS
PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER LAW UNIT
DIRECTOR
OFPERAK
DIRECTOR
OF JOHOR
DIRECTOR
OFPAHANG
5.0 STAFFING
3
185
1063
269
3
165
966
214
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
PENGURUSAN TERTINGGI PENGURUSAN & PROFESIONAL PELAKSANA (SOKONGAN I ) PELAKSANA (SOKONGAN II )
JAW
ATA
N
JAWATAN ISI
STAFFING BY CATEGORY
JANUARY 2015
Top Management: 3Management & Professional: 185Support: 1,332Total: 1,520Vacancy: 172
6.0 PROTECTED AREAS
10
MAJOR PROTECTED AREAS MANAGED BY
DWNP
- Taman Negara Pahang
(248,121 ha)
- Taman Negara Kelantan,
(103,802 ha)
- Taman Negara Terengganu,
(80,250 ha)
Penang National
Park (2,563 ha)
Krau Wildlife
Reserve, Pahang
(62,395 ha)
Sungkai Wildlife
Reserve, Perak
(2,468 ha)
Sungai Dusun Wildlife
Reserve, Selangor
(4,330 ha)
Tasek Bera Ramsar
Site, Pahang
(31,255 ha)
7.0 ENFORCEMENT
Act 716
• Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 [Act 716]
Act 686
• International Trade In Endangered Species Act 2008 [Act 686]
Act 226
• Taman Negara Act 1980 [Act 226]
Enactment 14
• Taman Negara Kelantan Enactment of 1938 [Enactment 14]
Enactment
2
• Taman Negara Pahang Enactment of 1939 [Enactment 2]
Enactment6
• Taman Negara Terengganu Enactment of 1939 [Enactment 6]
LIST OF LAWS ENFORCED BY DWNP
WILDLIFE CRIME CASES RECORDED
2011 - 2014
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
2011 2012 2013 2014
475
354
788
1,050
NO
OF
CA
SE
S
YEAR
MONITORING AND AUDIT
ZOO & PERMANENT EXHIBITION
COOPERTAION WITH OTHER
ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
klik
8.0 BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
WILDLIFE INVENTORY PROGRAM
Sample collection andmorphological data recording
Setting up mist nets
Setting up camera traps
REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS
Inventory Report PostersJournal
National Tiger Conservation Action Plan
(NTCAP)2008
SPECIES CONSERVATION PLANS
National Elephant Conservation Action Plan
(NECAP)2013
HUMAN – WILDLIFE CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE DISTURBANCE COMPLAINTS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA (2010 – 2014)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Kera Babi hutan Gajah Musang Berok
20,555
3,344 2,947 2,4691,198
Bilan
gan
Ad
uan
Spesies
1974 – 2014:
466 elephants were translocated to major elephant habitats (Taman
Negara, Royal Belum State Park & Endau-Rompin National Park)
HUMAN – ELEPHANT CONFLICT
MANAGEMENT
• 2008 – 2014 :
• - 18 Electric Fencing System projects known as
Sistem Pagar Elektrik Gajah (SPEG)
• - 284 Km
• - Cost RM 12.9 million
• - Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang & Johor
HUMAN – ELEPHANT CONFLICT
MANAGEMENT
9.0 EX-SITU
CONSERVATION
10
9
8
7
65
4
1
32
1. WCC Sg Batu Pahat,
Perlis
2. WCC Bukit Paloh,
Terengganu
3. WCC Gua Musang,
Kelantan
4. WCC Jenderak Selatan,
Pahang
5. WCC Jemaluang, Johor
6. WCC Segamat, Johor
7. WCC Sungai Dusun,
Selangor
8. WCC Sungkai / NWRC,
Perak
9. WCC Bota Kanan, Perak
10.WCC Bukit Pinang,
Kedah
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION CENTRES (WCC)
Banteng
Milky Stork Tapir
Malayan Peacock-PheasantMalayan Gaur
Sambar Deer
WILDLIFE BREEDING & REINTRODUCTION
MousedeerRiver Terrapin
Barking Deer
WILDLIFE BREEDING & REINTRODUCTION
WILDLIFE GENETIC RESOURCE BANK
15,167 speciments (297 species & 96 families)
81%
12%5%2%
Mammals Reptiles
Amphibians Others
ZOONOTIC DISEASES
MONITORING PROGRAM
Wildlife sampling
Sample analysis for pathogen
detection (virus/bacteria)
Field investigation
COOPERATION WITH UNIVERSITIES
10.0 ECOTOURISM
ENTRY POINTS TO TAMAN NEGARA
Muka Head Lighthouse
PENANG NATIONAL PARK
Campgrounds
Meromictic Lake
TAMAN NEGARA KELANTAN, KUALA KOH
Taman Negara Kelantan, Kuala Koh office complex
Birdwatching Fishing
TAMAN NEGARA TERENGGANU,
TANJUNG MENTONG
Bewah Caves
FishingTaat Caves
TAMAN NEGARA PAHANG, KUALA TAHAN
Botak Campsite (Gunung Tahan Trail)
37Canopy Walkway River crossing Lubuk Tenor Kelah Sanctuary
TAMAN NEGARA PAHANG, SUNGAI RELAU
Kuala Juram Kelah Sanctuary
38
Elephant observation Pertunjukan gajah
NATIONAL ELEPHANT CONSERVATION
CENTRE (NECC)
Interpretation Shower with baby elephant
PAYA INDAH WETLANDS
Chalets Wildlife observation
40
Birdwatching
VISITOR ARRIVALS TO DWNP ECOTOURISM
SITES 2013 AND 2014
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
TNPKT TNPSR TNK TNPP PKGK PIW
2013 81,932 10,862 3,780 115,195 128,637 124,813
Okt 2014 74,754 13,903 5,647 98,920 132,366 103,270
Ju
mla
h P
ela
wat
PETUNJUK:
TNPKT : Taman Negara
Kuala Tahan
TNPSR : Taman Negara
Sungai Relau
TNK : Taman Negara
Kelantan
TNPP : Taman Negara
Pulau Pinang
NECC : National
Elephant
Conservation
Centre
PIW : Paya Indah
Wetlands
11.0 HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT
42
TRAINING
Wildlife handling Protected areas boundary
management
Localised Nature Guide Course
Firearms training
PUBLIC AWARENESS
Exhibition Biodiversity Education Program
School trips and visits
45
12.0 CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
• High commercial value
• Ease of access
• Top 12 in the world
Biodiversity resources
• Low risk of being caught
• Penalty for encroachment in Taman Negara is weak (eg: shoot to die for encroachment in Thai National Parks
• Vast wilderness area in Taman Negara total of 4343 km2
Hunting
• Known as international hub for smuggling
• Porous international boundaries
• Good transportation facilities (land, sea and air)
• High demand in black market
Smuggling
• Society has high expectations for the DWNP to curb smuggling and poaching but they have a poor perception of the department
Public perception
Inside
Habitat
Outside
Habitat
46
CURRENT CHALLENGES
Current challenges
Shrinking natural wildlife habitats
Loss of biodiversity resources
Wildlife smuggling and
poaching
Wildlife welfare
Public and NGO
perception
Professionalism and expertise
Enforcing new laws (Act 716 & 686)
• Wildlife welfare in zoos
• Gazettementand enforcement of regulations
• Illegal online wildlife trading
Local community / NGO
• Spread through social media
• Local mass media
• Stakeholders
• Public complaints
International Obligations
• CITES
• IUCN
• CBD
• GTI/ GTF
• St. Petersburg Declaration
• RAMSAR
• Panda
• Australasian flyways
• ProjekUNDP/GEF
• TPPA
Implementing species management plans
• Threat of extinction of critically endangered species
Zoonotic diseases
Emerging Zoonotic Disease such as malaria, leptospirosis, sarcosystis, JE, H1N1, HIV, TB
Wildlife forensics
• Need for forensic information on wildlife species
•DNA researchand
reference bank
Biodiversity research
• Lack of scientific data to support policies and decisions
• Database
FUTURE CHALLENGES
CONSERVE AND CARE FOR OUR WILDLIFE
‘LINDUNGI DAN SAYANGI
HIDUPAN LIAR KITA’