Upload
basavaraja-k-m-kotyal
View
212
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
1/11
Introduction to
Jet & Rocket Propulsion(Subject Code : 10ME662)
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
2/11
Jet & Rocket Propulsion(Introduction)
(Subject Code: 10ME662)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
R.V.College of Engineering
Bangalore 560059
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
3/11
Jet & Rocket Propulsion, Lesson PlanSub Code : 10ME662 CIE Marks : 100
Hrs/Week : 3 Exam Hours : 3 hrs
Total Hrs. : 33 SEE Marks : 100
Credits : 03
Ch.
No.Description Hours
No. of questions to be
answered
Unit-1
1 Basic Principles of Air-Breathing Propulsion 41 out of 2
2 Turbomachinery in Air-Breathing Propulsion 4
Unit-2
3 Engine Characteristics 31 out of 2
4 Air-Breathing Engine Efficiencies 4
Unit-3
5 Basic Principles of Rocket Propulsion 31 out of 2
6 Nozzle Theory & Thermodynamic Relations 3
Unit-4
7 Solid Propellant Rockets 31 out of 2
8 Liquid Propellant Rockets 3
Unit-5
9 Advanced Propulsion Systems 31 out of 2
10 Criteria for Selection of Rocket Propulsion Systems 3
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
4/11
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
5/11
Newtons 2ndLaw
Basic physics demands that every vehicle that requires
motion must have a force to start, maintain or change that
motion and be governed by the equation F = ma.
If the vehicle has to move fast, then we need to know how
the vehicle accelerates. So we rearrange this equation to a =
(F/m).
For simplistic discussion, let us assume mas the weight of
the vehicle. if more accelerationand hence higher speed -
is to be achieved, we need a larger force For a lighter weight
mor a combination of both.
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
6/11
Newtons 3rdLaw
According to the 3rdlaw, every action has an equal and opposite
reaction, or, a force in one direction produces an equal force inthe opposite direction.
Therefore, to move a vehicle in a given direction, we must
produce a force in the opposite direction.
For a propeller aircraft, the propeller moves enough air
backwards producing a force that moves the aircraft forward.
For a jet aircraft, the engine moves air and combustion products
backwards producing the force to move the aircraft forward.
For a rocket, propellants are burned in the combustion chamber
and accelerated through a nozzle producing a force to propel the
rocket in the desired opposite direction.
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
7/11
Classification of jet propulsion
Jet Propulsion
Air-breathing Non Air-breathing
Reciprocating
Turboshaft
Turboprop
Turbojet
Turbofan
Ramjet
Solid rockets
Liquid rockets
Hybrid rockets
Nuclear rockets
Electric rockets
Does not use atmospheric
air to support combustion
Uses atmospheric air to
support combustion
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
8/11
Air-breathing propulsion
Operating principle: Collect mass from the surroundings and set it in motion
backwards, using the reaction force to propel a vehicle. Various steps are:
Draw in air
Compress it
Add fuel and burn (convert chemical to thermal energy)
Expand through a turbine to drive the compressor (extract work)
Then either
Expand in a nozzle to convert thermal energy to kinetic energy and
momentum (turbojet),or
Expand in a second turbine (extract work), use this to drive a shaft for
a fan (turbofan),or a propeller (turboprop).The fan or propeller
imparts kinetic energy and momentum to the air.
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
9/11
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
10/11
8/12/2019 rocket Introduction
11/11
Non air-breathing propulsion (Rocket Propulsion)
Operating principle: Take mass stored in a vehicle and expel it backwards,
using the reaction force to propel the vehicle. Various steps are:
Store propellant (chemical energy)
Burn propellant (convert chemical to thermal energy)
Expand through nozzle (convert thermal energy to kinetic energy and
momentum)