Rock Cycle - Edusmart4/1/13

When a 2.6 g marble is dropped in a graduated cylinder filled with 25.0 mL of water, the water rises to 34.1 mL. Calculate the density of the marble.

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Table of Contents Date Lecture/ Activity/ Lab Page

3/21/13 Earth Foldable3/25/13 Reading Chapter 173/26/13 Edusmart: plate tectonics3/27/13 Tectonic Plate cut-out Lab3/28/13 Plate boundaries– label and color3/29/13 Edible Plate Tectonic Lab4/01/13 Rock Cycle- Edusmart

Watch Edusmart – Rock CycleP:

A &C :Take Active Notes

Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed.

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Rock Cycle – Notes 4/4/2013

What is the average speed of the helicopter between 4 and 10 seconds?

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Table of Contents Date Lecture/ Activity/ Lab Page

3/21/13 Earth Foldable3/25/13 Reading Chapter 173/26/13 Edusmart: plate tectonics3/27/13 Tectonic Plate cut-out Lab3/28/13 Plate boundaries– label and color3/29/13 Snicker Tectonic Lab4/01/13 Rock Cycle- Edusmart4/04/13 Rock Cycle Notes

P: What is a rock?▪ A solid mixture of crystals from one or more minerals and

organic substance (remains of plants and animals).

▪ A mineral is naturally formed solid matter with a crystal structure; inorganic.

▪ Rocks are divided into 3 groups based on how they were formed:▪ Sedimentary▪ Igneous▪ Metamorphic

What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?

▪ Rocks are made of ONE OR MORE minerals.

▪ A mineral is a pure substance

Classifying Rocks▪ Geologists observe the rock’s color and texture and

determine its mineral composition.▪ Texture: the size, shape, and pattern of the rock’s

grain.▪ Color: the apparent color of the rock, on the inside

and the outside.▪ Mineral composition: The minerals that make up

the different parts of a rock.

Texture: The texture of a rock depends on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the minerals in the rock.

fine grained (powdery) medium grained (sandy) coarse grained (bumpy)

▪ Weathering▪ Erosion▪ Compaction▪ Cementation▪ Melting▪ Pressure▪ Cooling

▪ Rocks can change to and from the different types

Rocks are continually changed by:

What is the Rock Cycle?▪ The rock cycle is the

continual process by which new rock forms from old rock material.

▪ Earth materials change back and forth among the different types of rocks.

Intrusive Igneous Rocks (inside)

•Below ground = from magma •Have LARGE crystal grains • cooled slowly & solidifies

Extrusive Igneous Rocks (exit..outside)

•Above ground = from lava •Usually have SMALL or NO crystals• cooled too quickly

Metamorphic Rocks▪ A type of rock that forms as a result from HEAT AND PRESSURE▪ but DOES NOT MELT!!

▪ Rocks that have changed due to intense temperature and pressure

▪ “Meta” means “change” and morphosis means “form” in Greek

Marble

Quartzite

What occurs in the Earth to change these rocks?▪ Pressure from overlying rock layers▪ High heat, but not enough to melt the rock▪ Rocks may be flattened or bent or atoms may be exchanged to form new minerals.

Rocks which have been “morphed”

Metamorphic RocksWhat are they?

▪ Rocks that have changed

▪ They were once igneous or sedimentary or metamorphic

▪ Pressure and heat changed the rocks

Melting

Mel

ting

Cool & Solidifies

Melting

Sedimentary Rocks▪ Formed from sediments (rock fragments, mineral grains,

animal & plant remains) that are pressed or cemented together▪ Form from particles deposited by water, wind, and gravity▪ Process of sedimentary rocks:▪ Weathering ▪ Erosion▪ Deposition▪ Compaction▪ Cementation Lithification

COMPACTION / CEMENTATION

EROSION

WeatheringBreaks down rock into smaller pieces

MECHANICAL CHEMICAL

WEATHERING WEATHERING

Rock is physically

broken into

smaller pieces

breaking of rock into smaller pieces because of chemical changes within the rock

Mechanical Weatheringis the breaking of rock without any change in the chemical composition of the rock

▪ Sometimes called “physical” weathering▪ Rock is torn apart by physical force, rather than by

chemical breakdown▪ Ice▪ Thermal▪ Biotic (plants, trees)

Describe the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.

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