Report of the Committee on

Fire and Emergency Services Protective

Clothing and Equipment

Correlating Committee

Richard M. Duffy, Chair Int'l Assn. of Fire Fighters, DC [L]

Rep. Int'l Assn. of Fire Fighters

Wayde B. Miller, Secretary Mine Safety Appliances Co., PA [M]

Rep. Compressed Gas Assoc.

Thomas Augherton, Safety Equipment Inst., VA [RT] Dennis W. Browner, Scott Aviation, NC [M]

Rep. Industrial Safety Equipment Assoc. Loui Clem, Alpine (;enter for Rescue Studies, CO [U]

Rep. Nat'l Assn. for Search and Rescue Robert Dahl, The DuPont Co., DE [M] Robert A. Freese, Globe Mfg. Co., NH [M] William L. Grilliot, Morning Pride Mfg. Co., OH [M]

Rep. Fire and Emergency Mfrs. and Services Assn. Inc. James S. J'olmson, Lawrence Livermore Nat'l. Labs, CA [RT] Cy Long, Texas Commission on Fire Protection, TX [E] David ~. Matthews, United Kingdon Fire Brigades Assn., England [SE]

Rep. Int'l Standards Organization Jim Minx, Oklahoma State Firefighters Assn., OK [C] Ted Putnam, USDA Forest Service, MT [E] JFeffrey O. Stull, Int'l Persotmel Protection, Inc., TX [SE]

rank P. Taylor, Lion Apparel Ir, c., OH [M] Robert D. Tutterow, Charlotte Fire Dept., NC [M]

Rep. Fire Industry Equipment Research Organization Bruce H. Varner, City of Carrollton Fire Dept., TX [U]

Rep. Int'l Fire Service Training Assn. Ann Marie Williams, Springs Industries, SC [M] Harry Winer, U.S. Navy, MA [RT] Thomas L. Wollan, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., NC [RT]

Alternates

Mark B. Chambers, Texas Commission on Fire Protection, TX [E] (Alt. to C. Long)

Robert H. Chiostergi, Southern Mills Inc., GA [M] (Alt. to A. M. Williams)

NicholasJ. Curtis, Lion Apparel, Inc., OH [M] (Alt. to F. P. Taylor)

Virgil Hathaway, &m Diego Fire Dept., CA [U] (Voting Alt. to SAFER Rep.)

Patricia A. Freeman, Globe Mfg. Co., NH [M] (/kit. to R. A. Freese)

Patricia A. Glea~son, Safety Equipment Inst., VA [RT] (Alt. to T. Augherton)

Bob Montgomery, Hoechst Celanese Corp., NC [M] (/kit. to R. Dalai)

Daniel P. Ryan, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., NC (Alt. to T. L. Wollan)

Nonvoting

Don R. Forrest, United Firefighters of Los Angeles City, CA Bryan C. Heirston, Oklahoma State Dept. of Labor, OK

Rep. Int'l Assn. of Fire Fighters Richard Mangan, USDA Forest Service, MT Kirk H. Owen, Ph'mo Fire Dept., TX

Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section Christopher B. Preu, Louisville Division of Fire, KY Alexander W. San tora, New York City Fi re Dept., NY Jerry Swinford, Texas Commission on Fire Protection, TX

NFPA Staff Liaison: Brnce W. Teele

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protective clothing and protective equipment, except respiratory protective equipment, that provides band, torso, limb, and face protection for fire fighters or other emergency services responders during incidents that involve emergency medical operations. These operations include first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basis life support, advanced life support, ,and other medical procedures provided to padents prior to arrival at a hospital or other healfll care facility.

Additionally, tiffs conunittee shall have primary responsibility for documents on dae selection, care, and maintenance of emergency medical protective clothing and protective equipment by fire and emergency services organizations and personnel.

Technical Committe on

Respiratory Protection and Personal Alarm Equipment

Alexander W. Santora, Chair NewYork City Fire Dept., NY [U]

Thomas Augherton, Safety Equipment Inst., VA [RT] Eric Beck, Mine Safety Appliances, PA [M] Mark Crandall, Detex Corp., TX [M] Kenneth R. Ethridge, Texas Commission on Fire Protection, TX [E] Don IL Forrest, United Firefighters of Los Angeles City, CA [L]

Rep. Int'l Assoc. of Fire Fighters Eugene Giorgini, Scott Aviation, NY [M] A. Ira Harkness, U.S. Navy Coastal Systems Station, FL[RT] Paul D. Hiltman, Int'l Safety Instruments, GA [M] J~mes S.Johnson, Lawrence Livermore Nat'l Labs, (LA [RT]

obert A. Kolenda, City of Pittsburgh, Bureau of Fire, PA [ I l] Roy Kenneth Lane, Raleigh Fire Dept., NC [U] PatrickJ. McLaughlin, Litton Instruments & Life .Support, IA [M] RobertW O'Gorman, Inchcape Testing Services NA Inc., NY [RT] Ray 17. Reed, Dallas Fire Dept., "IX [U] BrianJ. Sharkey, USDA Forest Service, MT [RT] Leo W. Stoltz, Nat'l Draeger hac., PA[M]

Alternates

Donald G. Beason, Lawrence Livermore Nat'l. Lab, (L a, [RT1 (AIt. toJ. &Johnson)

Carrol E. Burtner, Safety Equipment Inst., VA {RT] (Alt. to T. G. Augherton)

William Cesark, New York City Fire Dept., NY [U] (Alt. to A. W. Santora)

Richard A. Erth, Mine Safety Appliances Co., PA [M] (Alt. to E.J. Beck)

Darius L. Goodin, U.S. Dept of the Navy- Coastal Systems Station, FL[RT]

(Alt. to A. I. Harkness) Robert E. Gray, Int'l Safety Instruments, Inc., GA [M]

(Alt. to P. D. Hiltman) Suzanne Swegal, National Draeger, PA [M]

(Alt. to L. W. Stoltz)

Nonvoting

Glen E. Gardner, U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Adm., DC

Staff Liaison: Bruce W. Teele

Tliis list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurreoL A key to classifications is found at the front of the book.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protective equipment dlat provides respiratory protection for fire fighters or other emergency services responders during incidents involving operations conducted in hazardous or oxygen deficient atmospheres. These operations include the activities of rescue, fire suppression, hazardous materials mitigation, and property conservation where exposures to an oxygen deficient atmosphere or an atmosphere contaminated witla harmful particulate,fog, rune, mist, gas, smoke, spray, or vapor will or could 0 CCU r.

Tltis committee shall also have primary responsibility for documents on personal monitor/alarm/distress devices for responders operating in hazardous atmospheres or in hazard areas at incidents where entrapment, disorientation, or other responder personal emergency could occur.

Additionally, dais committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the selection, care, and maintenance of respiratory and personal alarm equipment by fire and emergency services organizations and personnel.

364

Teclmical Commltte on

Emergency Medical Services Protective Clothing and Equipment

Christopher B. Preu, Chair Louis~5lle Division of Fire, KY [U]

Jan Dunbar, Secretary Sacramento Fire Dept., CA [UI

Rep. Int'l Assn. of Fire Chiefs

Sherri-Lynne Almeida, Houston Fire Dept., TX [U] James M. Baker, Nat'l Safety CLean, Inc., PA [IM] Logan Boss, Best Mfg. Co., GA [M] Douglas Dafter, Lion Apparel, Inc., OH [M] James L. Daneker, Los Angeles City Fire Dept., CA [C] Vanessa Denniston, Bi oSafety Systems, CA [ M] Glen H. Morgan, Oceanside Fire Dept., CA [U] Michael Spiewak, I. Spiewak & Sons, Inc., NY [M] j l~frey o . Stull, Int'l Personnel Protection, Inc., TX [SE]

therlne H. West, Infection Cont ro l /Emerging Concepts, Inc., VA [SE] James P. Zeigler, The l-)upont Co. Inc., VA [M]

Alternates

Michael Garrobo, Best Mfg. Co., GA [M] (Alt. to L. Boss)

Grace G. Stull, Int'l Personnel Protection, Inc., TX [SE] (Alt. toJ. O. Stull)

Frank P.Taylor, Lion Apparel Inc., OH [M] (Alt. to D. Dafter)

Nonvoting

RobertJ . Mullan, NIOSH/Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, GA

Staff Liaison: Bruce W. Teele

This list represents the rtwmbership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the front of the book.

Committee Scope: This Committee Shall have primary responsibility for documents on protective dod t ing and protective equipment, except respiratory protective equipment, that provides hand, torso, limb, and face protection for fire fighters or other emergency services responders during incidents that involve emergency medical operations. These operations include first aid, cardiopuhnonary resuscitation, basis life support, advanced life support, ,and other medical procedures provided to patients prior to arrival at a hospital or other health care facility.

Additionally, this committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the selection, care, and maintenance of emergency medical protective clothing and protective equipment by fire and emergency services organizations and personnel.

Tim Report of tim Teclmical Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment is presented for adoption in 2 par ts

Part I of this Report was prepared by tile Technical Committee on Respiratory Protection and Personal Alarm Equipment, and proposes for adoption a complete revision to NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contalned Breathing Apparatus for Fire Fighters, 1992 edition. The 1992 edition of 'NFPA 1981 is published in Volmne 9 of the 1996 National Fire Codes and in separate pamplflet form.

Part I of this Rel~ort has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Respiratory Protection and Personal Alarm Equipment, which consists of 17 voting members; of wlmm 15 affirmatively and 2 ballot(s) were not re turned (Messrs. McLanglflin and Stolz).

Part I of dais Report h ~ also been submit ted to letter ballot of the Technical Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment, which consists of 21 voting members; o f w b o m 19 voted affrmatively, 1 negatively after circulation of negatiw. • ballots (Ms. Clem), and 1 ballot was no t re turned (Mr. Johnson) .

Ms. Clem voted negatively stating: [See TCC Note I and Note 2 preceding Proposal 1981-1 (Log #CP 1 ). ]

"Proposal: Change to 2-1.2 and 2-2.1 to read: "Certification Organization.. .Recognized by a national standards organization with a 3rd party certification program. *Recognizing only the ANSI Standard is restrictive with no substantiation.

Proposal: Change to 2-4.1 read: 'Cont inued compliance sball be mon i to r ed /o r ensured through an annual re-certification program or an acceptable follow up testing program. ' Either type of program will be able to provide the basis for ensuring continued compliance. Specifying a re-certification is unfounded and will add cost and complexity without adding any benefit."

Part II of this Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on Emergency Medical Services Protective Clothing and Equipment, and proposes for adopt ion a complete revision to NFPA 1999, Standard on Protective Clothing for Emergency Medical Operations, 1992 edition. The 1992 edition of NFPA 1999 is published in Volume 9 of the 1996 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

Part II of this Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Emergency Medical Services Protective Clothing and Equipment, which consists of 13 voting members; of whom 10 affirmatively, 3 negatively after circulation of negative ballots (Messrs. Spiewak, Zeigler, and Ms. West).

Mr. Speiwak voting negatively stating:

"I cannot accept the Committee Document 1999-97AM-ROP as submitted based on the following objections:

Paragraph 5-1.1.7- Labeling (f) Date of Manufacture: This is not relevant to garment performance. Tracking number

requirement allows the manufacturer to trace and monitor defects. Dating of garments: Can create end user confusion as to whether or not "older" stock

(as dated) meets requirements. (g) Size: Garment sizes are generally found in the neck or label area of each

garment- Therefore, dais information is superfluous and requires custom labeling of each certification label which may not be located where the end user is accustomed to looking.

Paragraph 3-1.2.1 (b) Preparation for use Sizing/adjustment Not applicable for apparel. (d) Don/Doff: Donning and doffing procedures. Not necessary for apparel. Paragraph 3-1.3.4 (c) Zipper/closure type and materials: Does no t add any per t inent information to the end use consumer

of file garment. (d) Material seam types and composition: Information not per t inent to file end use consumer. Information has no bearing on performance. Paragraph 3-1.3.4.2 (b) Garment zipper or closure: I. The materials(s) of construction for the closure, including

chain, slide, pull, and tape for zipper are not per t inent to the end u s e r ,

2. The location and the length of the completed closure assembly is apparent to the wearer and does not provide any per t inent information.

3. A description of any protective covers or flaps. These are also apparent to the end use consumer and are

unnecessary. Paragraph 3-1.3.5 (a and b) The manufacturer shall describe, in the technical data

package, the type of seams or methods of a t tachment for the following garment material and componen t combinations, if applicable:

This information is not per t inent to t hepe r fo rmance of the garment and serves no purpose to tile e n d u s e consumer.

Paragraph 3-2.1.4 ( f a n d g) Date of manufacture and Size. See objection 3-1.1.7. Paragraph 3-2.3.3 (d) Description of material seams. Not per t inent to the end use consumer. Paragraph 4-1.4

365

Tile Barrier layer shall be a single, non-separable layer. The language is ,ambiguous. Should be addressed properly in the

requirement and not in the appendix (A-4-1.4). Paragraph 5-1.4 Performance requirements specify that each separate layer of

garment material shall be tested for bursting strength. This is in conflict with paragraph 6-5.1.1 which specifies that "all layers" assembled, in the same order which they appear in the garment should be tested as a composite.

Paragraph 5-1.5 Specimens of each separable layer of garment material shall be

tested for puncture resistance is in conflict with paragraph 6-6.1.1 which specifies that materials will be tested as a composite (as specified above).

Pa~graph 5-1.3 and 5-1.6 Test for tensil strength ,and tear s trength as specified in sections

6-6.4 and Section 6-7 respectively should apply to the outer shell material specifically and not to each componen t layer separately. In actual use the outer shell fabric (whether the barrier layer or not) would be subjected to the most wear and abuse.

Paragraph 5-1.7 and 5-1.8 Tests for seam breaking strength and garment closure assemblies

breaking strength as specified in Sections 6-8 should be for the composite garment materials and not for multiple separable layers. This would more closely approximate actual wearing conditions.

Paragraph 6-1.3.1 Should read: Samples shall be subject to 25 cycles of washing and

drying in accordance with the manufacturer 's printed care instructions.

Note: The wash procedure as listed in paragraph 6-1.3.1 is for 'cotton sturdy' garments. Most garments currendy in use, that comply with File 1999, are manufactured from synthetic materials whose r ecommended care instructions are Machine Cycle 2, Wash Temperauire Ill and Drying Procedure All, o f ANSI/AATCC 155.

Paragraph 6-1.4 Abras ionprocedures for garment should specify that the shell

fabric (or the outside surface of a single layer garment) shall be tested.

Paragraph 6-3.7.2 Does flats paragraph specify composite testing (in contrast to 6-3.7.1

which specifies the barrier layer only)? The language is vague."

Ms. West voted negatively stating:

"1-2.1 This is too restrictive for a ~ requirement and limits the purchaser who must comply with NFPA. The need for such is not scientifically based. Also, OSHA standard states - 'Type and characteristics will depend

upon the task and degree of exposure anticipated. ' 5-1.2 Awaiting the result of study and testing of the i nteragency

government group regarding the appropriateness of the test method.

Still hold with the information presented at the Washington, DC mee t i ng . (Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters.) There is no in-use s tudy/per formance data to support this

requirement and other studies which would relate. Have showed that pressures above 2 psi are reached dnr ing various activities.

References: 1. Smith,JW, Tare WA, Yazdani S e t al: Determination of Surgeon-

Generated Pressures During Various Surgical Procedures in tile Operating Room,/~_~., August, 1995, 23(4):237-246.

2. Teleford, GL and Quebbeman, EJ: Assessing the Risk of Blood Exposure in the Operating Room, AJIC, December, 1993:21 (6):361- 356.

5-2.2 Same as above. 5-3.3 Protective eyewear serves only to block splatter. There is no

scientific need for this. Risk is dearly related to sharps injury, not to blood on skin is where

the risk lies - see the study I provided as one example. (Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters).

1 have a grave concern regarding the conflict of interest that exists in this committee which has resulted in this standard."

Mr. Zeigler voted negatively stating:

"1. Some reusable products, that are currendy certified and are accepted as having adequate performance by end-users, do not meet the proposed seam barrier requirements after conditioning. This is sufficient reason to question if these pre-conditioning requirements may no t be too stringent.

2. The multiple physical tests required on garment materials

~ rovide redundant information and add cost to certification. The attery of tests can be reduced without losing valuable information. 3. Requiring that each "separable layer" of multi-layer garments be

tested separately is desi[~n restrictive and is too stringent a requirement. The physical tests should represent actual use conditions. Inner layers that do not carry stress loads or provide puncture protection do not need to have the same level of

rformance of the layers engineered to perform those tasks. erefore, all physical tests need to be performed on the layers as a

single unit. 4. The medical community accepts 'zoned ' garments as adequate

for protection during surgery. A 'zoned' garment, which offers barrier in only certain portions of a garment, is not allowed in this proposed standard. The certain performance, heat stress and cost advantages of 'zoned ' garments should be available to the fire service.

Part II of dais Report has als0 been submit ted to letter ballot o f the Technical Correlating Committee on F'me and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment , which consists of 21 voting members; o f whom 19 voted affirmatively, 1 negatively after circulation of negative ballots (Ms. Clem), and 1 ballot was not re turned (Mr.Johnson) .

Ms. Clem voted negatively stating: [See TCC Note 1 and Note 2 preceding Proposal 1999-1 (Log#CP1).]

"2-1.9 and 2-2.1: While ~ is a commendable step, it is not shown that ANSI's certification offers anydting over ASTM or ISO's lab certification programs. Recommendation: Change to read 'nationally recognized 3rd party certification programs. '

2-4.1: The reason NFPA has multiple documents is to specify criteria unique to different areas/products . While certification may be shown to be advantageous in some product areas, it has by no means been shown to be necessary to all products. Further, this same effect is achieved through existing 'follow-up programs' . Recommendation: Phrase as follows: 'Cont inued compliance shall be moni tored either through annual re- certification or an acceptable 'follow-up testing' program. '"

~66

NFPA 1 9 8 1 i A97 ROP

PART I

(Log #CP1) 1981- 1 - (Entire Document): Accept Note: 1. The Technical Correlating Committee has directed that

all product standards carry the following text regarding the accreditation of the third-party certification organizations. Therefore, the Technical Correlating Committee directs the Technical Committee to incorporate the following changes to its document at the Report on Comments stage.

Replace the existing 2-1.2 and 2-2.1 with the following text: 2-1.2 All certification shall beperformed by a certification

organization that is accredited for personal protective equipment by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in accordance with ANSI 7_34.1, American National Standard for Thlrd-Party Certification Programs for Product.s, ProcesSes, and Services."

2-2.1 "The cerufi'~cation organization shall be accredited for pe~onal protective equipment by the American National Standards lusUtute (ANSI) in accordance with ANSI 7_34.1, American National Standard for Third-Party Certification Programs for Products, Processes, and Services."

2. Within the Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment Project, recertification is already required in some documents and, for consistency, the Technical Correlating Committee will see that it is added to each document that does not currently have it during the normal revision process.

The periodic recertiflcation of compliant product is a necessary measure to assure that the future production of com[fliant product continues to be compliant. Without specific criteria tot retesting and recertification, different certification organizations could have widely divergent programs and the possibility of noncompllant product being prQduced and reaching the field is significantly increased. Add new definition for "Model" to Section 1-$ to read: 1-3 Model. The collective term used to identify identical SCBA of

the same basic design and components from a single manufacturer produced by the same manufacturing and quality assurance procedures that are covered by the same certification. Add a new Section 2-4 to read: 2-4 Recertification. 2-4.1 All SCBA that are labeled as being compliant with this

standard shall undergo recertification on an annual basis. This recertification shall include inspection and evaluation to all design requirements and testing to all performance requirements as required by 2-3.5 on all manufacturer models and component~

2-4.1.1 Any change that affects the SCBA's performance under the design or performance requirements of this standard shall constitute a different model.

2-4.1.2 For the purpose of this standard, models shall include each unlquepattere, style, or design.

2-4.2 Samples of manufacturer models and components for recertification shall be acquired from the manufacturer or component supplier during random and unannounced visits as part of the follow-up inspection program.

2-4.3 The manufacturer shall maintain all design and performance inspection and test data from the certification organization used in the recertificatlon of manufacturer models and components. The manufacturer shall provide such data, upon request, to the purchaser or authority havingjurisdlction.

Renumber existing Section 2-4 as Section 2-5. SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Respiratory Protection and Personal Alarm Equipment,

I RECOMMENDATION: Complete revision to NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-C, ircuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus for Fire Fighters, 1992 edition. SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee has completely revised the 1992 edition of NFPA 1981. The new edition will allow an increase of the weight of an SCBA

above die current 35 pound maximum up to 40 pounds when the SCBA and another item or items of protective clothing or eqttipment are integrated with the SCBA. Two examples would be a helmet also serving as the SCBA facepiece, or the harness of the SCBA being part of a protective coat. Such integration could cause the entire SCBA, ,as NIOSH certified, to exceed 35 pounds. Where file weight ~.in of the "integrated SCBA" is less than the net weight of the indiwdual, p,.arts ,,,an increase., up to. 40 pounds, could, be allowed. Tlus permtsslve reqmrement is conststent with NIOSH certification of respirators under 42 CFR 84. The secured vibration test has been deleted from the proposed

revision ,as the unsecured vibration test provides an excellent assessment of tile SCBA's performance ,after vibration and the much less severe secured vibration test has not produced any useful data. Also, cautionary text has been added to alert testers of tile dangers associated with testing high pressure cylinders.

The document has been reformatted into seven chapters to conform to the style and layout of all documents in the project. Definitions have been refined, accessory items have been addressed with more specifics, and test methods reviewed to ensure correct methods andprocedures are given. COMMI'VrEE ACTION: Accept.

NFPA 1981

Standard on

Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

for F'tre Fighters

1997 Edition

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates explanatory material on that paragraph in Appendix A.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 5 and Appendix B.

Chapter I Administration

1-1 Scope.

1-1.1" This standard shall specify the minimum documentation, design cdteda, performance criteria, test methods, and certification for open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) used during fire fighting, rescue, and other hazardous operations.

I-1.2 This standard shall not apply to closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus.

l-l.3 The requirements of this standard shall not apply to accessories that might be attached to any open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus other than as specifically addressed herein.

I-l.4 Nothing herein shall restrict any jurisdiction or manufacturer from exceeding these minimum requirements.

1-2 Purpose.

1-2.1" The purpose of this standard shall be to provide minimum requirements, for open-circuit SCBA designed to provide, respiratory protecuon for the wearer from the products of combustion, hazardous or toxic atmospheres, oxygen-deficient atmospheres, particulate, and other such IDLH atmospheres (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) that might exist at the scene of an emergency.

1-2.2 An additional purpose of this standard shall be to provide requirements to ensure that accessories do not degrade the performance of the SCBA.

1-2.$ Controlled laboratory tests used to determine compliance with the performance requirements of this standard shall not be deemed as establishing performance levels for all situations to which personnel can be exposed.

1-2.4 This standard shall not be interpreted or used as a detailed manufacturing or purchase specification, but shall be permitted to be referenced in purchase specifications as minimum requirements.

1-3 Def'mitions.

Accessory. An item, provided by the SCBA manufacturer for use with their SCBA, that is attached to the SCBA but is not necessary for the SCBA to meet the requirements of this standard.

Approved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Authority HavlngJurisdiction.* The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation, or a procedure.

Basic Plane. The plane through the centers of the external ear openings and the lower edges of the eye sockets.

367

N F P A 1981 1 A 9 7 R O P

Breathing Air. See Compressed Breathing C ~ .

Breathing Ai r /Gas Container. See "Breathing Gas Cylinder."

Breathing Gas Cylinder. The pressure vessel or vessels that are asi integral part of tile SCBA and that contain the breadf ing gas supply; can be conf ignred ,'is a single cylinder or o ther pressure vessel, or as mult iple cylinders or pressure vessels.

Cert lf icat ion/Cert if ied. A system whereby a certification organization de te rmines that a manufac tu re r has demons t ra ted die ability to produce a p roduc t that complies with the requ i rements of dais s tandard, authorizes tile manufac tu re r to use a label on listed products that comply with the requi rements of this s tandard, and establishes a follow-up program conduc ted by the certification organization as a cheek on tile me thods die manufac tn re r uses to de te rmine cont inued compl iance o f labeled and listed products with the requi rements of this standard.

Certification Organization. An i n d e p e n d e n t diird-party organization that de te rmines product compl iance with the requi rements of this sv, m d a r d with a label ing/l is t ing/fol low-up program.

Char. The format ion of a brittle residue when material is exposed to thermal energy.

Closed-Circuit SCBA. A recirculation-type SCBA in which the exhaled gas is rebrea thed by the wearer ,after fl~e carbon dioxide has been removed f rom the exhalat ion gas and the oxygen con ten t within the system has been restored from sources such ,as compressed brea th ing air, cbemical oxygen, liquid oxygen, or compressed gaseous oxygen.

Compl iance /Compl ian t . Meet ing or exceeding all applicable requi rements of this s tandard.

Component . Any material, part, or subassembly providing the required protect ion that is used in the constrnct ion of die SCBA.

.Compressed Breathing Gas.* Oxygen or a respirable gas mixture stored in a compressed state and suppl ied to the user in gaseous form.

Cylinder. See "Breathing (;,as Cylinder."

Demand SCBA. See Negative Pressure SCBA.

Drip. To run or fall in drops or blobs.

End-of-Service-Time Indicator. A warning device on ,an SCBA diat warns the user that the end of the service t ime of the SCBA is approaching.

Fabric Component . Any plial)le, natn~d, or synthetic material(s), or combinat ion thereof, made by weaving, felting, forming, or knitting.

Facepiece. The c o m p o n e n t of an SCBA that covers as a m i n i m u m the wearer 's nose, mouth , and eyes.

Follow-Up Program. The sampling, inspections, tests, or o ther measures conduc ted by the certification organization on a periodic basis to de te rmine tile con t inued compl iance o f listed products that are being p roduced by the manufacu i r e r to the requi rements of this s tandard.

Gas. An aeriform fluid that is in a gaseous state at s tandard tempera ture :rod pressure.

Haze. Light that is scattered as a result of passing th rough a t ransparent object.

Identical SCBA. SCBA that are p roduced to the same engineer ing and manufac tu r ing specifications.

Labeled. Equ ipmen t or materials to which has been a t tached a label, symbol, or o ther identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to die authori ty l tavingjurisdict ion and conce rned with proctuct evaluation that mainta ins periodic inspect ion of product ion of labeled e q u i p m e n t or materials and by whose labeling the mamffac turer indicates compliance with appropriate s tandards or per formance in a specified manner .

Listed.* Equipment , materials, or services included in a list publ ished by an organization acceptable to the authori ty having jurisdict ion and conce rned with evaluation of products or services that mainta ins periodic inspection of product ion of listed equ ipmen t or materials or periodic evaluation of services and whose listing states ei ther that the equipment , material, or service meets identified s tandards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

Melt. To change f rom solid to liquid, or become consumed, by action of heat.

Mid-Saglttal Plane. The plane, perpendicular to the basic and coronal planes, that bisects the head symmetrically.

Negative Pressure SCBA. An SCBA in which the pressure inside the facepiece, in relation to tile pressure su r round ing the outside of the facepiece, is negative dur ing any part of tile inhalation or exhalat ion cycle when tested by NIOSH in accordance with 42 CFR 84.

NIOSH Certified. Tested and certified by the National Institute for Occupat ional Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the U.S. Depar tment of Health and H u m a n Services in accordance with the requi rements of Tide 42, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 84, Subpart H (42 CFR 84). For the NIOSH certification to remain in effect, the SCBA must be used and main ta ined in the approved condition.

Open-Circuit SCBA. An SCBA in which exhalat ion is vented to the a tmosphe re and not rebreathed. There are two types o f open-circuit SCBA: negative pressure or d e m a n d type and positive pressure or pressure d e m a n d type.

Pink Noise. Noise that contains cons tant energy per octave band.

Positive Pressure SCBA. An SCBA in which the pressure inside the facepiece, in relation to the pressure su r round ing the outside of the facepiece, ispositive dur ing both inhalat ion a n d exhalat ion when tested by NIOSH in accordance with 42 CFR 84, Subpart H.

Pressure Demand SCBA. See Positive Pressure SCBA.

Product Label. A label or mark ing affixed to the SCBA by the manufacturer , conta in ing general information, care, main tenance , or similar data. This p roduc t label is not the certification organizat ion 's label, symbol, or identifying mark; however, die certification organizat ion 's label, symbol, or identifying mark shall be pernfit ted to be a t tached to it or be part of it. (See also Labeled.)

Rated Service Time. The period of time, stated on the SCBA's NIOSH certification label, that the SCBA suppl ied air to the brea th ing mach ine when tested to 42 CFR 84, Subpart H.

SCBA. See Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). A respirator worn by the user that supplies a respirable a tmosphere that is either carried in or genera ted by file apparatus and is i n d e p e n d e n t of tile ambient envi ronment .

Service Time. See Rated Service Time.

Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement .

Should. Indicates a r e commenda t i on or that which is advised but no t required.

1-4 Units.

1-4.1 In this s tandard, values for m e a s u r e m e n t are followed by an equivalent in parendaeses, bu t only the first stated value shall be regarded as the requi rement . Equivalent values in paren theses shall no t be considered as the requi rement , as these values migh t be approximate.

Chapter 2 Certification

2-1 General.

2-1.1 Prior to certification of SCBA to the requi rements of this s tandard, SCBA shall be NIOSH certified.

2-1.1.1 SCBA shall have NIOSH certification as positive pressure.

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2-1.1.2" SCBA shall have a NIOSH certified rated service t ime of at least 30 nfinutes.

2-1.1.3 SCBA that are NIOSH certified as positive pressure but ~ p a b l e o f supplying air to the user in a negativepi-essure, demand- type mode shall NOT he certified to this s tandard.

2-1.2 SCBA that are labeled ,as being compliant with this s tandard shall mee t or exceed all applicable requi rements specified in dais s tandard and shall be certified. This certification shall be to the certification program specified in Section 2-2 and shall be in addit ion to, and shall no t be cons t rued to be the same as, the NIOSH certification ,as specifically def ined in Section 1-3.

2-1.3 All certification shall be per formed by an approved certification organization.

2-1.4 Compl ian t SCBA sh,-dl be labeled and listed. Compl iant SCBA shall also have a product label that meets the requi rements specified in Section 3-1.

2-1.5 Where accessories are to be at tacbed to or in tegrated with the SCBA, they shall be tested widl and certified ,as part o-f the SCBA unde r this standard.

2-1.6 SCBA sball mee t all of the design and per formance requi rements of this s tandard with accessories installed. Accessories sh,'dl no t be requi red to mee t any of file per formance requi rements of dais s tandard other than as specified h'erein.

2-2 Certification Program.

2-2.1" The certification orgarfization shall no t be owned or controlled by manufac ture rs or vendors of the product being certified. The certification organization sball be primarily engaged in certification work and shall not have a monetary interest in the product ' s ul t imate profitability.

2-2.2 The certification organization shall refuse to certify products to this s tandard that do not comply with all requi rements of this s tandard.

2-2.3* The contractual provisions between the certification organization and the m.' inufacturer shall specify that certification is con t ingen t upon compliance with all applicable requi rements of this s tandard. There shall-be no conditional, t e m p o r a l , or partial certifications. Marmfacturers shall no t be author ized to-use any label or reference to the certification organizat ion on products that are not manufac tu red in compliance with all applicable requi rements of this standard.

2-2.4* The certification organization shall have laboratory facilities and equ ipmen t for conduc t ing proper tests available, a p rogram for calibration o f all ins t ruments sball be in place and operating, and procedures shall be in use to ensure proper control of all testing. Good practice shall be followed regarding the use of laboratory manu,'ds, form data sheets, d o c u m e n t e d calibration and calibration routines, pe r fo rmance verification, proficiency testing, and staff qualification and t ra ining programs.

2-2.5 The certification organization shall require the manufac ture r to establish and mainta in a p rogram of product ion inspection an d testing tha t at least meets the requ i rements of Section 24 . The certification organization shall audi t the manufac tu re r ' s quality assurance program to ensure that the quality assurance program provides cont inued produc t compliance with this s tandard.

2-2.6 The certification organization and the manufac tu re r shall evaluate any changes affecting the form, fit, or funct ion of the certified product to de te rmine its con t inued certification to this s tandard.

2-2.7* The certification organization shall have a follow-up inspection program of the manufac tu r ing facilities of the certified product , with at least two r andom and u n a n n o u n c e d visits per 12- m o n t h period. As part of the follow-up inspect ion program, the certification organization shall select sample p roduc t at r a n d o m f rom the manufac tu re r ' s product ion line, f rom the manufac tu re r ' s in-house stock, or f rom the open market. Sample product shall be inspected and tested by flae certification organization to verify the product ' s con t inued compliance.

2-2.8 Tile certification organization shall have a p rogram for investigating field reports alleging malper fo rmance or failure of listed products. 2-2.9* The certification organization shall require the manufac tu re r to have a product recall system as part of the manufac tu re r ' s quality assurance program.

2-2.10 The certification organization,s operat ing procedures shall provide a mechan i sm for the manufac tu re r to appeal decisions. The procedures shall include the presentat ion of informat ion f rom both sides of a controversy to a des ignated appeals panel.

2-2.11 The certification organization shall be in a position to use legal means to protect the integrity of its n a m e and label. The name and label shall be registered and legally defended.

2-3 Inspection and Testing.

2-3.1 The testing facility shall take suitable precaut ions to protect the testing personnel and to guard against catastrophic failure that could result in high pressure gas release, f ragmentat ion, and flying parts or debris due to the fact that the vibration test specified in Section 6-3 involves compressed gas cylinders conta in ing high pressures, and due also to the rigorous na ture of the test.

2-3.2 Four identical SCBA selected f rom the manufac ture r ' s

~ roduct ion SCBA and that are to be certified to this s tandard shall e subjected to the tests specified in Categories A, B, C, and D of

Table 2-3.2, for each test series. The first SCBA shall be subjected to the tests listed in Category A, the second SCBA shall be subjected to the tests listed in Category B, the third SCBA shall be subjected to the tests listed in Category C, and the four th SCBA shall be subjected to the tests listed in Category D, as shown in Table 2-3.2. SCBA componen t s sball be subjected to the tests specified in Category E of Table 2-3.2.

Table 2-3.2 Test Series

Category E Test Category A Category B Category C Category D (Component

Order (SCBA #1) (SCBA #2) (SCBA #3) (SCBA #4) Tests)

Air Flow Air Flow Air Flow Air Flow Fabric Flame 1. Section 3-l Section 3-1 Section 3-1 Section 3-1 Section 3-4

Accelerated C o m m u n i c a t i o n Corros ion Vibration Heat and Flame Fabric Heat

2. Section 3-10 Section 3-7 Section 3-3 Section 3-11 Section 3-5

Envi ronmenta l T e m p e r a t u r e T h r e a d Heat

3. Section 3-2 Section 3-6

Particulate Lens Abras ion 4. Section 3-8 Section 3-9

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2-3.3 SCBA shall be initi:dly tested and shall mee t the per formance requi rements of three separate test series of Categories A, B, C, and D, as specified in Table 2-3.2. All tests within Categories A, B, C, and D sha l lbe conducted in the order specified and are des igned as cumulative damage tests.

2-3.4 SCBA componen t s shall be initially tested and shall mee t the performance requ i rements of one test series of Category E, as specified in Table 2-3.2. SCBA c o m p o n e n t testing in Category E shall be conduc ted on test spec imens ,as specified in each respective test method .

2-3.5 After certification, compliant SCBA shall be tested annual ly within twelve m o n t h s f rom previous tests and shall mee t the per formance requ i rements of one test series of Categories A, B, C, D, and E, as specified in Table 2-3.2. Tlfis r equ i r emen t shall be waived every fifth year when the testing requi red by 2-3.5.1 is conducted.

2-3.5.1 Compl ian t SCBA shall be tested and shall mee t the per formance requ i rements of three separate test series of Categories A, B, C, and D, as specified in Table 2-3.2, every fifth year f rom the date o f the initial certification testing specified in 2-3.3.

2-3.5.2 SCBA componen t s shall be tested mad shall mee t the per formance requ i rements of one test series of Category E, as specified in Table 2-3.2, every fifth year f rom the date of initial certification testing specified in 2-3.4.

2-3.6 The certification organization shall no t ,-allow any modifications, pre t rea tment , condit ioning, or o ther such special processes of the product or any product c o m p o n e n t prior to the product ' s submission for ew, duat ion and testing by the certification organization. The certification organization shall accept f rom the mamffac turer for ew, duat ion and testing for certification only product or p roduc t componen t s that are the same in every respect to the actual final p roduc t or product component . The certification organization shall no t allow the substi tution, repair, or modification, odaer than ,x~ specifically permi t ted herein, of any product or any product c o m p o n e n t dur ing testing.

2-3.7 No adjustment , repair, or r ep lacement of parts shall be permit ted to any SCBA being tested in accordance with dais standard. Breatlfing gas cylinders shall be permi t ted to be filled as required.

2-3.8 Inspection and testing for de te rmin ing compl iance with the design requ i rements of this s tandard shall b e p e r f o r m e d on a complete SCBA unless otherwise specified within dais s tandard.

2-3.9 After complet ion of these tests for a specific mode l SCBA or its variant, only those tests on o ther similar SCBA models or variants shall be requi red where, in the de te rmina t ion of the certification organization, the SCBA's test results can he affected by any componen t s or accessories that are different f rom those on the original SCBA tested.

2-3.10 Any modifications made to an SCBA, or any accessories provided for ,an SCBA, by the SCBA manufac tu re r after certification shall require the retest ing and mee t ing of t h e p e r f o r m a n c e requi rements of all those individual tests that the certification organization de te rmines could be ,affected by such changes. This retesting shall be conduc ted before certifying the modif ied SCBA as be ing compliant with dais stancfard.

2-3.11 Inspection by the certification organizat ion shall include a review of all p roduc t labels to ensure that all required label a t tachments , compl iance statements , certification statements , and o ther product informat ion are at least as specified in Section 3-1.

2-3.12 Inspection by the certification organization shall include a review of the user informat ion required by Section 3-2 to ensure that the informat ion has been developed and is available:

2-3.13 Inspection by the certification organization for de te rmin ing compl iance with the design requ i rements specified in Chapter 4 shall be pe r fo rmed on whole or comple te products.

2-3.14 Where SCBA is provided with an accessory or accessories that are a t tached to or in tegrated with the SCBA, such accessories shall be tested with the SCBA in accordance with this s tandard. Accessories shall no t be requi red to meet any of the per formance requi rements o f this s tandard o ther than as speci f iedhere in .

2-3.15 Where certification testing includes an SCBA with an accessory or accessories, each accessory shall be certified :L~ complying with 4-1.4 and 4-1.5, as applicable.

2-4 Manufac turer ' s Quality Assurance Program.

2-4.1 The manufac tu re r shall provide and mainta in a quality assurance program that includes a d o c u m e n t e d inspection and product recall system. The manufac tu re r shall have an inspection system to substantiate conformance to this s tandard.

2-4.2 The manufac tu re r shall nmintain written inspect ion an d testing instructions. The instructions shall prescribe inspect ion and test o f materials, work in process, and comple ted articles. Criteria for acceptance and rejection of materials, processes, an d final product shall be part of the instructions.

2-4.3 The manufac tu re r shall main ta in records of a l lpass / fa i l tests. Pass/fail records shall indicate the disposition of the failed material or product .

2-4.4 The manufac tu re r ' s inspect ion system shall provide for procedures that assure the latest applicable drawings, specifications, and instructions are used for fabrication, inspection, and testing.

2-4.5 The manufac tu re r shall, as part of the quality assurance program, mainta in a calibration program of all ins t ruments used to ensure proper control of testing. The calibration program shall be d o c u m e n t e d as to the date of calibration and per formance verification.

2-4.6 The manufac tu re r shall mainta in a system for identifying the appropriate inspection status of c o m p o n e n t materials, work in process, and f inished goods.

2-4.7 The manufac tu re r sh~dl establish and maintain a system for controll ing noncon fo rming material, including procedures for the identifiication, segregation, and disposition of rejected material. All noncon fo rming materials or products shall be identified to prevent use, sh ipment , and in termingl ing with conforming materials or products.

2-4.8 The manufac tu re r ' s quality a s s u r a n c e p r o g r a m shall be audi ted by the certification organization to de termine that the system is sufficient to ensure con t inued product compliance with this s tandard.

2-5 ISO Registration for Manufacturers.

2-5.1 The manufac tu re r shall provide and operate a quality a s s u r a n c e p r o g r a m that meets the requ i rements of this Section and that includes a product recall system as specified in 2-2.9.

2-5.2 The manufac tu re r shall be registered to ISO 9001.

2-5.3 All e lements o f the protective ensemble shall be required to be assembled in a facility tha t is registered at least to ISO 9002.

2-5.4 The 1SO registration requ i rements shall have an effective date of 1 September 1999.

2-5.5 Until 1 September 1999, or until the date the manufac tu re r becomes ISO registered, whichever date occurs first, the manufac tu re r shall comply with Section 2-4.

Chapter 3 Labeling and Information

3-1 Product Label Requirements.

3-1.1 In addit ion to tile NIOSH certification label, each SCBA shall have a product label pe rmanent ly and conspicuously at tached to the SCBA.

3-1.2 Multiple label pieces shall be permi t ted in order to carry all s ta tements and informat ion required to be on the p roduc t label.

3-1.3 Tile certification organizat ion 's label, symbol, or identifying mark shall be a t tached to the product label or be part of the p roduc t label.

$-1.4 All worded port ions of the required produc t label shall at least be in English.

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5-1.5 Symbols and other pictorial graplfic representations shall be permit ted to be used to supplement worded statements on the product label (s).

3-1.6 The following statement shall be legibly pr inted on the product label. All letters and numbers shall be at least 1/16 in. (1.5 ram) high.

"THIS SCBA MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 1981, STANDARD ON OPEN-CIRCUIT SELF- CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS FOR FIRE FIGHTERS, 1997 EDITION."

3-1.7 The identification of the major components of the SCBA that are required for certification to this standard shall also b e p r i n t e d legibly on the product label. The major components l is tedby the manufacturer shall be identified with tile lot number or serial number or tile year and the month of manufacture. All letters and numbers shall be at least 1/16 in. (1.5 ram) high.

3-2 User Information.

3-2.1 Tile SCBAmanufacturer shall provide at least the training materiai and user instructions specified within this section with each SCBA.

$-2.2 Upon request at the time of purchase, the manufacturer shall provide to the purchaser an information sheet with each SCBA that documents at least the following:

(a) Manufacturing performance tests conducted at time of manufacture, and the results;

(b) Date of manufacture; (c) Model number; (d) Serial number; (e) Lo tnnmber , ifapplicable; ,and (f) Hydrostatic test dates and results, if applicable.

$-2.3 Information or training materials regarding pre-use shall be provided on at least the following areas:

(a) Safety considerations; (b) Limitations of use; (c) Charging breathing gas cylinders; (d) Breathing gas quality;, (e) Marking recommendat ions and restrictions; (f) Warranty inforrmttion; (g) Recommended storage practices; and (ll) Mounting o n / i n vehicles or fire apparatus.

$-2.4 Information or training materials regarding periodic inspections shall be provided on at least the following areas:

(a) Inspection frequency ,and details.

3-2.5 Information or training materials regarding donning and doffing shall be provided on at least the following areas:

(a) Donning and doffing procedures; (b) Adjustment procedures; and (c) Interface issues.

$-2.6 Information or training materials regarding use shall be provided on at least the following areas:

(a) Pre-use checks; (b) Proper use consistent with NFPA 1500, Standard onFire

Department Occupational Safety and Health Program; and (c) Recharging breathing-gas cylinders.

3-2.7 Inforrmation or training materials regarding periodic maintenance and clemaing shall be provided on at least the following areas:

(a) Cleaning instructions and precautions; (b) Disinfecting procedures; (c) Maintenance frequency ,and details; and (d) Methods of repair, where applicable.

3-2.8 Information or training materials regarding ret i rement shall be provided on at least the following areas:

(a) Replacement / re t i rement considerations.

Chapter 4 Design Requirements

4-1 General.

4-1.1" SCBA shall have a NIOSH certified weight not exceeding 35 lb (15.9 kg).

4-1.1.1 Where SGBA or SCBA components are integrated with other elements of protective clothing orprotect ive equipment and the combined weight exceeds 35 Ib (15.9 kg), the authority having jurisdiction shall be permit ted to specify a maximum weight of the SCBA with the integrated elements.

4-1.1.2 This maximum weight of the SCBA with the integrated elements shall not exceed 40 Ib (18.2 kg), as allowed by 42 CFR 84.

4-1.2 All electric circuits integral to an SC, BA, or to any SCBA accessories, shall meet the requirements for Class I, Division l hazardous locations specified in ANSI/UL 913, Standard for Intrinsical~ Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class L 11, and Ili, Division I Hazardous Locations.

4-1.3 All hardware, brackets, and snaps or other fasteners of SCBA or any accessories shall be free of rough spots, burrs, or sharp edges.

4-1.4 Any accessories attached to SC, BA shall not interfere with the function of the SCBA or with the function of any of the SCBA's component parts.

4-1.5 Where SCBA are provided with an accessory or accessories that are a t tadled to or integrated with the SCBA, the SCBA shall meet all of the design and performance requirements of this s tandard with accessories installed. In all cases, such accessories shall not degrade the performance of the SCBA.

Chapter 5 Performance Requirements

5-1" Air Flow Performance.

5-1.1 SCBA shall be tested for air flow performance as specified in Section 6-1, Air Flow Performance Test, and the SCBA facepiece pressure shall not be less than 0.00 in. (0.00 ram) water column nor greater than 5 1 /2 in. (89 ram) water column above ambient pressure from file time die test begins until tile time the test is concluded.

5-2 Environmental Temperature Performance.

5-2.1 SCBA shall be tested for environmental temperature erformance as specified in Section 6-2, Environmental emperature Tests.

5-2.1.1 When tested for cold environment as specified in 6-2.4, the SCBA facepiece pressure shall not be less than 0.00 in. (0.00 mm) water column nor greater than 3 1/2 in. (89 mm) water column above ambient pressure from the time the air flow test begins until the time the test is concluded.

5-2.1.2 When tested for hot environment as specified in 6-2.5, the SCBA facepiece pressure shall no t be less than 0.00 in. (0.00 mm) water column and shall not be greater than 3 1 /2 in. (89 mm) water column above ambient pressure from tile time the air flow test begins until tile time the test is concluded.

5-2.1.3 When tested for hot to cold environment as specified in 6- 2.6, the SCBA facepiece pressure shall not be less than 0.00 in. (0.00 mm) water column and shall not be greater than 3 1/2 in. (89 ram) water column above ambientpressure from the time the air flow test begins until the time tile test ts concluded.

5-2.1.4 When tested for cold to hot environment as specified in 6- 2.7, the SCBA facepiece pressure shall not be less than 0.00 in. (0.00 mm) water column and shall not be greater than 5 1/2 in. (89 ram) water column above ambient pressure from the time the test begins until the time tile air flow test is concluded.

5-3 Vibration Resistance Performance.

5-3.1 SCBA shall be tested for vibration resistance as specified in Section 6-5, Vibration Tests, and file SCBA facepiecepressure shall not be less than 0.00 in. (0.00 mm) water column and shall not be greater than 5 1/2 in. (89 mm) water column above ambient pressure from the time the air flow test begins until the time the test is concluded.

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5-4 Fabric Flame Resistance Performance.

5-4.1 Specimens of the fal)ric components of SCBA that are used to secure the SCBA to tile wearer shall be tested for flame resistance as specified in Section 6-4, Fabric Flame Tests, and shall have an average char lengtil of riot more than 4.0 in. (101.6 mm), shall have an average :fftertlame of not more than 2.0 seconds, and shall not melt or drip.

.5-5 Fabric Heat Resistance Performance.

~5.1 Specimens of the lahric components of SCBA that are used to secure the SCBA to tile wearer shall be tested for heat resistance as specified in Section 6-5, Fabric Heat Tests, and shall not melt or lgmte.

.5-6 Thread Heat Resistance Performance.

g6.1 Specimens of thread used in SCBA components shall be tested for heat resistance as specified in Section 6-6, Thread Heat Test, and shall not melt or ignite.

.5-7 Accelerated Corrosion Resistance Performance.

5-7.1 S(;BA shall be tested for corrosion resistance as sp.ecified in Section 6-7, Accelerated Corrosion Test, and any corrosion shall not prohibit tile [)roper use and fimctiou as specified in the manufacturer 's instructioi~s of any cmitrol or operating feature of tile SCBA. In additioti, the SCBA facepiece pressure shall not be less than 0.00 in. (0.00 mm) water column and shall not be greater than 3 1/2 in. (89 mm) water column above ambient pressure from the time the air flow test hegins until flae time the test is concluded.

5-8 Particulate Resistance Performance.

5-8.1 SCBA shall be tested for particulate resistance as specified in Section 6-8, Particulate Test, and tile SCBA facepiece pressure shall not be less than 0.00 in. (0.00 mm) water colum-n and-shall not be greater than 3 1/2 in. (89 mm) water column above ambient pressure from the time the air flow test begins until the time the test is concluded.

5-9* Facepiece Lens Abrasion Resistance Performance.

5-9.1 Specimen SGBA facepiece lenses shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in Section 6-9, Facepiece Lens Abrasion Test, and the average value of the tested specimens shall not exhibit a delta haze greater than 14.0 percent.

5-10" Communications Performance.

5-10.1 Specimens of tile SCBA's primary communication means, as identified by the SCBA manufaculrer, shall be tested for communications performance as specified in Section 6-10, Communications Test, and shall have an average calculated value of not less than 72 percent.

5-11 Heat and Flame Resistance Performance.

5-11.1 SCBA shall be tested for heat and flame resistance ,as specified in Section 6-11, Heat and Flame Test, and the SCBA facepiece pressure shall not be less dmn 0.00 in. (0.00 ram) water cohnnn and sball not be greater than 3 1/2 in. (89 m m ) water column above ambient pressure from file time the test begins until the time the test is concluded.

5-11.2 When the SCBA and SCBA accessories are tested ,as specified in Section 6-11, Heat and Flame Test, no components of the SCBA mad no accessories shall have an afterflame of more than 2.2 seconds.

5-11.$ When the SCBA ,are tested as specified in Section 6-11, Heat and Flame Test, no component of the SCBA shall separate or fail in such a manner that would cause the SCBA to be worn and used in a position not specified by file manufacturer 's instructions.

5-11.4 When the SCBA facepiece is tested as specified in Section 6- 11, Heat ,and Flame Test, file facepiece lens shall not obscure vision below the 20/100 vision criterion.

Chapter 6 Test Methods

6-1 Air Flow Performance Test.

6-1.1" The facepiece of the SCBA being tested shall be secured to Scott Aviation Model No. 803608-01 or 803608-02 test beadform or equivalent. The facepiece shall be secured to the headform to

assure that an initial pressure of 1.0 in., _49.1 in. (25.4 mm, +_2.5 ram) water column below ambient slmll not decay by more than 0.2 in. (5.1 mm) water column in 5 seconds.

6-1.2 The remaining components of the SCBA shall be mounted in accordance with Figure 6-1.2 to simulate its typical wearing position, as specified by the manufacturer, on a fire fighter.

[~

• 0

o° , d

i / 46in.

" J / / ,

32 in.

1 ?

Figure 6-1.2 Typical breathing machine conf'Lguratlon for air flow performance test.

6-1.3 A pressure probe shall be attached to the test beadform to monitor facepiece pressure. The pressure probe shall be a 0.25 in. (6.4 nun) OD. with 0.062 in. (1.6 mm) wall thickness metal tube having one open end and one closed end. The closed end shall have four equally spaced boles, each 0.062 in., _-/-0.005 in. ( 1.6 ram, _+0.1 ram), and positioned 0.250 in., _-+0.02 in. (6.4 ram, _+0.5 ram) from the end of the pressure probe.

6-1.4 The closed end of tile pressure probe shall extend through the test head form, exiting out the center of the left eye. The pressure probe shall extend 0.50 in., +0.06/-0.0 in. (12.7 ram, +1.5/-0.0 ram) outward from the surface of the center of the left eye.

6-1.5 The open end of the pressure probe shall extend a maximum of 457 mm (18 in.) and a minimum of 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) outward from the back surface of the test headform.

6-1.6 A maximum o f t 5-ft (1.5-m) length of nominal 0.188 in. (4.8 ram) ID. flexible smoothbore tubing with a nominal 0.062-in. (l.6- mm) wall thickness shall be permitted to be connected from the open end of the pressure probe to the inlet of the pressure transducer.

6-1.7" A differential pressure ~wansducer having the following characteristics shall be used:

(a) Range: 8.9 in. (226 mm) of water differential; (b) Linearity: _-+0.5 percent Full Scale (FS) best slxalght line; (c) Line Pressure Effect: Less than 1 percent FS zero shift/1000

psig; (d) Output: _+_2.5 Vdc for +FS; (e) Output Ripple: 10 my peak to peak; (f) Regulation: FS output shall not change more than +0. I

percent for input voltage change from 22 to 35 Vdc; Temperature, Operating: +65°F to 250°F (+54°C to 121°(3);

I ~ Temperature, Compensated: O°F to +160°F (-8°C tO +71°C); and

(i) Temperature Effects: Within 2 percent FS/100°F (55.6°C), error band.

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6-1.8" The differential pressure t ransducer shall be appropriately connec ted to a strip chart recorder having the following characteristics:

(a) A chart width of 9.8 in. (250 ram);

(b) A pen speed of at least 29.5 in . / sec (750 m m / s e c ) (0.333 sec FS);

(c) A n accuracy of_+0.25 percent FS;

(d) An inpu t voltage ~,-ange of 1 V FS; and

(e) A span set at 0.98 in. (25 mm) of chart per 1.0 in. (25.4 ram) water column.

6-1.9 The test beadforrn shall be equ ipped with a stainless steel brea th ing tube having an 0.90 in. (22.9 mm) ID. with 0.024 in. (0.6 ram) wall thickness. The metal brea th ing tube shall be located on the centerl ine of the mou th and shall be flush with the test headform.

6-1.I0 The metal brea th ing tube shall ex tend outward f rom either the back or the base surface of fire test head fo rm a m i n i m u m of 8 in. (203 m m ) and a m a x i m u m of 18 in. (457 n~'n).

6-1.11 If flexible smoothbore tub ing is used from the metal brea th ing tube to the inlet connect ion of the brea th ing machine , it shall have a m a x i m u m length of 4 ft (1.2 m) and a 0.75~ in. (19.0 mm) ID. with nominal 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) wall thickness.

6-1.12" A Model 327-6 Breatlting Machine, as shown in Figures 6-1.12(a) (shown on page 374), (b) (shown on page 375), and (c) (shown on page 376), shall be used. The breathing mach ine shall be set to the following characteristics:

(a) Ventilation rate (L/ra in) : 103, +_3; (b) Respiratory f requency (b rea ths /min) : 30, _+1; and (c) Tidal volume (L): 3.4 nominal .

6-1.13 The test condit ions shall be as follows:

(a) Anlbient temperature: 72°F, -.ffi°F (22°C, +_3°C); (b) Relative humidity: 50 percent , +-.25 percent; and (c) Barometric pressure: 725 m m Hg, +50/-70 m m Hg.

6-1.13.1 The dew point of brea th ing gas charged into the SCBA brea th ing gas cylinders shall no t be h igher than -65°F (-54°C) at the outlet por t of file charge line. The air shall mee t or exceed the requi rements of the specification for Grade D brea th ing air as specifi ed in ANSI/CGA G-7.1, Commodi~ Specification for Air.

6-1.14" The test set-up for conduc t ing the air flow per formance test shall be calibrated at least once each day before conduc t ing tests and shall be verified at least once each day after testing. The calibration procedure utilized for the differential pressure t ransducer shall consist of conf i rming at least three different pressures between 0.0 in. and 5.0 in. (0.0 m m and 127 ram) water column. T he pressure shall be measured us ing an incline m a n o m e t e r or equivalent with a scale measur ing in increments of-+0.02 in. (_+0.5 ram) water co lumn or less.

6-1.15 The SCBA being tested shall utilize a fidly charged brea th ing gas cylinder. The air flow per formance test shall begin after five cycles of the breathing machine and cont inue to operate th rough 30 cycles of the breathing mach ine after actuat ion of die end-of-service- t ime indicator.

6-1.16 The facepiece pressure shall be read from tile strip char t recorder to de te rmine p,~ss/fail.

6-2 Environmental Tempera tu re Tests.

6-2.1 The environmelJml temperaUtre tests specified in this section shall be permi t ted to be conducted in any sequence. After per forming each test, the SCBA shall be placed in an ambient env i ronmen t of 72°F, ----~°F (22°C, +--3°C) with a relative humidi ty of 50 percent, +25 percent for a m i n i m u m 12-bour dwell period.

6-2.2 The SCBA shall be placed in an appropriate environmental chamber and posi t ioned to simulate the normal wearing position of the SCBA on a fire fighter ,as specified by the manufacturer . A test headfo rm as specified in 6-1.1 shall be equipped with a the rmocouple or o ther temperature-sensing e lement to mo~fitor SCBA test chamber temperature . The thel 'mocouple or other temperature-sensing e lement used shall be at tached to tile tes~ headfo rm in a m a n n e r in which it will be directly exposed to the chamber a tmosphere . The test headform shall be connec ted to the brea th ing machine in accordance with Section 6-1. The brea th ing mach ine shall be permit ted to be located either inside or outside the envi ronmenta l chamber .

6-2.3 The dwell period between envi ronmenta l tempera ture tests shall be used for refilling the breathing gas cylinder and visually inspect ing the SCBA for any gross damage that could cause unsafe test conditions.

6-2.4 The SCBA shall be cold soaked at-25°F, +-2°F (-32°C, +I°C) for a m i n i m u m of 12 hours. The SCBA shall be tested as specified in Section 6-1, Air Flow Performance Test, at an ambien t tempera ture of-25°F, +10°F (-32°C, +_5°C).

6-2.5 The SCBA shall be hot soaked at 160°F, +-2°F (71°C, - I °C) for a m i n i m u m of 12 hours. The SCBA shall t hen be tested as specified in Section 6-1, Air Flow Performance Test, at an ambien t t empera ture of 160°F, _+10°F (71°C, zk5°C).

6-2.6 The SCBA shall be ho t soaked at 160°F, +'2°F (71°C, _+I°C) for a m i n i m u m of 12 hours . The SCBA shall then be transferred to a chamber with an air t empera tu re of-25°F, +_2°F (-32°C, +_I°C). The SCBA shall allen be tested as specified in Section 6-1, Air Flow Performance Test, at a chamber air t empera ture of-25°F, +_I0°F (- 32°C, zt5°C). The air flow per formance test specified in Section 6-1 shall c o m m e n c e within 3 minutes after removal f rom hot soak.

6-2.7 The SCBA shall be cold soaked at-25°F, +-2°F (-32°(;, +-I°C) l~)r a m i n i m u m of 12 hours. The SCBA shall then be transferred to a chamber with an air tempera ture of 160°F, +-.2°F (71 °C, +1 °C). The SCBA shall then be tested as specified in Section 6-1, Air Flow Performance Test, at a chamber air tempera ture of 160°F. +I0°F (71°C, z~°C). The air flow per formance test specified in Section 6-1 shall c o m m e n c e within 3 minutes after removal from cold soak.

6-3 Vibration Tests.

6-3.1 SCBA shall be tested on a typical package tester similar to that shown in Figu re 514.4-19 of MIL-STD-810E, Environmental Test Methods, within holding boxes as specified in 6-3.2.

6-3.2 Holding boxes for the vibration test shall be constructed with nomina l 3/4-in. plywood and shall be sized to encase the complete SCBA in one holding box and the SCBA componen t s in a second hold ing box.

6-3.2.1 The tops of the holding bdxes shall be permi t ted to be made of t ransparent material to allow observation dur ing testing.

6-3.2.2 The SCBA holding box shall be constructed to encase the complete SCBA. SCBA regulators and hoses shall remain at tached to the complete SCBA. The SCBA facepiece and those componen t s flint attach directly to tlae facepiece, excluding regulators, shall not be included in the SCBA hold ing box.

6-3.2.3 The travel distance between the widest part of the SCBA and the sideboards of the SCBA hold ing box shall be a total of 1.0 in., _+0.2 in., or 0.5 in., _+0.1 i n . p e r side (25.4 ram, +_5 ram, or 13 mm, +_3 m m per side). The travel diseance between the highest point of the SCBA and the bot tom of the SCBA holding box top shall be a total of 1.0 in., -+0.2 in. (25.4 ram, +_5 mm).

6-3.2.4 The total travel distance shall be measured with all mow, thle components , excluding those componen t s specified in 6-3.2.5, conf igured to minimize the size of the SCBA holding box. The highest point of the SCBA shall be measured with the SCBA oriented with dae back plate resting on the bot tom of the SCBA holding box as shown in Figure 6-3.2.4 (shown on page 376).

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F i g u r e 6 - 3 . 4 ( a ) S C B A c y l i n d e r a x i s p e r p e n d i c u l a r to d i r e c t i o n of t e s t e r movement .

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Figure 6-3.2.4 SCBA in holding box.

6-3.2.5 The second hold ing box for componen t s shall be constructed to encxLse file facepiece and those componen t s tha t attach directly to tile facepiece, excluding the regulator and associated hoses.

6-3.2.6 The total travel distance between the widest part of the SCBA componen t s and tile sideboards of tile c o m p o n e n t hold ing box shall be 1.0 in., _+0.2 in., or 0.5 in., _+0.1 in. per side (25.4 ram, +_:5 mm, or 13 mm, ~ m m per side). The total travel distance between tile highest point of the facepiece and the bot tom of tile c o m p o n e n t holding box top shall be 1.0 in., --+0.2 in. (25.4 ram, +_5 mm) .

6-3.2.7 The total travel distance shall be measured witii all movable components , ,as specified in 6-3.2.5, conf igured to minimize tile size of the c o m p o n e n t holding box. The llighest point of tile SCBA facepiece shall be measured with tile facepiece or iented with tire outer port ion of the lens facing the top of the c o m p o n e n t holding box.

6-3.3 Tile test items shall be placed unres t ra ined in the holding boxes specified in 6-3.2 and shall be tested to file level ,as specified in I-3.3.3.2 of Method 514.4, Vihration, of MIL~STD-810E, Environ~ntal Test Methods.

6-3.4 The test shall be conduc ted with tile test spec imen situated in each of tile two positions shown in Figure 6-3.4(a) and Figure 6- 3.4(b). Tile total test durat ion shall be three hours, consisting of two 90-minute periods, one period for each position.

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Figure 6-3.4(b) SCBA cylinder axis parallel to direction of t e s t e r movement .

6-3.5 After being subjected to tile vibration tests, die SCBA shall be tested as specified in Section 6-1, Air Flow Performance TesL

6-4 Fabric Flame Tests.

6-4.1 Five spec imens of each different fabric c o m p o n e n t of the SCBA shall be tested in accordance with Metilod 5903.1, Flame Resistance of Cloth, Vertical, of Federal Test Method Stancktrd 191A, Textile Test Methods.

6-4.2 Test spec imens shall be a m i n i m u m of 12 in. (305 m m ) long and shall be tested in tile width specified by tile prescribed test method. Test spec imens shall be cut f rom a s tandard product ion run of the fabric componen t s used in the SCBA. If the fabric componen t s are no t available in the width specified in Method 5903.1, tile width of the test spec imen shall be tire widest width as used on the SCBA, but shall be a m i n i m u m of 12 in. (305 ram) long.

6-4.3 The five test spec imens shall first be condi t ioned by five cycles of washing and drying in accordance with the procedures specified in Machine Cycle 1, Wash Tempera tu re V, Drying Procedure Ai, of ANSI/AATCC 135, Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics, prior to f lame resistance testing•

376

N F P A 1981 1 A 9 7 R O P

6-4.4 Tile char lengths mid afierflame shall be recorded, and each shall be averaged to de te rmine pass/fail. Spec imens shall be observed for evidence of mel t ing or ignition to de te rmine pass/fail.

6-5 Fabric Heat Tests.

6-5.1 Five spec imens of each different fabric c o m p o n e n t of the SCBA shall be tested in a forced circulating air oven capable of a c h i e v i n g a n d main ta in ing an air s t ream tempera ture of 500°F, +10°/-0°17 (260°C, +5°/-0°C).

6-5.2 Test spec imens shall be 15 x 15 in., -+0.5 in. (381 x 381 ram, -+13 ram) and shall be cut f rom a s tandard product ion run of the fabric componen t s ttsed in the SCBA. If the fabric is no t available in a 15-in. (381-mm) width, the width of the test spec imen shall be the widest width ,as used on the SCBA, but shall be a m i n i m u m of 15 in. (381 ram) long.

6-5.3 The five test spec imens shall first be condi t ioned by five cycles of washing and drying in accordance with the procedures specified in Machine Cycle 1, Wash Tempera tu re V, Drying Procedure Al, of ANSI/AATCC 135, Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fab~ic.~, prior to hea t resistance testing.

6-5.4 Tile test spec imen shall be suspended by a metal hook(s) at tile top and centered in file oven so that the entire test spec imen is no t less than 2 in. (51 mm) f rom any oven surface or ano the r test specimen. Oven air flow shall be parallel to the plane of the material.

6:5.5 Test spec imens shall be exposed to the circulating air flow for 5 minutes , +15/-0 seconds. Oven recovery time ,after tile door is closed shall no t exceed one minute . Test spec imen exposure t ime shall begin when tile oven has recovered to an air t empera ture of 500°F, +10°/-0°F (260°C, +5°/-0°C).

6-5.6 Specimens shall be observed for evidence of mel t ing or ignition to de te rmine pass/fail.

6-6 Thread Heat Test.

6-6.1 All th read utilized shall be tested in accordance with Method 1534, Melting Point of Synthetic Fibers, of Federal Test Method Standard 191 A, Textile Test Methods. to a t empera tu re of 500°F, +10 ° /-0°F (260°C, +5°/-0°C).

6-6.2 Specimens shall be observed for evidence of mel t ing or ignit ion to de te rmine pass/fail.

6-7 Accelerated Corrosion Test.

6-7.1 An SCBA with a fitlly charged brea th ing gas cylinder, with the brea th ing gas cylinder valve f i t ly closed, sha l /be tested in accordance with Method 509.3, Salt Fog, Section II, of MIL-STD- 810E, Environmental Test Methods.

6-7.2 The SCBA shall be a t tached to a m a n n e q u i n to simulate its typical wearing position on a fire f ighter as specified by the manufacturer . The m a n n e q u i n shall then be placed in a test chamber . Tile test chamber tempera ture shall be adjusted to 95°F, .+_.3°F (35°C, +9°C). The SC, BA shall be placed in file chamber for 2 hr prior to fl~e int roduct ion of the salt solution.

6-7.3 The SCBA shall be exposed to a 5 percent , +1 percent salt fog for a period of 48 hr.

6-7.4 The SCBA shall fllen be s tored in an env i ronment o f 72°F, +_5°F (22°C, +_3°C) with 50 percent , +_5 percent relative humidi ty for a m i n i m u m of 48 hr.

6-7.5 The SCBA shall t hen be tested as specified in Section 6-1, Air Flow Performance Test, to de te rmine pass/Rdl. All controls or operat ing features of the SCBA shall operate per the SGBA manufac tu re r ' s instructions to de te rmine pass/fall.

6-8 Particulate Test.

6-8.1 A fitlly charged SCBA shall be subjected to Method 510.3, Sand ,and Dust, Section II-3, Procedure 1, of MIL,STD-810E, Environmental Test Methods.

6-8.2 The facepiece of the SCBA being tested shall be secured to a test headform ,as specified in 6-1.1.

6-8.3 The test headfo rm shall be j o ined to a m a n n e q u i n with the remain ing componen t s of the SCBA at tached to the m a n n e q u i n to simulate its typical wearing position on a fire fighter, as specified by the manufacturer .

6-8.4 The test headfo rm shall be connected, as specified in Section 6-1, to a Model 327-6 Breathing Machine or o ther respiration s imulator p roduc ing a minu te vo lume of 40 liters, +_2 fiters at ambien t conditions, as specified in 6-1.13, with a m i n i m u m tidal vo lume of 1.6 liters per breath at a m i n i m u m respiration of 10 breaths per minute .

6-8.5 The mannequ in , including the test headform, shall be m o u n t e d upr igh t and tu rned about its vertical axis 180 degrees midway th rough the test. The test dura t ion shall be 1 hr, and the brea th ing mach ine shall be operat ing t h roughou t the entire test. The test shall be permi t ted to be i n t e r rup t ed to change the SCBA brea th ing gas cylinder.

6-8.6 The test condit ions as out l ined per Method 510.3, Sand and Dust, of MIL-STD-810E, Environmental Test Methods, Section I-3d, shall be:

(a) Air velocity:. 1750 f t /min . , +-250 f t /min . (533.4 re~rain.. +76.2 m / m i n . ) ;

(b) Tempera ture : 72°F, ~ ° F (22°C, +_3°(');

(c) Test i tem configurat ion and orientation: m a n n e q u i n upr ight and rotated 180 degrees midway th rough the test;

(d) Dust composition: Refer to Section I-3.2d (1);

(e) Dust concentrat ion: Refer to Section I-3.2e (1); and

(f) Test duration: 1.0 hr.

6-8.7 After the complet ion of the above test, the SCBA shall be removed f rom tile test compar tment ; it shall be lightly shaken or b rushed free of dus t and then shall be tested as specified in Section 6-1, Air Flow Performance Test, to de te rmine pass/fail.

6-9 Faceplece Lens Abrasion Test.

6-9.1 Tile test apparatus shall be const ructed in accordance with Figure 6-9.1 (shown on pages 378 and 379).

6-9.2 Seven samples shall be chosen from a m i n i m u m of three facepiece lenses. Four samples shall be taken from the left viewing area, and three samples shall be taken from the right viewing area. One of file four samples taken f rom the left viewing area shall be the set-up sample.

6-9.2.1 The left test samples shall include all of the following criteria:

(a) The sample shall be a square measur ing 2 x 2 in. (51 x 51 m m ) .

(b) Two edges of tile square section shall be parallel within +-2 degrees of the axis of the cylinder or cone in die center of tile sample.

(c) At least 1 1 /2 in. (38 m m ) of the 2 x 2-in. (51 x 51-ram) square shall be taker / f rom the left side of tile center line of the lens.

(d) The 2 x 2-in. (51 x 51-mm) square shall be c u t a t approximately eye level.

6-9.2.2 The r ight test samples shall include all of the following criteria:

(a) The sample shall be a square measur ing 2 x 2 in. (51 x 51 mm) .

(b) Two edges of the sc[uare section shall be parallel within +-2 degrees of the axis o f the cylinder or cone in the center of the sample.

(c) At least 1 1 /2 in. (38 mm) of the 9 x 2-in. (51 x 51-mm) square shall be taken f rom tile r ight side of the center line of the lens.

(d) The 2 x 2-in. (51 x 51-mm) square shall be cut at approximately eye level.

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6-9.3 Each of the samples shall be c leaned in the following manner :

(a) The sample shall be r insed with clean tap water.

(b) The sample shall be washed with a solution of non ion ic / low phospha te de te rgent and water us ing a clean, soft ganze pad.

(c) The sample shall be r insed with deionized water.

(d) The sample shall be hlown dry with clean compressed air or nitrogen.

6-9.4 Tile haze of the sanlple shall be measured us ing a haze meter in accordance with %STM D 1003, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Pktstic.~, and recorded with the following additions:

(a) The haze shall be measu red in the middle of the sample _+1/16 in. (_+1.6 mm).

(b) The sample shall be reposi t ioned to achieve the m a x i m u m haze vz, due within the area def ined in (a).

(c) Tile haze mete r shall have a specified aper ture o f 7 /8 in. (22.4 mm) .

(d) The haze meter shall have a visual display showing 0.1 percent resolution.

(e) Tile haze mete r shall be calibrated before and after each day's nse following procedures specified in ASTM D 1003, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics.

6-9.5 The set-up sample shall be placed cover side up in the test apparauls sample holder . T he sample holder shall be conf igured with a flat surface nnde r the lens or with an inne r radius support .

6-9.6 Tile pad holder shall consist of a cylinder 3 / 8 in. (9.6 m m ) high and 1 in. (25.4 mm) in d iameter widl a radius of curvature equal to the radius of curvau~re of the outside of the lens in tile viewing area_+0.25 diopter. This cylinder shall be rigidly affixed to the stroking arm by a # 10-32 11NF th readed rod.

6-9.7* The pad shall be a Blue Streak M306M wool felt polishing pad 15/16 in. (23.8 mm) in diameter .

6-9.8* The ab~lsive disc shall be made f rom 3M Part Number 7415, Wood Finishing Pad. A disc 15/16 in. (23.8 ram) in d iameter shall be cut f rom the abt~Lsive sheet. T he marked side of the disc shall be placed ag:dnst the pad. Care shall be exercised to mainta in dais orientation for each abra.sive disc througl~out tile testing.

6-9.9 The pad holder, pad, a n d abrasive disc shall be installed on the stroking arm. The stroking arm shall be leveled to ~ degrees by adjust ing the t h r e a d e d p i n . T he pin shall be secured to prevent rotation of the pad holder. Tile axis of curvature of the pad bolder shall be coincident with the axis of curvature of the lens.

6-9.10 The stroking arm shall be counte rba lanced with the pad holder, pad, and abrasive disc in place.

6-9.11 The set-up sample shall be replaced with one of the six samples to be tested.

6-9.12 The 1000-g, +-5 g (2.2-1b, :k-0.18 lb) test weight shall be installed on the pin above the test sample.

6-9.13 The test shall be run for 200 cycles, +1 cycle. One cycle shall consist of a complete revolution of the eccentric wheel.

6-9.14 Tile length of stroke shall be 9 / 16 in. (14.4 ram), producing a pattern 1 1 /2 in. (38.1 ram) h mg. The f requency of the stroke shall be 60 cycles, +_1 cycle per minute . The center of the stroke shall be within -+1 / 16 in. (+1.6 ram) of the center of the sample.

6-9.15 The sample shall be removed and cleaned following the procedure specified in 6-9.3. The ahr~sive disc shall be discarded.

6-9.16 The haze of the sample shall be measured following the procedure specified in 6-9.4.

6-9.17 The deha haze shall be calculated by subtract ing the initial haze from the final haze.

6-9.18 The test ing steps specified in 6-9.3 th rough 6-9.16 shall be repeated five t imes with a new sample and abrasive disc.

6-9.19 The six delta haze values shall be averaged. The resultant value shall be compared to file value specified in 5-9.1 to de te rmine pass/fail.

6-10 Communica t ion Test.

6-10.1 The me thod for measur ing word intelligibility sllall be as specified in ANSI. . $3.2, Method fi'or Mea.surin. the Intelligibility. of Speech over Communtcatwn Systems, as modif ied by t~le following requirements .

6-10.2 Tes t ing shall be conducted in a chamber that absorbs a m i n i m u m o fg0 percent of all s ound f rom 500 to 5000 Hz.

6-10.3 Five listening subjects and five talkers consisting of four males and one female shall be available for testing. The subjects participating as listeners shall have "audiometrically normal" hear ing as def ined in Section 5.3 of ANSI $3.2, Method for Measuffng the lnteUigibility of Speech over Communication Systems. Talkers an d listeners shall be selected and t ra ined according to Section 7 of ANSI $3.2.

6-10.4 The five talkers shall no t have facial hair, any unusua l facial characteristics, or any o ther condit ion tha t could cause interference with the seal of the facepiece. The talkers shall pe r form an d pass a qualitative facepiece-to-face fit check per the SCBA manufac ture r ' s instructions. If the talker is qualified to wear several sizes of facepieces, t hen the talker shall choose the facepiece that is most comfortable.

6-10.5 The five talkers shall be t ra ined in the d o n n i n g and usage of the SCBA per manufac tu re r ' s instructions.

6-10.6 The five talkers shall have no obvious speech defect or s t rong regional accent. Distance between the talker and listener(s) shall be 5 ft, + l / -0 ft (1.5 m, +30.5/-0 cm), and they shall be facing each other.

6-10.7 The test material shall be tile reading of one complete list of phonetically balanced words as conta ined in Table l of ANSI $3.2, Method for Measuring the Intelligibility. of Speech over Communication Systems. The words shall be spoken singularly in tile following carrier sentence: "Would you write (list word) now?" The rate shall be approximately one test word every six seconds. The talkers shall be t rained to talk at 65-75 dBA without ma SCBA facepiece, me~tsured at the l istener 's ear, placing no unusual stress on any word. Training shall include the use of background noise as def ined in 6-10.9. The talkers shall no t vary their voice level after the facepiece is d o n n e d f rom that used without the facepiece. The listeners shall write each word as they hear it.

6-10.8 Tile talkers shall conduc t two tests in the chamber having an ambien t noise field as specified in 6-10.9, us ing a different word-list for each of the following conditions:

(a) With no SCBA; and

(b) With SCBA worn a n d opera ted per the SCBA manufac tu re r ' s instructions.

6-10.9 The test chamber shall be filled with b roadband "pink" noise with a tolerance of 6 dB per octave band f rom 400 to 4000 Hz. The forward axis of the loudspeaker shall be or iented away f rom the listener group. The distance between the loudspeaker and the listeners sha l lbe as great as possible so as to create a quasi-uniform sound field over the l istening group. More than o n e l o u d s p e a k e r shall be permi t ted to be u sed to achieve the desired sound field. The gain of the power amplifier shall be adjusted to achieve an A- weighted sound level of 60 dB, +_2 dB at each listener 's head position, without listeners present.

6-10.10 Each listener 's response form shall be scored as to tile n u m b e r of correct responses out of the 50 words recited. Talkers' speech shall be recorded or moni to red closely dur ing the tests to de te rmine if tile talkers conform to file word list specified for that test. Listeners ' scores sball be based on the words actually spoken by the talkers. Listeners ' scores shall no t be reduced because of speaking mistakes of the talkers or spelling errors that are phonetically correct.

6-10.11 All of the listeners' scores without the SCBA used by file talker shall be averaged. All of the listeners' scores with the SCBA used by tile talker shall be averaged. The average score of the five listeners for the talker us ing the SCBA shall be divided by the

380

NFPA 1981-- A97 ROP

average score of the five listeners for the talker WithOUt USing the SCBA, and the result shall be ~alled the "score value." procedure shall be performedfor each o f the five talkers.

6-10.12 The average of thescore values obtained in 6.10.11 shall be calculated.

6-10.12.1 I f the average of the score values >72 percent, this average score value shall be used to determihe pass/fall as specified in Section 5-10.

6.10.12.2 If the average of the score values <72 percent, the sample standard deviation (s~d.) of~he score values shall be calculated in the following manner:.

where x = score values and N = sample size (5).

6-I 0,12.3 If the calculated sample standard deviation of the test score values >10.0, the test shall be invalidated; and the procedures of 6.10.7 through 6-10.12.6 shall be repeated.

6-10.12~4 If the calculated sample standarddevloilon of the test score values <I0.0, a test statistic T value shall be!calculated.to determine if the average Of the score values obtained is or is not equivalent to 72 percent; it shall be calculated in the following mal~ner:

T = (U.- ~ ) ' f N

s.d.

where: X = average of the score values N ~= sample size (5) p = 72 percent s.d. = uunple standard deviation.

6.10.12.5 For T values < 2.13, the score value shall be considered to be equivalent to a score value of 72 percent and shall be 0sed to determine pass/fall as specified, in Section 5-10.

6.10.12.6 For T values >2.13. the score value shall beas calculated in 6-10.12.- This calculated score value shall be used to determine pass/ fail as specified in Section 5-10.

6-1 I* Heat mad Flame Test.

6.11.1 A test mannequin meeting the requirements specified in Figure~6-11.1 (shown on page ~82) shall be provided.

6.11.2" The test mannequin shall h~ve a protective covering. The protective covering slmll b e designed and c o m m u t e d as follows.

6.11.2.1 The assembledprotective c . o v e ~ composite consisting of an outer shell, mOisture barrier, and thern-~l liner shall ha~e an ~ average Thermal Protective P e r f o r c e (TPP) of not less~beO~55,0 when tested in accordance with Section 5-2 of NFPA 1971, Y~nulmd on Prota~/w Clot/dngfpr ~ P/r~/~ght/~.

6.11.2.2 The outer shell zimll be 40 percent PBI®/60 percent rip stop weave, weighing approximately 7-5 oz/~q p:l (255 g / m ), w~th a water repellentfinlsh. Color shall be nami-al, u n d i d .

6-11.2.3 "~be thermal liner sl~dl be constrt~cted o f a 3.0-oz/sq yd (102-g/m z) rip-stop pajama ch~ck Nomex ~ III facecloth quilt- stitched to 100 Rercent Nomex ~ 1II batdng of approximately 6.0 oz / sq yd (2o4 g/m~).

6-11.2.4 The moisture barrier shall be constructed of approximately 2.25-oz/sq yd (76.g/m 2) polyester /co, on fabric that is coated with approximately 6.5 oz/sq yd (221 g / m ~) of flame-resistant neoprene.

6-11.2.~ The moisture barrier shall be completely sewn to the thermal liner at its perimeter with the neoprene side facing outward from the thermal liner. All edges shall be sewn t o~ether a n d b o u n d with non-wicklog moisture barrier material. The hner/moisture barrier shall be no more than 3 in. (76 mm) from the coat hem.

6-11.2.6 The moisture tmrrterm~d thermal liner shall be completely detachable from the outer shell.

6-11.2.7 The protective covering shall be stitched with Kevlar thread using a minimum of 6 to 8 stitches per inch (25.4 nun). AH major seams are to be double stitched andfel led locked with all inside u ~ m to be finished with Kevlar thread. -All stress points shall be reinforced. No metal shall pass from the outside of the protective . coyeringthroush the moisture barrier and liner to came the transfer of heat to the ntamiequin when thepJfo tec t~ covering is completely assembled. The protective covering, including the front clmure, shall beconseructed | n a manner that provides ~cu re and complete \ moisture and t h e r n ~ protection. If no.npmidve fasteners, such as

or hook-al~i-pile tape, are utilized tn garment dosure~ a _ p o d ~ lockingfastener, such as hooks and dees or zippers, Shall also be ~ Pockets and fluorescent retroreflective u'im shall not be installed.

6-11.2.8 The collar shall be made of four-piece consuucfion c o m i s t t ~ o~ottter shell material on both the back, of outside, and next t o t h e mamlequ~,necL The two inner la]ners shall comist of a thermal liner and moistare barrier. No throat m a p shall be attached.

"6-11JL9 Sleeve outside seams shall be felled, while inside seams shall b e lock stitched,

l l .2 .10 All ~ covemshalLmeamre 55 in. (889 mm) long n memur6c~from the center of the back collar seam to the hem.

The p ro teo~e ¢ov~ size dudl be 444n. (118-ram) chest x S4-in. (Se~,:mm) steele.

be d ded d ot be used after th?ee flame expaaures of the flame and heat

test.

6-11.8 A test headform meeting the requirementsspecified in 6-I.1 idudl be mud o n t h e test mannequin.

6.11.4 Tile teatheadform shau be attached to the Model 327-6 e z ~ Machine as specified in Wtgures 6.1.12(a), (b), and (c),

e ~nodiftc:ation that a 0.75 in. (19 mm) ID, breathing hme, not longer than 25f t (7.6 m), s ~ . be attached to the tee in the breathing machin e and the throat tube of the test mannequin headform.

6-.11.5 The test headform.shaH be covered with an undyed aramid hood for protection of the headforni doting tesfi'ng. The protective hood shaft meet-the requirerpents of Soction 6-1 o[NFPA 1971, . ~ ~ ~ C~ i~¢ ~ , S ~ ~,~ F ~ , ~ "

6-11.6 The protective hood,, when pl-,~ed on the ~est beadform, not affect the ~ of the facepiece to the headform. The protective hood shall not cover or p r O t ~ any par t 9 f the facepiece or the faceplece retention System that holds the facepiece to the ~ .

6.11.7 The SCBA shal lbe mounted on the tgst nmmaequin to simulate the correct wearing position on a fire fighter as specified by the SC~A manufacturer's Im~uction~

6.11.8 The facepiec~e shall be mounted and tested on the test headform as specified in 6.13.

6-11.9 The hea t andflame. test apparatus shall beas specified in 6-1].9 (ShOwB ou p ~ e s ~ 8 ~ m d 384). "

6--11.10 The~;st Oven:~all be a horizontal forced circulating air oven with an ~ velocit~ of 2O0 linear R (61 h 0 per minute." " The test oven droll ha~e ~ d imemlom ofS6m, x S6 its. x 48 in. (914 m m d e p t h X 914 nun width x 1.22 m. height).

6-11,11 The temt oven ~mil be calibrated usi~_ a ~ t u ~ e expo~d bead type J iroa/ 'conmaman wire r e f e ~ the~_up~., that has been caitbcated m~et the 32.0°F (0.0°C) reference ~ with an ice bath containing" ~ ice and deionized or distiU~! water. Boiling ~mter shall be m ~ l ft~setthe 212°F (IO0°C) reference,~alu~ The reference temperatures shall be corrected to standard temperatures using a barometric pressure correction. ..

6-11.12 For calib~uion prior to the heat andflame test, the calibration mannequin, as specified in Figure 6.11,12 (shown on page.~,5), shall beexposed to directflame contact for tO seconds using the heat and'ffa~ae test apparato~ All peak temperature - readings shall be within a temperature range of 15000] ;. to 2102°F (815°Cto 1150°C). The average mean Of all peak temperature readings shall be no higher than 1742°F (950°C).

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NFPA 1981-- A97 ROP

6-11.13 The test oven recovery time, ,after the door is closed, shall no t exceed 1.0 rain.

6-11.14 The air flow per formance test shall be conducted as specified in 6-1.12, 6-1.13, 6-1.14, ,and 6-1.15 herein, with modificatious to the ventilation rate specified in 6-11.15 and with test temperatures specified in 6-11.12 and 6-11.15 herein. The air flow per formance test shall cont inue th rough the drop test as specified in 6-11.19.

6-11.14.1 The variation in pressure extremes caused by the f lame ,and heat test m a n n e q u i n configurat ion sh,'dl be de t e rmined in the following manner . The air flow per formance test as specified in Section 6-1 shaU be carried out at a ventilation rate of 103 L/ra in , +_3 L/ra in , and 40 L/ ra in , ~ L/ra in . A second air flow ~er formance test shall be c~u'ried out using the confignrat ion specified in 6-11.4 at the same ventilation rates. The difference in pressure between the two tests shall be c:dcnlated by subtract ing the values obtained us ing the configu ration def ined in 6-11.4 from tile values obta ined us ing the configurat ion specified in Section 6-1.

6-11.15 The ventilation rate shall be set at 40 L/ ra in , +-2 L/ra in , with a respiratory f requency of 12, +1 b rea th s /minu te , at ambien t condit ions as specified in 6-1.13. The SCBA m o u n t e d on the test m a n n e q u i n shall be placed in the test oven that has been prehea ted to 203°F, +4°F (95°(3, +2°C). After the door is closed and the oven tempera ture recovers to 203°F (95°C), the test exposure t ime of 15 minutes shall begin.

6-11.16 At the complet ion of the 15-minute exposure, the ventilation rate shall be increased to 103, +_3 L/ra in , as specified in 6- 1.12. The oven door shall be opened ,and the SCBA m o u n t e d on the test m a n n e q u i n shall be moved out of the oven and into dye center of the burner array.

6-11.17 The SCBA shall then be exposed to direct f lame contact for 10 seconds +0.25/_+0.0 seconds. This exposure shall begin within 20 seconds of removal of the SCBA from the test oven.

6-11.17.1 The SCBA shall be observed for any ,'ffterflame, and the afterflame durat ion sh:dl be recorded to de te rmine pass/fall as specified in 5-11.2.

6-11.18 Within 20 seconds after comple t ing the direct f lame exposure, the SCBA m o u n t e d on the test m a n n e q u i n shall be raised 6 in., +0.25/-0.0 in. (152 ram, +6.3/-0.0 ram) and d ropped freely.

6-11.18.1 The SCBA shall he ohserved to de te rmine pass/fail ,as specified in 5-11.3.

6-11.19 The facepiece pressure du r ing the entire test shall be read from the strip chart recorder and corrected by adding the value of dye difference in pressure calculated in 6-11.14 to de te rmine pass / fail as specified in 5-11.1. Any pressure spike caused by the impact of the drop test and measu red within a durat ion o f three cycles of the brea th ing machine :ffter the apparatus drop shall be disregarded.

6-11.20 The SCBA facepiece shall be removed f rom the test headfo rm and, withont touclfing the lens, shall be d o n n e d by a test suhject with visual acuity of 20/20 in eacb eye, uncorrec ted or corrected with contact lenses. The test shall be conduc ted us ing a s tandard 20-ft (6. l-m) eye char t with normal l ighting range of 100 to 150 ft-candles at the chart mad with the test subject posi t ioned at a distance of 20 ft (6.1 m) f rom the chart. T he test subject shall t hen read the s tandard eye chart at some point th rough the nomina l center of the lens of the facepiece to de te rmine pass/fail as specified in 5-11.4.

6-11.20.1 The nomina l center of the lens shall be the area b o u n d e d b y a line 2 in. (50.8 ram) above, 2 in. (50.8 ram) below, 2 in. (50.8 ram) left, and 2 in. (50.8 ram) r ight of the intersection of the basic and midsagital planes.

Chapter 7 Referenced Publications

7-1 The following documen t s or port ions thereof are re ferenced within this suuldard arid shall be considered part of the requi rements of this document . The edition indicated for each reference is the cur rent edit ion ~Ls of tl~e date of the NFPA issnance of this document .

7-1.1" NFPA Publication.

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Oc~,upatioru~l Safer 3 and Health Proffram, 1992 edition.

386

NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Clothing for Structural Fire Fighting, 1991 edition.

7-1.2" ANSI Pubfications.

ANSI/AATCC 135, Diraensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics, 1989.

ANSI $3.2, Method for Measuring the InteUigibili~ of .~eoch over Communication Systems, 1989.

ANSI/CGA C.7.1, Commodi~ Specificxaion for Air, 1989.

ANSI /UL 913, Standard for b~trins#.alO Safe Apparatus" and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, I1, and HI. Division I Hazardous Locations.

7-1.3" ASTM Publication.

A,STM D 1003, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics, 1988

7-1.4" GSA Publication.

Federal Test Method Standard 191A, Textile Test Methods 20July 1978.

7-1.5" Navy Pubfication.

M II-,-STD-810E, Environmental Test Methods, 14July 1989.

7-1.6" U.S. Government Pubfication.

Title 42, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 84 (42 CFR 84), Respiratory Protective Devices, Tests for Permissibilit~ 8 J u n e 1995.

Appendix A

This Appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes onl 3.

A-I-I.I The use of self-contained brea th ing apparatus (SCBA) by fire fighters is always as sumed to be in a tmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). There is no way to p rede te rmine hazardous conditions, concentra t ions of toxic materials, or percentages of oxygen in air in a fire environment , dur ing overhaul (salvage) operations, or unde r o ther emergency condit ions involving spills or releases of hazardous materials. Thus , SCBA are required at all t imes dur ing any fire fighting, hazardous materials, or overhaul operations.

A-I-2.1 In this 1997 edition, new design requ i rements were added to allow the increase in weight of an SCBA when the SCBA incorporated o ther e lements of a user ' s protective clothing or equ ipmen t as a c o m p o n e n t of the SCBA (see 4-1.1. I and A-4.1.1); for intrinsically safe electrical circuits (see 4-1.2); and for accessories to meet the hea t and f lame test requ i rements (see 5-11.2). Also note the change to vibration testing in i tem 7 below.

The following is a brief descript ion of selected per formance requi rements of dais standard:

1. Air Flow Performance Test. This test increases the cur rent NIOSH brea th ing mach ine r equ i r emen t of 40 L / m i n to 100 L/ra in . The 100 L / m i n ventilation rate was derived f rom a review of several studies indicating tha t a ventilation rate of 100 s tandard liters per minute encompasses the 98th percenti le of all fire fighters studied.

2. Environmental Temperature Resistance Tests. This series of tests exposes SCBA to various tempera ture ext remes and tempera tu re cycles that SCBA migh t be exposed to dur ing storage condit ions and certain environmenta l cbanges.

3. Particulate Resistance TesL This test exposes SCBA to a specified concentra t ion o f particulate to provide a reasonable level of assurance that SCBA is des igned to properly funct ion when exposed to the dus t condit ions commonly present du r ing fire f ighting operations.

4. Facepiece Lens Abrasion Resistance Test. This test is des igned to provide a reasonable level of assurance that the SCBA facepiece lens is no t easily scratched dur ing fire f ight ing operations, thereby result ing in reduced visibility for the fire fighter.

NFPA 1 9 8 1 ~ A97 ROP

5. Communications Te~t. This test is des igned to assure that tile SCBA facepiece does not significantly reduce a fire f ighter 's normal voice communica t ion .

6. Accelerated Gorrosion Resistance Test. This test is to provide a reasonable level of assurarlce that SCBA is des igned to resist corrosion that can form `and interfere with SCBA per formance `and function.

7. Vibration Test. In this 1997 edition, the previous r equ i r emen t for a secured vibration test has been el iminated, as it was m u c h less severe than the unsecured vibration test tha t is still required, and provided no addit ional evaluation of the SCBA. The unsecured vibration test provides a reasonable level of assur`ance that when SCBA is exposed to vibration and impact, such as being carried on a vehicle that often travels over rouglr road surfaces, the SCBA will properly per form `and function.

8. Fabric Components Test. FL'une, heat, and th read tests are added to provide a reasonable level of assurance that the fabric componen t s of a harn~xs assembly used to hold the SCBA to the wearer 's body will rem:,in intact dur ing fire f ight ing operations.

9. Heat and Flame Test. This test is in tended to provide a reasonable level of assurance that, when SCBA is exposed to a variety of thermal arid physical condit ions and brea th ing rates that s imulate the condit ions of a flashow~r accident, tile SCBA will perform mad funct ion properly.

Users are caut ioned that if more unusual condit ions prevail, such as h igher or lower extren-tes of tempera tures than described herein, or if there are signs of abuse or damage to the SCBA'or its components , the user 's margin of safety can be reduced or eliminated. Any retrofits or repairs shou ld be approved by the manufac tu re r whose SCBA complies with this standard.

A-1-2.3 Al though SCBA that mee t this s tandard have been tested to more s t r ingent requi rements than required for NIOSH certification, there is no inhe ren t guarantee against SC, BA failure or fire fighter injury. Even tile best-designed SCBA cannot compensate for either abuse or the lack of a respirator training `and mainten`ance program. The severity of these tests should no t encourage or condone abuse o f SCBA in the field.

The envi ronmenta l tests utilized in this s tandard a lone migh t no t simulate actual field conditions, bu t ,are devised to put ex t leme loads on SCBA in an accurate and reproducible m a n n e r by test laboratories. However, the selection of the environmenta l tests was based on summary values derived from studies of condit ions that relate to field use.

A-l-3 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not approve, inspect, or cel'tify any installations, procedures, equ ipment , or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In de te rmin ing the acceptability o f installations, procedures, equipment , or materiaJis, the authori ty having jurisdict ion may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or o ther appropriate standards. In tire absence of such standards, said authori ty may require evidence of proper installation, procedure , or use. The aud/ori ty bavingjurisdilction may also refer to tile listings or labeling practices of an organization concerned with p roduc t evaluations that is in a position to de te rmine compliance with appropriate s tandards for the cur rent product ion of listed items.

A-l-3 Authority Having Jurisdiction. T he phrase "authority having jurisdiction" is used in NFPA documen t s in a broad manner , since jurisdict ions and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authori ty having jurisdict ion may be a federal, state, local, or o ther regional depa r t men t or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor depar tment , or heal th depar tment ; bui lding official; electrical inspector; or o thers having statutory anthority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection depar tment , rating bureau, or o ther insu~mce comp~my representative may be the authori ty having

i urisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or Iris or ler des ignated agent a~smnes the role of the authori ty having

jurisdiction; at governvaent installations, the c o m m a n d i n g officer or depar tmenta l official may be the anthori ty having jurisdiction.

A-I-$ Compressed Breathing Gas. Tile quality of brea th ing air to be used in open-circuit SCBA, as well ,as o ther SCBA use criteria, is c o n t a i n e d i n NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety. and Health Progra~

A-I-3 Listed. Tbe means for identifying listed e q u i p m e n t mayvary for each organization concerned with product evaluation, some of wbicb do no t recognize equ ipmen t as listed unless it is also labeled. The authori ty having jur isdict ion shou ld utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.

A-2-1.1.2 SCBA that are certified by NIOSH include a rated service t ime based on laboratory tests required by NIOSH. The SCBA is tested using a specified brea th ing mach ine with a brea th ing rate of 40 L/man. NIOSH uses dais 40 L /man rate because it represents a modera te work rate that an average user can sustain for a period of time. To attain a rated service time of 30 minutes du r ing this 40 L / man test, the typical SCBA cylinder mus t contain 1200 L or more of compressed breathable air. A 45-cu ft cylinder has a capacity of 1273.5 L, based on 28.3 L / c u ft. Because actual work per formed b y a fire f ighter often results in a ventilation rate that exceeds 40 L/man, fire fighters will f requent ly no t attain the rated service t ime of 30 minutes . Dnr ing ex t reme exertion, for example, actual service time can be reduced by 50 percen t or more.

To assure proper utilization of equ ipmen t in actual situations, after t raining and instruction, it is r e c o m m e n d e d that users gain confidence by actublly using the SCBA in a series of tasks represent ing or approximat ing the physical demands likely to be encountered .

In addit ion to tile degree of user exertion, other [~lctors that carl affect tile service time of the SCBA include:

(a) The physical condit ion of the user (see also ANSI Z88.6).

(b) Emotional conditions, such as fear or excitement, that can increase the user 's breathing rate.

(c) Tbe degree of training or experience the user has had with such equ ipment .

(d) Whe the r or not the cylinder is fully charged at the beginning of use.

(e) The facepiece fit.

(f) Use in a pressurized tunne l or caisson. At two a tmospheres of pressure (29.4 psig), the dura t ion will be one-half the durat ion obtained at one a tmosphere of pressure (14.7 psig); at three a tmospheres of pressure (44.1 psig), the durat ion will be one-third file dura t ion obtained at one a tmosphere of pressure.

(g) The condit ion of the SCBA.

(h) The SCBA effective dead air space. Dead air space is a volume proport ional to the CO 2 concentrat ion in the inhaled brea th ing gas.

Dur ing normal b rea th ingwi thou t a facepiece, carbon dioxide, which is p roduced by t h e b o d y ' s metabolism, is released to file env i ronment on each breath. The facepiece of an SCBA reduces this env i ronment to a small space a round the face. On exhalation, a port ion of the carbon dioxide-rich exhaled breath is t rapped in this

~ ace. On inhalation, fresh air f rom the SCBA cylinder mixes with is carbon dioxide-rich air and then enters the lungs. The

concentra t ion of carbon dioxide is d e p e n d e n t on facepiece configuration, flow characteristics, and ventilation rate.

The full effect of increased dead air space has not: been demonst ra ted . However, the scientific work done in this area shows that an increase of COg in tile inhalation air leads to increased ventilation `and, conseq-uently, shor ter service time for a given air supply. Means to reduce CO 2 in the inhalat ion air by using, for example, a well-fitting nose cup have been demons t ra ted to give longer service time. Contact each manufac tu re r for specific data.

#.-2-2.1 Tile certification organization shou ld have sufficient breadth of interest and activity so that the loss or award of a specific business contract would not be a de te rmin ing factor in the financial well- being of the agency.

A-2-2.$ Ti~e contractual provisions covering certification programs should contain clauses advising the manufac tu re r that if requi rements change, the p roduc t shou ld be b rough t into compliance with the new requi rements by a stated effective date th rough a compliance review program involving all current ly listed products.

387

NFPA 1 9 8 1 ~ A97 ROP

Without these clauses, certifiers would not be able to move quickly to protect their name, marlcs, or reputat ion. A product safety certification program would be deficient without dlese contractual provisions and the administrative me,ms to back t h e m up.

A-2-2.4 Investigative procedures are impor tan t e lements o f a n effective and meaningfifl p roduc t safety certification program. A preliminary review sbould be c a n i e d out on products submi t ted to the agency before any major testing is under taken .

A-2-2.7 Such inspections shou ld include, in most instances, wimessing of product ion tests. With certain products die certification organization inspectors should select samples f rom die product ion line ,and submi t them to the main laboratory for countercheck testing. With o ther products, it might be desirable to purchase samples in the open market for test purposes.

A-2-2.9 For filrther in tbrmat ion and guidance on recall programs, see Title 21, Code of Federal Re4~dation ~, Part 7, Subpart C (21 CFR 7. Subpart C).

Ao~2.7 Users should be aware tha t NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Progra~ requires that all SCBA be air flow tested at least annual ly in accordance with the mamffacturer ' s instrnctions. This interval of testing migh t not be adequate when SCBA are more f requenf lyused . I t is r e c o m m e n d e d that air flow tesdng be based on the n u m b e r of SCBA uses rather than based solely on time intervals.

A-4-1.1 Since addit ional weight can reduce d~e fire f ighter 's ability to ~trry out assigned tasks, weight reduct ion is a pr ime concern. It is r e c o m m e n d e d that SCBA of rated 30-minute durat ion should be limited to a m a x i m u m weight of 25 lb (11 kg). Purchasers are advised to specifically address weight in their purchase specifications, regardless of the rated service time. Considerat ion shonld be given to redticing the overall weight of fire fighters ' protective equ ipmen t by baying certain e lements serve mult iple functions, result ing in an overall weight loss over die total of die original individual elements . Examples could include a he lmet also serving ,xs the SCBA facepiece, the SCBA harness integrated as part of the protective coat, or a PASS device integrated as part of die SCBA.

A-5-1 The cur rent NIOSH certification test method , 42 CFR 84, uses a ventilation rate of 40 L / m i n , while NVPA 1981 requires an air flow test b~sed on a ventilation rate of 100 L/ra in . A ventilation rate of 100 s tandard L / m i n encomp,asses the 98dl percentile of all fire fighters studied. The ability of the SCBA to supply the 100 L / r a in of breadt ing gas is measured in this air flow per formance test by moni to r ing tile pressure within the facepiece.

Specific response t imes for both the pressure t ransducer and recorder are specified in this s tandard. It is impor tan t to note that if o ther types of recording devices, measur ing equ ipment , and tesdng methods are used, pre.~sure f lucumtions migh t appear in the facepiece as shor t (millisecond) negative pressure spikes. The significance of these spikes to the actual protect ion ,afforded the user by the SCBA is not fiflly unders tood at dfis t ime. Additional studies are needed to de te rmine the significance, if any, of dlese spikes. Because these negative spikes migh t ,affect the actual protect ion offered by the SCBA, it is r e c o m m e n d e d that a facepiece fitting

~ rogJ,-am be established. Quantitative fitting tests are recognized to e the best me thod for de te rmin ing the facepiece-to-face seal, and

should be perfornled by the fire service wherever SCBA are used. For depar tmen t s that wish t ope r fo rn i quantitative fit testing, a suggested procedure for conduc t ing such tests can be found in ANSI Z88.2, Practices for Respirato~ Protection.

A-5-9 This s tandard contains an abrasion test tha t is used to evaluate tbe outside surface of the facepiece lens. This s tandard does no t address the abrasion resistance of tile interior surface of the facepiece lens. Cur ren t facepiece lens interior surfaces can be uncoated, coated with an anti-fog agent, coated with an abrasion- resistant agent that does no t comply with the per formance requi red in Section 5-9, or coated with an abrasion-resistant coating dlat does comply widl the per formance required in Section 5-9. Informat ion regarding coatings on the lens interior surface should be obta ined f rom the SCBA mamffacturer .

A-5-10 As die communica t ions test is the only test tilat requires h u m a n subjects, there were variations in tile data used to de te rmine the appropriate p:~s/fail criteria. Therefore, a statistical approach to analyze the data wits required to de te rmine whether an individual SCBA meets the p,xss/fail criteria of Section 5-10. A mill hypothesis test utilizing the Student t-distribution is the appropriate m e t h o d to do dfis.

The Student t-distribution of 2.13 results f rom the following conditions:

Degrees of f reedom = 4 Conf idence level = 95 percent.

Refer to any cur rent statistical text for fur ther information.

A-6-1.1 The headform, Models 803608-01 and 803608-02, can be obtained f rom Scott Aviation, 225 Erie St., Lancaster, NY 14086. Drawings can be obtained fi'om NFPA for Model 803608-01 or 803608-02.

A-6-1.7 A Model P24 differential pressure t ransducer widl a range of -+8.9 in. (-+226 ram) of water differential is r e c o m m e n d e d and available f rom Validyne Engineer ing Corporation, 8626 Wilbur Avenue, Nordlridge, CA 91324.

A-6-1.8 A Model #1241 BOO one-pen recorder is r e c o m m e n d e d and available f rom Soltec Corporation, 11684 Pendie ton Street, Sun Valley, CA 91352.

A-6-1.12 Complete engineer ing drawings to construct the Model 327-6 Breathing Machine can be obta ined from NFPA. A fully fabricated mach ine can be obtained f rom H y T e c h Machine, Inc., 25 Leonburg Road, Mashuda Industrial Park, Mars, PA 16046.

Tbe respiratory f requency is de t e rmined by dividing the minu te volume by the tidal vo lume for each Model 327-6 Breathing Machine manufactured .

A-6-1.14 Calibration Procedure for NFPA Model 327-6 Breathing Machine.

CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR NFPA MODEL 327-6 BREATHING MACHINE

I. Set up equipment .

1. Remove plug fit t ing and open valve at side por t of the brea th ing mach ine (BM), d len close the valve to the test headform.

2. Connec t a non re tu rn two-way valve to die side port. (SeeFigure A-6-1.14.) (Figure shown on page 389).

3. Make sure all gas has been expelled from a gas collection bag by rolling the bag up. Connec t file bag to die dead-ended gas- collection port of a three-way valve. (See Detail 2.) A r e c o m m e n d e d gas-collection bag is a 120-liter meteorological bag (Catalog No. 022631) or a 150-liter Douglas bag (Catalog No. 022622), available f rom Warren C. Collins, Inc., 220 Wood Road, Braintree, MA 02184. Equivalent or similar collection bags can be substituted. Collins also supplies a three-way valve (T-shape stopcock - - Catalog No. 021043).

4. Connec t tile c o m m o n port of tile three-way valve to die exhalation port of the non re tu rn two-way valve. (See Detail 3.)

5. Connec t die Validyne Transducer DP 24 to a pressure tap on the collection side of the three-way valve. The t ransducer ou tpu t goes to tile Soltec Recorder.

II. Collect gas.

1. With the vent port of the three-way valve open, start BM and allow BM to "warm up" for at least 10 minutes .

2. After the 10-minute "warm-up" period, adjust the speed to approximately 30 rpm if the mach ine has no t been calibrated within the last few days. If die mach ine has recently been calibrated, leave it at its preset a d j u s t m e n t

3. Set die char t speed on the Soltec Recorder to 60 c m / m i n and start tile recorder.

4. At the start of an inhalation, turn the three-way valve so that the air exhaled f rom the BM goes into the collection bag. (SeeDetail 4.)

5. Eacb exhalat ion stroke sbould produce a positive peak on tile strip-chart recording, which can be used ,as a counter. Tbe operator can use a substi tute m e t h o d to count die exllaled tidal volumes ('IV) that go into the bag.

6. After 30 to 35 exhalations, turn the three-way valve at the start of an inhalat ion so tha t the gas collection port is closed and the BM vents to a tmosphere . Turn o f f the Soltec Recorder.

388

NFPA 1981-- A97 ROP

BM Exhalation port

port m ~ ~ n h a l a t i o n port

Nonreturn 2-way valve

Detail 1

Common port

Pressure tap Q

c t ion p o r t

Vent port

3-way valve with gas collection bag

Detail 2

8M o Inhalation port

To t r ~

Vent port

3-way valve connected to nonreturn 2-way valve

Detail 3

D - - ) -

Bag inflating during an exhalation Inhalation port Vent port

System in gas collecting mode

Detail 4

j Total distance cm ~ | ° ' ° * ' ~ ' ' ' Y I

1 2 3 28 29 30

ID Time

Detail 5

The total distance is the length that the 30 exhalations take on the strip chart recording. Each positive pressure peak indicates an exhalation stroke.

F ' tgure A-6-1.14

389

N F P A 1981 - - A 9 7 R O P

III. Measure tbe vohnne (liters) of gas collected (VL).

1. The r e c o m m e n d e d m e t h o d to measure the volume of gas in die bag is to transfer the air into a Spirometer. Make sure die bag is completely empty by rolling it up.

2. Ano the r me t lmd to measure die gas volume in the bag is to slowly empty the bag th rough a calibrated dry-gas meter . Ensure that a correction factor is applied as required.

IV. Calculate minu te volume.

1. From tbe positive peaks on the strip chart recording, coun t the n u m b e r of exllalations (NE) that were made into the bag or use your own count ing m e t h o d if you are sure it is correct.

2. Measure the total distance (in cm) between the peaks of 30 exh:dations, which should be approximately 60 cm at a char t speed of 60 c m / m i n . (So., Detail 5.) If the pressure in the gas-collection por t has not been measured , dae operator can use ano the r m e d m d to accurately measure the brea th ing mach ine ' s rpm.

3. (kdculate rpm;

30 b r e a t h s R P M -

dist~ulce X rain 60cm

4. De t enn ine the tidal vo lume (TV),

TV VL

N E

5. Determine the Minute Vohlme, V M.

V M = TV _< RPM

NOTE: A record of TV and rpm s lmuld be m a i n l i n e d for each machine. As the seals on the pistons wear, the TV for a given rpm might decrease, an indication that the seals should be replaced.

V. Adjust minu te volume.

1. If the V M is between 100 liters and 106 liters, no ad jus tment is necessary and the BM is ready to per form the NFPA Air Flow Performance Test at dae present rpm setting.

2. I f tbe VM < 100, tbe rpm must be increased and die V M re calculated.

3. If the VM > 106 liters, die rpm mus t be decreased and die V M recalculated.

A-6-9.7 The Blue Streak M306M wool felt polishing pad can be obtained f romJ. l . Morris Co., 394 Ehn Street, Southbridge, MA.

A-6-9.8 The 3M, 7415 Wood Finislting Pad is an abrasive shee t dlat has markings on one side. The pad can be obut ined f rom 3M Corp., Box 33053, St. Paul, MN 55133.

A-6-11 Complete eng ineer ing drawings to construct the heat and f lame test apparatus can be obtained f rom the NFPA.

A-6-11.2 The protective covering has been selected solely for d~e purpose of protect ing the Flame and Heat Test m a n n e q u i n and providing a reproducible exterior configurat ion to suppor t the SCBA being tested. The intent ion of dais s tandard is to test the SCBA ,and no t the protective covering.

A-7-1.1 NFPA publications can be obta ined f rom the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

A-7-1.2 ANSI publications can be obtained f rom the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Su-eet, New York, NY 10036.

A-7-1.3 ASTM publications can be obta ined f rom the American Society for Test ing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

A-7-1.4 GSA publications can be obtained f rom tbe General Services Administrat ion, Specifications Activities, Printed Materials Supply Division, Building 197, Naval Weapons Plant, Washingtou, DC 20407.

A-7-1.5 Navy publications can be obtained from die Navy Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia. PA 19120.

A-7-1.6 I.I.S. gove rnmen t publications can be obtained from die Supe r in t enden t of Documents , U.S. Governmen t Printing (3ffice, Washington, DC 20402.

Appendix B Referenced Publications

B-I The following documen t s or port ions thereof are referenced widain this s tandard for informational purposes only an d thus are not considered part of the requi rements of this document . The edition indicated for each reference is the cur rent edit ion as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this d o c u m e n t

B-I.I NFPA Publication. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA02269-9101.

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, 1992 edition.

B-1.2 Other Publications.

B-I.2.1 ANSI Publications. Amer ican National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, NewYork, NY 10036.

ANSI Z88.2, Practices for Respiratory Protection, 1982.

ANSI Z88.6, Respiratory Protection - - Respirator Use - - Physical Qualifications for Personne~ 1984.

B-1.2.2 U,S. Government Publication. Super in tenden t of Documents , U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 7 (21 CFR 7).

Title 42, Code of FederalRegulations, Part 84 (42 CFR 84), Respiratm,~ Protective Devices, Tests for Permissibility, 8 June 1995.

390

N F P A 1999 1 A 9 7 R O P

PART II

(Log #1 ) 1999- 1 - (2-1.6, 2-1.6.1, and 2-1.6.2 (New)) : Reject Note: This proposal appeared as c o m m e n t 1999-5 which was held for fur ther s tudy from the Annual 92 TCD, which was on proposal 1999-1. SUBMITTER: Wayde B. Miller, Jr., Mine Safety Appliances Co. RECOMMENDATION: Add the following paragraphs after die existing 2-1.5.

2-1.6 Existing protective clothing and protective equ ipmen t diat compiled with the respective NFPA sumdard that was cur rent at the t ime t h e p r o d u c t was manufac tu red shall be permit ted to be u p g r a d e d t o be compl iant with die cur ren t edition of rite respective NFPA standard.

2-1.6.1 Such upgrades of protective cloflfing or protective equ ipmen t shall be conduc ted only in accordance with die original product manufac tu re r ' s instructions, and shall use upgrade componen t s that are certified as compl iant to the cur rent edit ion of the respective NFPA stand~ard.

2-1.6.2 Certified upgrade componen t s shall be certified for use with specific models of protective clodt ing or protective equipment . SUBSTANTIATION: To permi t upgrad ing of NFPA compliant clothing and e q u i p m e n t f rom a previous edition o f a s tandard to a cur ren t edit ion of a s tandard and to require tlfird-party certification of such upgrades. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This d o c u m e n t pertains to newly mannfacu] red s tems and is not applicable for upgrad ing of existing e q u i p m e n t as the m:mufac turer and certification organization have no knowledge as to how an item was used, abttsed, stored, or maintained.

See Commit tee Proposal 1999- 7 (Log #CP1) and section 1-1.1 in die draft which follo~.; at the end of the Report.

(Log #5) 1999- 2 - (3-2.4, 5-10 (New), 6-1.1): Reject SUBMI'[q'ER: Daniel Gohlke, W.L. Gore & Assoc. RECOMMENDATION: 1. Revise 3-2.4 to read as follows:

3-2.4* The manufac tu re r shall document , in the technical data package, tbe f lame resistance of the ga rmen t material when tested as specified in Section 5-10 of this s tandard.

2. Add a new Section 5-10 to read as follows: 5-10 Flammability Resistance Test. 5-10.1 All samples to be tested shall be condi t ioned for no t less

than 4 hours in s tandard a tmospher ic condi t ions at a relative humidi ty of 65 percent , .-L2 percent and a t empera tu re of 70°F, :lz2°F (21°C, +I°C). Samples shall be tested no t more than 5 minutes after removal f rom condit ioning.

5-10.2 Vertical flammabili ty testing shall be pe r fo rmed in accordance with Method 5902.1, "Flame Resistance of Cloth; Vertical," of Federal Test Method Standard 191 A, Textile Test Methods, with the following modifications:

(a) Specimens shall consist of at least ten protective clothing material samples measur ing 2 x 16 in., +1/16 in. (76 x 203 mm, +1.6 ram). ff the material is anisotropic, spec imens shall be cut in both the mach ine and transverse directions.

(b) Specimens shall be folded in half such that the folded edge is exposed in the apparatus holder. T he fold shall be p roduced by placing a 1/4-in. (6.4-ram) rod at the bend of the material. The rod shall d len be removed ,after the material is c lamped in the holder prior to f lame con tac t The folded edge of the spec imen shall pro t rude 1 /4 in. (6.4 ram) below the lower horizontal end of the metal spec imen clamp.

(c) A stopwatch or o ther device reading in seconds shall be started. The tip o f the f lame shall be applied to the end of the spec imen until it is ignited, but no longer than 3 seconds. The operator shall ohserve and note whether or no t the spec imen ignites and suppor ts self-sustaining bu rn ing after removal of die f lame f rom e specimen.

(d) If tile spec imen :fails to ignite in 3 seconds, the time shall be restarted a n d t h e f lame shall be reapplied to the end of the spec imen for an additional 12 seconds. If the spec imen ignites, the t imer shall be s topped when the f lame is ext inguished.

(e) The vertical distance, measured from die horizontal edge of the spec imen to which the ignition f lame is applied, to die far thest point on the spec imen visibly charred or mel ted by die burn ing process, shall be recorded. This m e a s u r e m e n t shall be made on the spec imen ,after exposure. The apparen t canse of ext inguishment , such as mel t ing or dr ipping, shall be noted.

5-10.3 The ignition propensi ty shall be noted as those spec imens igniting within the 3-second exposure period, specimens igniting within the 12-second exposure period, and spec imens not igniting at all.

5-10.4 Burning t ime shall be the time, repor ted in seconds, f rom the m o m e n t that the operator removes the f lame from the sample until bu rn ing is ext inguished.

5-10.5 The distance of burn shall be dte distance, reported in inches (cm), front |fie ignited edge of the sample to the farthest vertical po in t on the sample that is bu rned in the test.

5-10.6 The burn ing behavior of the spec imen shall be noted ~md characterized for the samples that ignite, are self-extinguishing, or as otherwise observed. The spec imen shall be considered self- ex t ingu i sh ing i f the distance of burn ing is less than 4.0 in. (10.24 cm) and t h e b u r n i n g t ime is less than 10 seconds. The appearance of decomposi t ion by melt ing or dr ipping shall be noted.

5-10.7 Report i tems for de te rmin ing pass/fail shall be summar ized as:

(a) Test spec imens igniting in 3 seconds or less; (b) Test spec imens igniting in 12 seconds or less; (c) Test spec imens no t ignit ing in die test; (d) Test spec imens with an ignition t ime exceeding 3 seconds but

that suppor t bu rn ing for 10 seconds or more; (e) Test spec imens with an ignition t ime exceeding 3 seconds but"

diat have a b u m distance exceeding 4 in. (10.24 cm); (f) Notation of spec imen mel t ing or dripping. 3. Delete the reference to ASTM F 1358 in 6-1.1.

SUBSTANTIATION: At this t ime ASTM has no t approved me th o d F1358. In theory it does not exist. References to it need to be removed. Section 5-10 as written here is the m e t h o d on which the NFPA documen ta t ion r equ i r emen t was established and which

ears in earlier edidons of o ther NFPA documents . TTEE ACTION: Reject.

COMMIT'fEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee will no t include testing only for documen ta t ion purposes and has dele ted 3-2.4 dur ing this revision.

(Log #'2) 1999- 3 - (3-3.3 (New)) : Accept in Principle Note: This proposal appeared as comment 1999-12 which was held

for further study from the Annual 92 TCD, which was on proposal 1999-1. SUBMITTER: Jeffrey o . Stull, TRI /Envi roumenta l , Incorporated RECOMMENDATION: Add a new paragraph 3-3.3:

3-3.3* The manufac tu re r shall document , in e technical data package, penet ra t ion resistance after abrasion to liquid borne pa thogens of the glove material for one hour, when tested as

eRsCified in Section _ of this standard. TANTIATION: Similar to garments , end users should

unde r s t and how gloves may perform (by providing barrier protection) following abrasion as a means for s imulat ing water.

A new section n u m b e r mus t be specified. C O M M I T r E E A C T I O N : Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee will no t include tesdng requi rements for documen ta t ion purposes only. However, the s tandard now requires a flexing precondi t ioning for gloves prior to biopenetra t ion testing. See Commit tee Proposal 1999 - 7 (Log #CP1 ) and section 6-10 in the draft which follows at the end of the Report.

(Log #4) 1999- 4 - (Chapter 4): Reject SUBMITTER: H. RobertYeager, Town of Millis EMS, MA RECOMMENDATION: 1 propose that outerwear for EMS personnel be of the color hme-yellow. This is the color the b u m a n eye is most sensitive to in all l ight conditions. SUBSTANTIATION: EMS personnel often go in ha rms way and quick recognit ion and visibility is of p a r a m o u n t importance. Fire service literature is replete with articles documen t ing the efficacy of this color for fire service vehicles. This concept is just as valid for personal wear.

European emergency services personnel already wear this color on outerwear ~md bikers in this country choose this color for their outerwear because they know its effectiveness. COMMIT' fEE ACTION: Reject. C O M M I T r E E STATEMENT: The specification of a color might have adverse impact on materials that oti~erwise would provide the biopenetrat ion protection.

Noth ing in this s tandard would prevent the purchase specifications.

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(Log #6) 199% 5- (4-1.4, 4-2.4, 4-3.4, 5-4): Reiect SUBMITTER: Jay R. Strainers , Kimberly-Clark Corporat ion RECOMMENDATION: Delete sections 4-1.4; 4-2.4; 4-3.4; 5-4 that refer to the PHI-X-174 Bacteriophage test! SUBSTANTIATION: This test may not be consistent with the principles of microbiology. The principles of infection control; the principles of biosafety and public ltealth. Tltis test will compromise national educational and training effort.s concern ing the true risLs of HIV, HBV, HC'V and o ther b loodhorne pathogens . COMMITTEE ACTION: Reiect. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This test is the only test m e t h o d that e~vtluates a barrier material 's ability to resist hiopenetrat ion. The test is an A~STM test m e t h n d developed witl~ national input in a recognized s tandards development system.

EMS are delivered in emergency settings without the equ ipment and order of a health care facility. EMS providers are required by OSHA regulations to have barrier protection f rom blood borne pa thogens and tiffs test provides the evaluation of barriers.

Noth ing in this test or perfi~rntance will "COml>romise national educational and trai uing efforts;" rather tiffs should suppor t and amplil~¢ such el'forts a-s EMS personnel wili have a greater degree of protection and confidence in their protective do t h i ng that purpose Io provide a level of protection but is no t tested and evaluated to confirm what protection is availaMe.

(Log #3) 199% 6 - (5-X (New)): Reject Note: This proposal appeared as c o m m e n t 1999-25 which was held

for fur ther s tudy from the Annual 92 TCD, which was on proposal 1999-1. SUBMITTERz Jeffrey (15. Stull, TRl /Env i ronmenta l , Incorporated RECOMMENDATION: Add new test me thod for testing penetra t ion resistance of gloves follow abr,~sion to liquid borne pathogens as follows:

5-X (?;love Material Abr:~sion Resistance Test. 5-X.I Abrasion resistance testing of glove materials shall be

conduc ted in accordance with ASTM 153886, Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabric~ (Inflated Diaphragrn Method) with the following conditions:

(a) An air pres~sure of 4 psi (28 kPa) shall be used. (b) A load of 1 lh (454 g) shall be used. (c) An 80 grit abradant trimite D-weight open coat #1A4180, or

equivalent, shall be used. (d) The spec imen shall be abraded for 25 con t inuous cycles. (e) t 'enetrat ion resistance to Bacteriophage Phi-X-174 testing as

specified in section 5-5 of this chapter sha l lbe subst i tuted for abrasion to electri¢=d contact for in terpret ing abrasion resistance test results.

5-X.2 Only one spec imen for bacter iophage penetra t ion resistance testing shall be taken f rom each sample subjected to abrasion. The test spec imen shall be taken f rom the exact center of the abraded sample so that the center of the bacter iophage exposure test and the center of the abraded sample coincide.

5-X.3 The pass/tai l de terminat ion and the average n u m b e r of plaque fo rming units per ml shall be reported.

5-X.4 Any visual observations such as sample rupture, loss of luster, or deformat ion of the outer surface of tested spec imens shall be reported. SUBSTANTIATION: Test met i tod provides procedures to d o c u m e n t how gloves may per form (by providing barrier protection) following abrasion as a means for s imulat ing wear. C O M M I T r E E ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See action taken on Proposal 1999 - 3 (Log #2). Also see abrasion test added in 6-1.6 for mult iple use garments .

(Log #CP1) 1999- 7 - (Entire Document) : Accept

Note: 2. The Technical Correlat ing Commit tee has directed that all p roduct s tandards carry the following text regarding the accreditation o f the thlrd-party certification organizations. There fore , the TCC directs the TC to incorporate the following changes to its documen t at the Report on C o m m e n t s stage.

Replace the existin~ 2-1.2 and 2-2.1 with the following text: 2-1.2 "All cert if icatmn shall be pe r fo rmed by a certification

organization that is accredited for personal protective equ ipmen t by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in accordance with ANSI Z34.1, American Natlo hal Standard for Third-Party Certification Prog-rams for Products , Processes, and Services."

2-2.1 "The certification organization shall be accredited for personal protective equ ipmen t by the American National Standards

Institute (ANSI) in accordance with ANSI 2.34.1, American National Standard for Third-Party Certification Programs for Products , Processes, and Services."

2. Within the Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment Project, recertification is already required in some document s and, for consistency, the Technical Correlating Commit tee will see that it is added to each documen t that does not currently have it dur ing the normal revision process.

The periodic recertification o f compliant product is a necessary measure to assure that the future production o f compliant product cont inues to be compliant. Without specific criteria for retesting and recertification, d i f ferent certification organizations could have widely divergent programs and the pogsibility of noncompl iant product being produced and reaching the field is significantly increased.

Add new definition for "Model" to Section 1-3 to read: I-3 Model. The collective term used to identify a group of

individual e lements o f the same basic design and components from a single manufac tu re r produced by the same manufac tur ing and quality assurance procedures that are covered by the s a m e ' certification.

Add a new Section 2-4 to read: 2-4 Recerti fication. 2-4.1 All individual e lements of emergency medical protective

clothing that are labeled as being compliant with this s tandard shall undergo recertification on an annual basis. This recertification shall include inspection and evaluation to all design requi rements and testing to all pe r fo rmance requi rements as required by this s tandard on all manufac tu re r models and components .

2-4.1.1 Any change that affects the e lements pe r fo rmance under the design or ~e r fo rmance requi rements of thts s tandard shall consti tute a d i f ferent model.

2-4.1.2 For the purpose o f this s tandard, models shall include each un lquepa t t e rn , style, or design, o f the individual element.

2-4.2 Samples o f manufac tu re r models and componen t s for recertificatlon shall be acquired f rom the manufac tu re r or componen t suppl ier dur ing r andom and unannounced visits as part o f the follow-up inspection program.

2-4.3 The manufac tu re r shall maintain all design and pe r fo rmance inspection and test data f rom the certification organization used in the recertlfication o f manufac tu re r models and components . The manufac tu re r shall provide such data, upon request , to the purchaser or authori ty havingjurisdict lon.

R e n u m b e r existing Section 2-4 as Section 2-5. SUBMITTER: Technical Commit tee on Emergency Medical Services Protective Clothing and Equ ipment RECOMMENDATION: Complete revision to NFPA 1999, Standard on Protective Clothing for Emergency Medic~d Operations, 1992 edition. SUBSTANTIATION: The Commit tee has completely revised the 1992 edition of NFPA 1999. Single use and reusable i tems of EMS protective ,zlothing are now

addressed in the s tandard. No differentiation is made in the current edition of NFPA 1999, and clothing that might be reused may not provide the necessary biopenetrat ion barrier protection after use. The users felt that reusable items would be advantageous and cost effective for certain i tems of EMS clothing such as garments . Durability condi t ioning has been added to the test me thods of items that would be identified as not for single use only;, the condi t ioning can be found in Section 6-1.

The cur rent edition allows partial body garments , such as sleeve covers, or apron type gowns, and also allows the biopenetra t ion bar r ie rpro tec t ion to be less than full g a r m e n t coverage (such as the f ront of a smock or jacket). The proposed revision will cont inue to permi t partial body garments , bu t will no t allow partial b iopenetra t ion barrier protect ion in a garment . Biopenetrat ion bar r ie rpro tec t ion mus t be t h roughou t the garment .

Manufacturers ' quality assurance p rograms will now be required to become ISO registered within two years o f the s tandard ' s effective date.

EMS gloves will remain, as in the cur rent edition, single use items only. This is consistent with NFPA 1581, S tandard of Fire Depar tmen t Infection Control Program. EMS gloves will now be required to be an FDA registered medical device. Only whole gloves will be used for testing and evaluation instead of the cur rent testing samples cut f rom gloves. A new per formance r equ i r emen t and test m e t h o d has been in t roduced to evaluate the protein content of gloves.

Chapter 6, Test Methods, has been completely reformatted to present consistency in test me thods a n d to assure tha t all key e lements of a test are given within the method . COMMITI 'EE ACTION: Accept.

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NFPA 1999

Standard on

Protective Clothing for Emergency Medical Operations

1997 Edition

NOTICE: An :Lsterisk (*) folh',wing tile number or letter designating a paragraph indicates explanatory material on that paragraph in Appendix A.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 7 and Appendix B.

Chapter 1 Administration

1-1 Scope.

1-1.1" This standard s;aall specify" tire minimutn documentation, design criteria, performance criteria, and test methods for new- single use and new multiple-use emergency medical protective clothing, including gvtrments, gloves, and face protection devices, designed to protect emergency medical service personnel ,as well as victims and patients from contact with liquid-borne pathogens during emergency naedic.al operations.

1-1.2" Tiffs standard shall not be interpreted as providing criteria for protection from radiological agents, from hazardous chemicals, from tlammable or explosive atmospheres, or from thermal bazards associated witb fire fighting.

1-1.3" This standard shall not be interpreted as providing criteria for protection from biological agents that are not liquid-borne.

1-1.4" Tiffs standard sball not apply to cleaning gloves or structm,-al fire-fighting gloves used in emergency medical operations.

1-1.5 Certification of emergency medical garments, emergency medical gloves, or emergency medical face protection devices to tile requirements of this standard shall not preclude certification to additional appropriate stancktrds where the garments, gloves, or face protection devices ineet all applicable requirements of each standard.

1-1.6 Tile requiremecltS of tiffs standard shall not apply to accessories that might be attacbed to any emergency medical protective clotlting unless specifically addressed herein.

1-1.7 Nothing herein sball restrict any jurisdiction or manufacturer from exceeding these minimum requirements.

1-2 Purpose.

1-2.1 The purpose of dais stan&ard shall be to provide min imum requirements for emergency medical protective clothing designed to minimize skin and mucous membrane contact with liquid-borne pathogens under file various conditions that might exist at the scene of an emergency.

1-2.2 Controlled laboratory tests used to determine compliance with the performance requirements of dais standard shall not be deemed as establishing perfomnance levels for ,all situations to wlficb personnel can be exposed.

1-'&3* This standard shall not be interpreted or us..ed as a detailed manufacturing or purcbase specification, but shMl be permitted to be referenced in purchase specifications as minimum requirements.

1-3 Definitions.

Accessories. Those items that are attacbed to emergency medical protective clothing elements, hut are designed in such a manner as to be removable from the emergency medical protective clothing e lement and are not necessary to meet the requirements of this stancLard.

Approved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Authority HavingJurisdlction. Tire organization, office, or individual responsibh. ~ for approving equipment, an installation, or a procedure.

Barrier Layer. The layer of garment material, glove material, or face protection device material designated as providing biopenetrat ion resistance.

Biological Agents. Biological materials tl~at are capable of causing an acute disease or long-term damage to the human body.

Body Fluids. Fluids that are produced by abe body, including, but not limited to, blood, semen, mucus, feces, urine, (~aginal secretions, breast milk, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, sytLovial fluid, and pericardial fluid.

Boot° A protective clothing item designed to protect the wearer's feet.

Bootie. A sock-like extension of the garment leg designed to protect the wearer's feet when worn in cor~onction wit3 an outer boot.

Certification/Certified. A system whereby a certification organization determines that a manufacturer has demonstra ted the ability to produce a product that complies with tile requirements of tile stan&ard, authorizes the manufacturer to use a label on listed products that comply with the requirements of this standard, and establishes a follow-up program conducted by the certification organization as a check on the methods the manufacturer uses to de termine compliance with the requirements of this standard.

Certification Organization. An independent , third-party organization that determines product compliance with the requirements of this standard with a labeling/listing/follow-up program.

Compl |ance/Compl iane Meeting or exceeding all applicable requirements of tiffs standard.

Component. Aiay material, part, or subassembly used in the construction of any e lement of emergency medical protective clothing.

Element(s). Items that comprise emergency medical protective clothing, including garments, gloves, and face protection devices.

Emergency Medical Face Protection Device. An element of emergency medical protective clothing that meets all applicable requirements of tiffs standard. Such devices are designed to provide minimum face protection, are configured to cover part or all of the wearer's face or bead, and include, but are not limited to, splash- resistant eye wear, hooded visors, and masks. Face protection devices meeting the minimum requirements of dais s tandard are not in tended to be primary eye protection. (See also Emergency Medical Protective Clothing.)

Emergency Medical Garment. An e lement of emergency medical protective clothing flaat can be a single garment or an assembly of multiple garments, and that meets all applicable requirements of this standard. Such garments are designed and configured to cover any part of the wearer's skin, excluding hands and face, and include, but are not limited to, full body clothing such as suits, coveralls, and patient/victim isolation bags; and non-full body clothing such as aprons, sleeve protectors, and shoe covers. (See also Emergency Medical Protective Clothing.)

Emergency Medical Glove. A single-use e lement of emergency medical protective clothing that meets all applicable requirements of this standard and is designed and configured to cover the wearer's hand to at least the wrist. (See also Emergency Medical Protective Clothing.)

Emergency Medical Operations. Delivery of emergency patient care and transportation prior to arrival at a bospital or other health care facility.

Emergency Medical Protective Clothing. Multiple elements including garments, gloves, mad face protection devices, designed for the purpose of isolating parts o f the wearer's body from contact with liquid-borne pathogens during delivery of emergency patient care and other emergency medical operations.

Emergency Patient Care. The provision of t reatment to patients, including first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic life support, advanced life support, and other medical procedures that occur prior to arrival at a hospital or other health care facility.

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Face Protection Device. See Emergency Medical Face Protection Device.

Flammable or Explosive Atmospheres. Atmospheres containing substances or gases at concentrations that will burn or explode if ignited.

Follow-Up Program. The sampling, inspections, tests, or other measures conducted by the certification organization on a periodic b,xsis to determine the cont inued compliance of labeled and listed products that are being produced by the manufacturer to the requirements of this standard.

Garment. See Emergency Medical Garment.

Garment Closure. Tile garment component designed and configured to ,allow the wearer to don (enter) and doff (exit) the emergency medical garment.

Garment Closure Assembly. The combination of the garment closure and the seam attaclting the garment closure to the garment, excluding any protective flap or cover.

Garment Material. All material layers used in the construction of emergency medical garments, other than patches, reinforcements, and trim.

Gauntlet. The circttlar, flared, or otherwise expanded part o f the glove dmt.extends beyond the opening of die glove body.

Glove. See Emergency Medical (;love.

Glove Body. The part of die glove that extends from the tip of the fingers to 25.4 mm (1 in.) beyon d the wrist crease.

Glove Material. All material layers used in the construction of emergency medical gloves.

Hazardous Chemical. Arty solid, liquid, gas, or mixture thereof that can potentially cause harm to d~e human body d~rough respiration, ingestion, skin absorption, or contact.

Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation dlat maint~dns periodic inspection of product ion of labeled equipment or materials and bywhose labeling the mantffacturer indicates compliance with appropriate stanckxrds or performance in a specified manner . (See also Product LabeL)

Liquid-Borne Pathogen. An infectious microorganism contained within a body fluid or liquid.

Listed.* Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services that m,aintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and whose listing states either that the eqttipment, material, or service meets identified standards or h,xs been tested and found suitable for a specified pnrpose.

Package. The wrapping or enclosure directly containing the emergency medicalglove or face protection device.

Package Product Label. The product label that is pr inted on or attached to a package containing one or more emergency medical protective clothing elements. (See also Product LabeL)

Product Label. A label or marking affixed to each compliant garment, glove, or face protection device by the manufacturer. Such labels contain compliance statements, certification statements, general information, care, maintenance, or similar dam. The product label is not the certification organization's label, symbol, or identifying mark; however, the certification organization's label, symbol, or identifying mark is at tached to or a p a r t of tbe product label. (See also Labeled and Package Product LabeL)

Radiological Agents. Radiation associated with X-rays, alpha, and gamma emissions from radioactive isotopes, or other material in excess of normal radiation I~tckground levels.

Sample. The element, component , or composite that is condit ioned for testing. (.See also Sp~irmm.)

Seam. Any permanent at tachment of two or more garment or glove materials, excluding external fittings, pockets, gaskets, and garment closure assemblies, in a line formed by jo in ing the separate material pieces.

Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Should. Indicates a recommendat ion or that which is advised but no t required.

Single-Use Element*. Elements that are designed to be used one time and then disposed of in accordance with applicable local, state, and federal guidelines.

Specimen. The condit ioned element, component , or composite that is tested. Specimens are taken from samples. (See also Sample.)

Splash-Resistant Eye Wear. Safety glasses, prescription eye wear with protective side shields, goggles, or chin-length face shields that, when properly worn, provide limited protection against splashes, spray, spatters, or droplets of body fluids, or other potentially infectious material.

Trace Number. A code that can be used to retrieve die production history of a product, for example, a lot or serial number.

1-4 Units.

1-4.1 In this standard, values for measurement are followed by an equivalent in parentheses, but only the first stated value sbMl be regarded as the requirement. Equivalent values in parentheses shall not be considered as the requirement, as these values might be approximate.

Chapter 2 Certificadon

2-1 General.

2-1.1 Emergency medical garments, emergency medical gloves, and emergency medical face protection devices that are labeled as being compliant with this standard shall meet or exceed all applicable requirements specified in this standard and shall be certified.

2-1.2 All certifications shall be performed by an approved certification organization that meets at least the requirements specified in Section 2-2.

2-1.3 Compliant emergency medical garments shall be labeled and listed. Such emergency medical garments shall also have a product label titat meets the requirements specified in 3-1.1.

2-1.4 Compliant emergency medical gloves shall be labeled and listed. Such emergency medical gloves shall also have a product label that meets the requirements specified in 3-2.1.

2-1.5 Compliant emergency medical face protection devices shall be labeled andlis ted. Such emergency medical face protection devices shall also have a product label that meets the requirements specified in 3-3.1.

2-1.6" The certification organization's label, symbol, or identifying mark shall be attached to the product label or be part of the product label.

2-2 Certification Program.

2-2.1" The certification org:mization sball not be owned or controlled by manufacturers or vendors of the product being certified. Tile certification organization shall be primarily engaged in cemification work and shall not have a monetary interest in the product ' s ultimate profitability.

2-2.2 Tile certification organization sball refuse to certify products to this standard that do not comply with all applicable requirements of this standard.

2-2.3" The contractual provisions between the certification organization and the manufacturer shall specify that certification is cont ingent on compliance with all applicable requirements of this standard. There shall be no conditional, temporary, or partial certifications. Manufacturers shall not be authorized to use any label or reference to the certification organization on products that are not manufactured in compliance with all applicable requirements of tills standard.

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2-2.4" The certification organization shall have laboratory facilities and equipment available for conducting proper tests, a program for calibratio n of all instru men ts shall be i d p- lacb and op era-d rig-, and procedures shall be in use to ensure proper control of all testing. Good practice shall be followed regai'dirig the use of laboratory manuais, form dah't sheets, documented 6alibration and calibration routines, performance 'verification, proficiency testing, and shaft qualification and training programs.

2-2.5 The certification organization shall require the manufacturer to establish and maintain a program of prod(lction inspection and testing that at least meets the requirements of Section 2-4. The certification organization shall a(Idit the rmanufacturer's quality assurance program to ensure that the quality assurance program provides co- ntiiaued pro, duct compliance with dais stand,4.rd. -

2-2.6 The certification organization and the manufacturer shall evaluate any changes ,'fffecting the form, fit, or fimction of the cer t i fed product to de termine its cont inued certification to this st,anditrd.

2-2.7* The certification organization shall have a follow-up inspection program of the manufactur ing facilities of the certified product, with at least two random and unannounced visits per 12- month period. As par t of the follow-up inspection program-, the certification or, ganization shall select sample product at random from the manufacturer 's production line, from the manufacturer 's in-house stock, or from the open market. Sample product shall be • ! - - . . . . .

respected and tested b 1 the cert~ficatmn orgamzauon to verify the product 's cont inued compliance.

2-2.8 The certification organization shall have a program for investig~tting field reports ,alleging malperformance or failure of listed products.

2-2.9" The certification organization shall requ i re the manufacturer to have a product recall system ,as part of the manufacturer's quality assurance program.

2-2.10 The certific~ttion organization's operating procedures shall provide a mechanism f0r the manufacturer to appeal decisions. The procedures shall include the presentation of information from both sides of a controversy to a designated appeals panel•

2-2.11 The certification organization shall be in a position to use legal means to protect the integrity of its name andlabel . The name and label shall be registered and legally defended.

2-3 Inspection and Testing.

2-3.1 Sampling levels for testing and inspection shall be established by the certification organization and themanufac ture r to assure a reasonable and accep~lble reliability at a reasonable and acceptable confidence level that products certified to dais standard ,are compliant unless suclisamples levels are specified herein. This information shall be included in the manufacturer 's teclmical data package.

2-3.2 Inspection by th,e certification organization shall include a review of-all product labels to ensure th-at all required label attachments, compliarLce statements, certification statements, and other product informa.tion are at least as specified for the respective e lement in 3-1.1, 3-2.1 and 3-3.1.

2-3.3 Inspection by the certification organization shall include a review of-the user information requ i redby 3-1.2, 3-2.2, and 3-3.2 to ensure that the information has been developed and is available.

2-3.4 Inspection by the certification organization for determining compliance with the design requirements specified in Chapter 4 shall be pe r fonned on whole or complete products.

2-3.5 Testing conducted by the certification organization in accordance with the testing requirements of Chapter 6, for determining product compliance widl the applicable performance requirements specified in Chapter 5, shall be performed on samples representative of materials a n d c o m p o n e n t s used in the actual construction of the emergency medical garments, gloves, or face protection devices. The certification organization shall also be permit ted to use sample ~ruaterials cut from a representative product.

2-3.6 Where certification testin~ includes an e lement with one or more accessories, the e lement wath each accessory shall be certified as complying with 4-1.3 and 4-1.4, or 4-2.5 and 4-2.6, or 4-3.3 and 4- 3.4, as applicable.

2-3.7 Any change in the design, construction, or material of a compliant product shall necessitate new inspection and testing to verify compliance to all applicable requirements of this standard that

395

tile certification organization determines can be affected by such change. This recertification shall be conducted before labeling the modified product as being compliant with this standard.

2-3.8 Tile certification organization shall not allow any modifications, pretreatment, conditioning, or other such special processes of the product or any product componen t prior to the product 's submission for ewaluation and testing by the certification organization. The certification organization shall accept from the manufacturer, for evaluation and testing for certification, only product or product components that are the same in every respect to the actual final product or product component . The certification organization shall not allow the substitution, repair, or modification, other than as specifically permit ted herein, of any product or any product componen t during testing.

2-4 Manufacturer's Quality Assurance Program.

2-4.1 The manufacturer sbal lprovide and maintain a quality assurance program that includes a documented inspection and product recall system. The manufacturer shall haw: an inspection system to substantiate conformance to this standard.

2-4.2 The manufacturer shall maintain written inspection and testing instructions. The instructions shall prescribe inspection and test o f materials, work in process, and completed articles. Criteria for acceptance and rejection of materials, processes, and final product shail- be part of th/~ instructions.

2-4.3 The manufacturer shall maintain records of allpass/fail tests. Pass/fail records shall indicate the disposition of the failed material or product.

2-4.4 The manufacturer 's inspection system shall provide for procedures that assure the latest applicable drawings, specifications, and instructions are used for fabrication, inspection-, arid testing.

2-4.5 The manufacturer shall, as part of the quality assurance program, maintain a calibration program of all instruments used to ensure proper control of testing.-The calibration program shall be documented as to the date of c~libration and perforrfiance verification.

2-4.6 The manufacturer shall maintain a system for identifying the appropriate inspection status of componen t materials, work in- process, and finished goods.

2-4.7 The manufacturer shall establish and maintain a system for controlling nonconforming material, including procedures for the identification, segregation, and disposition of rejected material. All nonconforming materials or products shall be identified to prevent use, shipment, and intermingling with conforming materials or products.

2-4.8 The manufacturer 's qualityassurance program shail be audited by the certification organization to determine flint the ptirogram is sufficient to ensure continued product compliance with

ais standard.

2-5 ISO Registration for Manufacturers.

2-5.1 The manufacturer shall provide and operate a quality assurance program that meets-the requirements of this Section and that includes a duct recall system as specified in 2-2.9.

2-5.2 The manufacturer shall be registered to ISO 9001.

2-5.3 All elements of the protective ensemble shall be required to be assembled in a facility that is registered at least to [SO 9002.

2-5.4 The ISO registration requirements shall have an effective date of 1 September 1999.

2-5.5 Until 1 September 1999, or until the date the manufacturer becomes ISO-registered, whichever date occurs first, the manufacturer shall comply with Section 2-4.

Chapter 3 Labeling and Information

3-1 Emergency Medical Garments.

3-1.1 Product Label Requirements.

3-1.1.1 Each garment shall have a product label or labels permanently and- - conspicuously atta.ched to the garment_ At least one product label shal lbe conspicuously located-inside each garment when the garment is properly assembled with all layers and components in place.

N F P A 1999 ~ A 9 7 R O P

3-1.1.2 Multiple label pieces shall be permit ted in order to carryall statements and information required to be on the product label; however, all label pieces comprising the entire product label shall be located adjacent to each other.

3-1.1.3 All worded portions of the required product label shall at least be in English.

3-1.1.4 Symbols and other pictorial graphic representations shall be permitted to be used to supplement worded statements on the product label (s).

3-1.1.5 The product label of each garment that has been designated by the manufacturer as a single-use garment, in accordance with 4- 1.1, sh,'dl have the following statement pr inted in letters that are at least 3 mm (1/8 in.) high.

"THIS GARMENT IS FOR SINGLE USE ONLY."

3-1.1.6 The certification organization's label, symbol, or identifying mark and at least the following statement shall be legibly pr in ted on the product label. All letters shall be at least 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) high.

"THIS (insert name of ~rarment tvoe. e.~.. coveralls, sleeve protector) MEETS THE EMERGENCY MEDI'C_dEL (?,ARMENT REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 1999, STANDARD ON PROTECTIVE CLOTHING FOR EMERGENCN MEDICAL OPERATIONS, 1997 EDITION."

3-1.1.7 The following information shall also be pr inted legibly on the product label. All letters shall be at least 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) high.

(a) Manufacturer 's name, identification, or designation;

(b) Manufacu, rer 's address;

(c) Country of marluf~q.cture;

(d) Garment model and style;

(e) Trace number;

(f) [)ate of manufacture; and

(g) Size.

3-1.2 User Information.

3-1.2.1 The garment mmaufacturer shall provide the following instructions and information with eacb garment, as applicable:

(a) Pre-use information: 1. Safety considerations; 2. Limitations of use; 3. Garment marking recommendat ions and restrictions; 4. A statement that most performance propert ies of the garment

cannot be tested by the user-in the field; and 5. Warranty information;

(b) Preparation for use: 1. Sizing/adjustment; and 2. Recommended storage practices;

(c) Inspection: 1. Inspection frequency and details;

(d) Don/doff : 1. Donning and doffing procedures; 2. Sizing and adjustment procedures; and 3. Interface issues;

(e) Use: 1. Proper use consistent with NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire

Department Occupational Safe~. and Health Program, ,and NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Inf~tion Control Program;

(f) Maintenance and cleaning: 1. Cleaning instructions and precautions with a s tatement

advising users not to use garments that are not thoroughly cleaned and dried;

2. Inspection details; 3. Maintenance criteria and methods of repair where applicable;

and

4. Decontamination procedures for biological contamination; and

(g) Ret i rement and disposal: 1. Retirement and disposal criteria and considerations.

3-1.3 Technical Data Package.

3-1.3.1" Upon tile request of the purcbaser or end user, the manufacturer shall furnish a teclmical data package with each type of clothing.

3-1.3.2 The technical data package shall contain all documenta t ion required by this s tandard and the data showing compliance with tltis standard.

3-1.3.3 In the technical data package, the manufacturer shall describe the garment in terms of manufacturer trade name and model number, manufacturer-replaceable components , and available sizes, options, and accessories.

3-1.3.4 The manufacturer shall provide, in the technical i?acka!ge, the list and descriptions of the following garment materials anc l components , if applicable:

(a) Garment material;

(b) Boot or bootie material;

(c) Zipper /c losure type and materials;

(d) Material seam types and composition;

(e) External fitting types and material(s);

(f) External gasket types and material(s).

3-1.$.4.1 All descriptions of material composition shall specify either the generic material names or the trade names if the composit ion of the material is proprietary.

3-1.3.4.2 Descriptions of respective garment materials and components shall include the following information, if applicable:

(a) Boots or booties:

1. Type of linings or surface treannents;

2. Type of soles or special toe reinforcements; and

3. Available boot sizes; and

(b) Garment zipper or closure:

1. The material(s) of construction for the closure, including chain, slide, pull, and tape for zippers;

2. The location and the length of the completed closure assembly; and

3. A description of any protective covers or flaps.

3-1.3.5 The manufacturer shall describe, in the technical data package, the type of seams or methods of a t tachment for the follovang garment material and componen t combinations, if applicable:

(a) Garment mater ial-garment material;

(b) Garment material-visor;

(c) Garment material-glove;

(d) Garment material-boot;

(e) Garment mater ial-garment closure.

3-2 Emergency Medical Gloves.

3-2.1" Product and Package Product Label Requirements.

3-2.1.1 The package containing the smallest number of glove elements from which the user withdraws product for use shall have a package product label.

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N F P A 1999 1 A 9 7 R O P

3-2.1.2 The packageproduct label shall be permanently and conspicuously locatedon the outside of the package or printed on the package. Tlfis label shall not be removed, obscured, or otherwise mutilated by the opening of the package when the package is opened as intended.

3-2.1.3 The certificatiola org~anization's label, symbol, or identifying mark and at least the following statement shall be printed on the package product label. All letters and numbers shall be at least 3.0 mm (I /8 in.) high.

"THIS GLOVE MEETS THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL GLOVE REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 1999, STANDARD ON PROTECTIVE CLOTHING FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL OPERATIONS, 1997 EDITION.

THIS GLOVE IS FOR SINGLE USE ONLY."

$-2.1.4 The following information shall also be printed legibly on fine package product label. Tiffs portion of the package product label shall not be removed, obscured, or otherwise mutilated by the

~l ening of the package when the package is opened as intended. letters and numbe~ shall be at least 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) high.

(a) Manufacturer's home, identification, or designation;

(b) Manufacturer's address;

(c) Country of manu~Scmre;

(d) Glove model and style;

(e) Trace number;,

(f) Date of manufacture; and

(g) Size.

3-2.1.5 All portions of the required product labels and package product labels shall be at least printed in English.

3-2.1.6 Symbols and other pictorial graphic representations shall be permitted to be used to supplement worded statements on the product labels and package product labels.

3-2.1.7 In addition to the required package product label, each glove shall be permitted to have a product label on the outside of the glove ganntlet.

3-2.1.8 Where each glove has a product label, the certification organization's label, symbol, or identifying mark and at least the following statement shall be legibly printed as die product label on each glove. All letters and numbers shall be at/east 3.0 turn (1/8 in.) high.

"MEETS NFPA 1999 (1997 ED.)"

3-2.2 User Information.

3-2.2.1 The glove manufacturer shall provide the following instructions and information with each package of gloves, as applicable:

(a) Pre-use information: I. S,'ffety considerations; 2. Limitations of use; 3. Glove marking recommendations and restrictions; 4. A statement that most performance properties of the glove

cannot be tested by the user in the field; and 5. Warranty infon'nation.

(b) Preparation for use: 1. Sizing; and 2. Recommended sto~tge practices;

(c) Inspection: 1. Inspection frequency and details;

(d) Don/doff: 1. Donning and doffing procedures; 2. Sizing procedures; and 3. Interface issues.

(e) Use: 1. Proper use consistent with NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire

Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, and NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program;

(f) Maintenance and cleaning: 1. Inspection details; and 2. Decontamination procedures for biological contamination;

and

(g) Disposal: 1 Disposal criteria and considerations.

3-2.3 Technical Data Package.

3-2.3.1" Upon the request of die purchaser or end user, tile manufacturer shall furnish a technical data package with each type of clothing.

3-2.$.2 The technical data package shall contain all documentation required by this standard and the data showing compliance with this standard.

3-2.$.$ In the technical data package, the manufacturer shall provide file following information, tf applicable:

(a) Name or designation of manufacturer;

(b) Model number or design;

(c) Material composition;

(d) Description of material seams;

(e) Type of linings or surface treatments; and

(f) Available glove sizes.

3-2.3.4 Description of the material composition shall specify either the generic material name or the trade name if the composition of the material is proprietary.

3-3 Emergency Medical Face Protection Devices.

3-3.1" Product Label Requirements.

3-3.1.1 The package containing the smallest number of face protection device elements from which the user withdraws product for use shall have a package product label.

3-3.1.2 The packageproduct label shall be permanendy and conspicuously Iocatedon the outside of the package or printed on the package. This [abe[ shall not be removed, obscured, or otherwise mutilated by the opening of the package when the package is opened as intended.

3-3.1.3 The package product label of face protection devices that have been designated by the manufacturer as single-use devices, in accordance with 4-3.1, shall have the following statement printed in letters that are at least 3 mm (1/8 in.) high.

"THIS FACE PROTECTION DEVICE IS FOR SINGLE USE ONLY."

3-3.1.4 The certification organization's label, symbol, or identifying mark and at least the following statement shall printed on the package product label. All letters and numbers shall be at least 3.0 mm (1/8 in,) high.

"THIS DEVICE MEETS THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL FACE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 1999, STANDARD ON PROTECTIVE CLOTHING FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL OPERATIONS, 1997 EDITION."

3-3.1.5 The following information shall also be printed legibly on file package product label. This portion of the package product label shall not be removed, obscured, or otherwise mutilated by the opening of the package when the package is opened as intended. All letters and numbers shall be at least 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) high.

(a) Manufacturer's name, identification, or designation;

(b) Manufacturer's address;

(c) Country of manufacture;

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(d) Device model and style;

(e) Trace number;

(f) [)ate of manufacture; and

(g) Size.

3-3.1.6 All portions of the required product labels and package product labels shall be at least pr inted in English.

3-3.1.7 Symbols and taller pictorial graphic representations shall be permitted to be used to supplement worded statements on tile product labels and package product labels.

3-3.1.8 Where face protection devices are in tended for multiple use, each face protection device shall bare a product label, in addition to tile required package product label, in a conspicuous Io~-afion on the device that shall not interfere with the wearer 's vision.

3-3.1.9 The certification or~Dnization's label, symbol, or identifying mark and at least the following statement shall be legibly pr in ted as tile product label on each multiple-use face protection device. All letters and numbers shall be at least 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) high.

"MEETS NFPA 1999 (1997 ED.)"

3-3.1.10 Face protection devices that are in tended for single use shall be permit ted to have a product [abe[, in addition to tile required package product label, in a conspicuous location on the device that shall not interfere with tile wearer 's vision.

3-3.1.11 Where single-use fitce protection devices bear a product label, the certification organization's label, symbol, or identifying mark and at least tile following statement shall be legibly pr inted as the product label on the face protection device. All letters and numbers sball be at least 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) higb.

"MEETS NFPA 1999 (1997 ED.)"

3-3.2 User Information.

3-3.2.1 The face protection device mamffacturer shall provide tile following instructions and information with each package of face protection devices, as applicable:

(a) Pre-use information: 1. Safety considerations; 2. Limitations of use; 3. Face protection device marking recommendat ions and

restricti ons; 4. A statement that most performmace propert ies of the face

protection device cannot be tested by the user in the field; and 5. Warranty information;

(b) Preparation for use: 1. Sizing/adjustment; and 2. Recommended storage practices;

(c) Inspection: 1. Inspection frequency and details;

(d) Don/doff : 1. Donning and doffing procedures; 2. Sizing and adjustment procedures; and 3. Interface issues;

(e) Use: 1. Proper use consistent with NFPA 1500, Standard onFire

Department Oocupational Safe~. and Health Program, and NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program;

(f) Maintenance and cleaning: 1. Cleaning instructions and precautions with a s tatement

advising users not to use face protection devices that are not thoroughly cleaned and dried;

2. Inspection details; B. Maintenance criteria and methods of repair where applicable;

and 4. Decontamination procedures for biological contamination;

and

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(g) Retirement and Disposal: 1. Retirement and disposal criteria and considerations.

3-3.3 Technical Data Package.

3-3.3.1" Upon the request of the purchaser or end user, tile manufacturer shall furnish a technical data package with each type of clothing.

3-3.3.2 The teclmical data package shall contain all documentat ion required by this s tandard and the data showing compliance with this standard.

3-3.3.3 In the technical data package, the manufacturer shall provide the following information, if applicable:

(a) Name or designation of manufacturer;

(b) Model number or design;

(c) Material composition;

(d) Description of any hardware;

(e) Replaceable items; and

(f) Available sizes.

3-3.3.4 Description of the material composition shall specify either tile generic material name or the trade name if the composition of the material is proprietary.

Chapter 4 Design Requirements

4-1 Emergency Medical Garment Design Requirements.

4-1.1 The manufacturer shall designate wheti~er the garment is desig.ned to meet tbe single-use requiremem~ or tile multiple-use requirements.

4-1.2 Garments shall be designed to cover any part of the torso, excluding hands, face, and feet. Garments sball be permit ted to be configured as, but are not limited to, full body clothing such as suits, coveralls, and patient/victim isolation bags; and non-full body clothing such as aprons, sleeve protectors, and shoe covers.

4-1.5" All portions of the body covered by the garment e lement shall be protected by the barrier layer.

4.1.4" The barrier layer shall be a single, nonseparable layer.

4.1..5" All external fittings including, but not limited to, zippers, snaps, or other fasteners of specimen garments, shall be examined and sball be free of rough spots, burrs, sharp edges that could tear the garment or glove materials. - -

4-1.6 Any accessories attached to any ~a~rment shall not interfere with the function of that garment or with the function of any of the garment 's componen t parts.

4-1.7 Where garments are provided with an accessory or accessories, the garment shall meet all of the design and performance requtrements of this s tandard with accessories iristalled. In all cases, sucqa accessories shall not degrade the performance of the garment.

4.9 Emergency Medical Glove Design Requirements.

4.2.1" Gloves shall be designated to meet the single-use requirements only.

4.9.9 Gloves shall be designed and configured to provide protection to tile hand from the fingertips to at least 25.4 m m ( 1 in.) beyond the wrist crease.

4.2.3 The glove shall be permitted to have a gauntlet that extends beyond tile opening of tile glove body.

4-2.4* All compliant gloves shall be Class I Medical Devices and shall meet the requirements of Title 21, Code of Federal Regulatlons, Part 880.

4-2.5 In order to label or otherwise represent a glove as being compliant with tile requirements of this standard, tile manufacturer shall provide gloves in not less than five separate and distinct sizes. Gloves shall be permit ted to be provided in ambidextrous sizing consistent with the following dimensions. The glove size on the product label shall be de te rmined as specified in Table 4-2.5.

N F P A 1 9 9 9 1 A 9 7 R O P

Table 4-2.5

Labeled Size to Fit Hand Circmnference Hand Length

XS 178 to 203 nun (7--8 in.) Up to 171.5 ram (6 314 ha.) S 203 to 2285 mm (8--9 in.) Up to 181 mm (7 1/8 in.) M 228.5 to 254 mm (9-10 in.) Up to 190.5 (7 1/2 ha.) L 254 to 279.5 mm (10--11 ha.) Up to 203 nun (8 in.) XL 279.5 to 305 mm (11-12 ha.) Up to 213 mm (8 3/'8 ha.)

4-2.5.1 Hand dimensions for selection of pro~,.er glove size shall consist of taking two diraensions, as shown inHgure 4-2.5.1: (1) the hand circumference; and (2) the lengdl of the right hand.

F

Hand length

I

/ /

Figure 4-2.5.1 Method of measuring hand dimensions for selection of proper glove size.

4-2.5.2 Hand circnmference shall be measured by placing the measuring tape on a table or other flat surface, with the numerals facing downward. The subject shall place the fight hand, palm down and fingers together, in die middle of file tape so fllat the tape can pass straight across the hand just heneath die knuckles (metacarpal). The circumference shaU be m ~ u r e d snugly to the nearest 3.2 mm (1/8 in.), as shown in Figure 4-2.5.1.

4-2.5.3 Hand lengdi sliall be measured by placing die subject's right hand, palm down, on a piece of paper with the fingers together and die hand and arm in a straight line. The d m m b shall be fully adducted, ex tended a~ray from die palm as far as possible. The paper shall be marked at the tip of the third or middle finger. The notch at die base of die dulmb where the f l iumbjoins the wrist shall be marked with a pencil. The straight-line distance between the two points shall be measured to die nearest 3.2 mm (1/8 in.), as shown in Figure 4-2.5.1.

4-9.6* Specimen gloves and related hardware of gloves shall be examine'd and shall be free of rough sl?ots, burrs, or sharp edges that could tear the garmenl: or glove materaal.

4-9.7 Any accessories ~,ttached to anyglove shall no t interfere with die function of fllat glove or with die function of any of the glove's componen t parts.

4-2.8 Where gloves art: provided with an accessory or accessories, the glove shall meet all[ of tile design and performance requirements of dtis standard with accessories installed. In all cases, SUCh accessories shall not degrade die performance of die glove.

4-3 Emergency Medical Face Protection Device Design Requirements.

4-$.1 The manufacturer shall designate whether die face protection device is designated to meet the slngle-use requirements or the multiple-use requirements.

4-3.2 Face protection devices shall be designed to cover part or all of the face or head. Face protection devices shall be permit ted to be configured as, but are not limited to, splash-resistant eye wear. hooded visors, and masks.

4-3.$* Specimen face protection devices and related hardware of specimen face protective devices shall be examined and shMI be free of rough spots, burrs, or sharp edges that could teat garment or glove materials.

4-$.4 Any accessories attached to any face protection device shall not interfere with the function of that face protection device or with the function of any of die face protection device's componen t parts.

4-3.5 Where face protection devices are provided with an accessory or accessories, the face protection device shall meet all of the design and performance requirements of this standard with accessories installed. In all cases, such accessories shall not degrade the performance of the face protection device.

Chapter 5 Performance Requirements

5-1" Emergency Medical Garment Performance Requirements.

5-1.1 Specimen garments shall be tested for liquid-tight integrity as specified in Section 6-2, Liquid-Tight Integrity Test One, and shall allow no water penetration.

5-1.2 Specimens of garment material and seams shall be tested for biopenetrat ion resistance as specified in Section 6-3, Biopenetration Test One, and shall exhibit no penetration of die Phi-X-174 bacteriophage.

5-1.3 Specimens of each separable layer of garment material shall be tested for tensile strength as specified in Section 6-4, Tensile Strength Test, and shall have a tensile strength of not less than 133.5 N (30 Ibf).

5-1.4 Specimens of each separable layer of garment material shall be tested for bursting strength as specified in Section 6-5, Burst Strength Test, and shall have a bursting strength of not less than 345 kPa (50 psi).

5-1.5 Specimens of each separable layer of garment material shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 6-6, Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 24.5 N (5.5 lbf).

5-1.6 Specimens of each separable layer of garment material shall be tested for tear strength as specified in Section 6-7, Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a tear strength of not less than 35.6 N (8.0 Ib0.

5-1.7 Specimens of seams from each separable layer of garment material shall be tested for breaking strength as specified in Section 6-8, Seam/Closure Breaklns[ Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of no t less than 66.7 N/50.8 mm (15 Ibf/2 in.).

5-1.8 Specimens of garment closure assemblies shall be tested for breaking strength as specified in Section 6-8, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 66.7 N/50.8 mm (15 lbf/2 in.).

5-2* Emergency Medical Glove Performance Requirements.

5-2.1 Specimen gloves shall be tested for liquid-tight integrity as specified in Section 6-9, Liquid-Tight integrity Test Two, and shall have an Acceptable Quality Limit of 1.5 or better.

5-2.2 Specimen gloves shall be tested for bioeenetrat ion resistance as specified in Section 6-10, Biopenetration Iest Two, and shall exhibit no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage.

5-9.$ Specimens of a glove material shall be tested for strength as specified in Section 6-11, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Modulus Test, and shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not less dlan 13.8 MPa (2000 psi) and shall have a modulus of not more than 2.07 MPa (:300 psi) at 300 percent elongation.

5-9.4 Specimens of a glove material shall be tested for elongation as specified in Section 6-12, Ultimate Elongation Test, and shall have an ultimate elongation of not less than 500 percent.

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5-2.5 Specimens of a glove material shall be tested for puncture resistance ,as specified in Section 6-13, Puncture Resistance Test, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 4.45 N (1.0 Ibf).

5-2.6 Specimens of a glove material shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 6-14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have a reference load at 25 mm (i in.) of not less than 25 g.

5-2.7 Specimen gloves shall be tested for dexterity as specified in Section 6-15, Dexterity Test, ,and shall have test times no greater than 106 percent of baseline test measurements.

5-2.8* Specimens of a glove material shall be tested for protein levels ,as specified in Section 6-16, Protein Content Test, and shall bare protein levels no greater than 1000[ag/g.

5-3* Emergency Medical Face Protection Device Performance Requirements.

5-3.1 Specimen face protection devices shall be tested for visual acuity ,as specified in Section 6-17, Visual Acuity Test, and tile test subjects shall be able to read at l e~ t the 20/20 visual acuity line or better. The face protective device shall also remain functional, and shall be able to be donned and adjt,sted in accordance with the mamffactnrer 's instructions.

5-3.2 Specimen face protection devices shall be tested for liquid- tight integrity ,as specified in Section 6-18, Liquid-Tight Integrity Test Three, and shall allow no water penetration.

5-3.3 Specimens of representative materials and seams used in the actual construction of the face protection device shall be tested for biopenetrat ion resistance as specified in Section 6-3, Biopenetrat ion Test One and shall exhibit no penetrat ion of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage.

Chapter 6 Test Methods

6-1 Sample Preparation Procedures.

6-1.1 Application.

6-1.1.1 Tbe s;unple preparation procedures contained in dais section shall apply to each test method in this chapter, as specifically referenced in the sample preparation section of each test method.

6 - 1 . 1 . 2 0 n l y t h e specific sample preparation procedure or procedures referenced in the sample preparation section of each test method shall be applied to that test method.

6-1.2 Room Temperature Conditioning Procedure for Garments, Gloves, and Face Protection Devices.

6-1.2.1 Samples shall be condi t ioned at a temperature of 21°C, +-3°C (70°F, -~°F) ,and a relative humidity of 65 percent, z!:5 percent, until equilibrium is reached, ,as de te rmined in accordance with Section 4 o f Federal Test Method Standard 191A, Textile Test Methods, or for at least 24 hours, whichever time period is shortest.

6-1.2.2 Specimens shall be tested within 5 min ,alter removal f rom condi ti th ing.

6-1.3 Washing and Drying Procedure ['or Garments.

6-1.3.1 Samples shall be subjected to 25 cycles of washing and drying in accordance with the procedure specified in Machine Cycle 1, Wash Temperature V, and Drying Procedure Ai, o f ANSI/AATCC 135, Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics.

6-1.3.2 A single garment, plus sufficient ballast if needed, to create a minimum load of 1.8 kg, _+0.1 kg (4.0 lb, --+0.2 Ib), shall be used.

6-1.3.3 The samples shall be prepared for washing in accordance with the manufacturer 's instructions.

6-1.3.4 In all cases, a lanndry bag shall not be used.

6-I .4 Abrasion Procedure for Garments.

6-1.4.1 Specimens cut from condi t ioned samples shall be abraded in accordance with ASTM D 4157, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabric.s (Osdllato 0 C31inder Method), under the following conditions:

(a) A 2.3-kg (5-1b) tension weight shall be used.

(b) A 1.6-kg (3.5-1b) head weight shall be used.

(c) An 80-grit abradant trimite E-weight open coat, or equivalent, shall be used.

(d) The specimen shall be abraded for 25 continuous cycles.

(e) Anisotropic materials shall be tested in both machine and transverse directions.

6-1.5 Flexural Fatigue Procedure for Garments.

6-1.5.1 Specimens cut from conditional samples shall be subjected to flexural fatigue in accordance with ASTM F 392, Standard Test Methodfor Flex Durabili~. of Flexible Barrier Materials, with the following modifications:

(a) In lieu of Flexing Conditions A, B, C, D, or E, the test specimens shall have a flex period of t00 cycles at 45 cycles per minute. A cycle shall be ful/flex and twisting action.

(b) Anisotropic materials shall be tested in both machine and transverse directions.

6-1.6 Flexural Fatigue Procedure for Gloves.

6-1.6.1 Sample gloves shall be subjected to one full cycle of testing for dexterity testing ,as specified in Section 6-15.

6-1.7 lsopropanol Immersion Procedure for Gloves.

6-1.7.1 Sample gloves shall be totally immersed in 100 percent isopropanol at room temperature for a period of 2 hr.

6-1.7,2 Sample gloves shall be removed f rom the isopropanol, hung in a vertical position for 5 rain, laid horizontal with AATCC textile blotting pa~er both under and over the specimen, under a weight of 0.002 k / c m for a period of 20 min as specified in ANSI/AATCC 70, Test Method for Water RepeUenc 3- Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption Test.

6-1.7.$ Specimens shall then be cut from the sample after conditioning.

6-1.7.4 Specimen shall be tested within 5 minutes following blotting.

6-1.8 Heat Aging Procedure for Gloves.

6-1.8.1 Glove samples shall be subjected to beat aging in accordance with ASTM D 573, Standard Test Method for Rubber-Deterioration in an Air Oven, at a temperature of 70°C, zt:2°C ( 158°F, +_3.6°F) for 166 hours, :lz2, hours.

6-1.8.2 The sample gloves shall be allowed to cool for 10 rain -+1 rain prior to testing.

6-2 Liquid-Tight Integrity Test One.

6-2.1 Application.

6-2.1.1 This test method shall apply to garments.

6-2.1.2 Specimen garments that are designated for single use or multiple use in accordance with 4-1.1 shall be subjected to different sample preparation procedures specified in 6-2.3.

6-2.2 Specimens.

6-2.2.1 A minimum of one specimen shall be tested. Specimens shall consist of the entire garment with all layers assembled that are required for the garment to be compliant.

6-2.2.2 The size of the garment comprising the specimens shall be chosen to conform with the dimensions oft_he mannequin for proper fit of the specimen on the mannequin in accordance with the manufacturer 's sizing system. The size of the garments comprising the specimen shall be the same size of the mannequin in terms of chest circumference, waist circumference, and in seam heighL

6-2.3 Sample Preparation.

6-2.3.1 Samples for conditioning shall be complete garments.

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N F P A 1999 "-- A97 R O P

6-2.$.2~ ,SI.)ecimens for single-use garments shall be'conditioned as specified m 6-1.2.

6-2.$.B S[)ecimens for multiple-use garments shall be conditioned as specified m 6-1.3 and then as specified in 6-1.2.

6-2.4 Apparatus.

6-2.4.1" The a p p ~ m s an~i supplies for testingshallbe those specified in ASTM F 1359, Standard Prac~/e~for/)aerm/a/ng L/qu/d-

• Tight Integti 9 o f C ~ ' c a l Pgot~tive Suits orEnsemblesunderSta~ Conditions,,using the following modifications:

(a) Thesurt~ce tension of the water used in tesfimg shall be 35 dyues/cm, :l~ dynes/cm.

(b) Tile mannequin used in testing shall have su'aight arn~ and legs, with the arms positioned downward at the mannequin's side.

6-2.5 Procedure.

6-2.5.1" Liquid-tight integrity testing of garments shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM F 1350~ Standard Pract/c~for D ~ i n i n g Liquid-Tight [nlqg~t 3 of Chemical IVo~iCy Suits or E, tw~Lu under Static Conditions. with the following modifications:

(a) NO provision for garments witha partial barrier layer shall be allowed.

(b) The method used for mounting of the marmequ~in the spray chamber shall not interfere with tile water spray.

(c) Where non-full body garments are tested, those portions of the body not covered by the g ~ m e n t shall be blocked offand shall not be evaluated for watertight integrity:

(d) The suited mannequin shall be exposed, to ,the fiquid spray, for a total of 20 rain, 5 rain in each of the four Specified'mannequha ~" orientations.

(e) At tile end of the liquid spray exposure period, excessfiquid shall be removed from the surface of the specimen.

(f) The specimen shall be inspected withil3 10 rain of the end of the liquid spray exposure peri0d for evidence of liquid penetration.

• 6-2.6 Report .

6-2.6. I* A diagram shall be prepared for ea~ te~ that identified the locations of any liquid leakage as detected on the liquid- absorptive garment.

6-2.7 Ime~pretmion.

6-2.7. ! Axe. evidenc, e of .liquid~n the.li~iwid,~:., orpti~.gar~me .nt;. • as aeterminen Oy visual inspection, tactile inspection, or oy amoment toweling, shall constitute failure of the specimen.

6~ Biopenetratioi~ Test One.

6-3.1 Appficatlon.

6-8,1.1 Tills test shall be applied t~ the ~ r layer used in the construction of garments and face protection devices. ,

6.& 1.2 Specimen garments flint are designated for single rote or multiple use in accordance with 4-1.1 shall be subjectedto different samp[e preparation procedures specified in 6-$.~.

6-3.1.$ Specimenface protection devices flrat are de~gnated for single use or multiple use in accordance With 4-$.1 ~shall be subjected to the sample preparation procedures spectfied for single- and multiple-use face protection devices in'6,$.$:

6-$.1.4 Modifications to this test method for testing garments shall be as specifi~t in 6-3.7.

6-3.1.5 Modifications to this test method for testing face protection devices shall be specified in 6-3.8.

6-S.2.1 A minimum of three specimens slmll be tested. Specimens- shall conslst of three 76,2-mm (3.0-in:) S/luares for each material type.

6-&5 Sample Preparation.

6-3.$.1 Samples of single-use gal'm, ents shall be conditioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-3~.2 Samples of mulfiple~ase garments shall be conditioned as specified in~I .3 . Specimet~ shall be cut from conditioned samples. One set Qf spe~hnens shaHthen be conditioned as specified in 6-1.4. Another set of specimens shall then be conditi6ned as specified in 6- 1.5. One set ofspedmens shall be permitted to be conditioned as specified in both 6-1.4 and 6-1.5, and then tested.

6-~.$.$ Samples of single- and multiple-use face protection devices shall be conditioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-$.4 Procedure.

6-3.,4.1 Liquid penetration resistance t e~ting shall be conducted irJ accordance with ASTM F 1671, Standald Tat Mahod for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective ClotAiag To Pcna~ration by Bk~l-Borne Pathogens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage Penetration as,a Test System.

6-$.5 Report. t

6-$.5.1 Tile pass/fail result for each specimen shaft be reported.

6-$.6 Interpretation.

0-$.6.1 A fallm-e of atiy specimen constitutes failure of the material..

6-$.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Garments.

6-3.7.1 Specimens for biopenetration testing shall Consist of th'e barrierlayer only.

6-$.7.2 Spedmens for conditionlngas specified 6-1.4 and 6-1.5-shall be permitted to be garment m a t e r . s configured as in the actual construction.

6-3.7.$ Only 9he specimen for bacteriophage penetrafiot'l testing shall be taken from each specime n that was subjected tofl~xing conditiom. Thetest specimen shall be taken from the exactcenter of the flexed sample so that the center of the bacteriophage e~pnsure and the center of the flexed sample coincide.

6~.7.4 Only One specimen for bacteriophage penetrati~a resistance t estJn~g shall be taken from each specimen that was subjected to abrasmn~fhe test specimen shall be taken from the exact center of the abraded sample so that the center of the bacteriop.ha~e exposure test and the center of the abraded sample coincide.

6-S.8 Specific Requlrements for Testing Face Protection Devices.

6-8.8.1 Samples for conditioning shall be whole-face protectimJ devices.

6-$.&~ .,Three specimens each shall be taken from materials used in the construction ~fthe face protection device that are intended to act as the barrier material.

6-4 Tensile Strength Test.

64.1 Application.

6-4.1.1 This test shall be applied to each separable layer of materials used in tile construc~on of garments.

6-4.1.2 Specimen garments and components that are designated for single u ~ or for multiple use in accordance with 4-1.1 shall be ~al>#b.je3.cted to differf.at ~ua~e .preparation procedures specified in

6-4.2 Specimee~

6-4.2.1 Five specimens in e ~ h of the warp and fiH directions shall be tested fi-om each sample unit.

\

64.$ Sample Preparation.

64-$:1 Samples for conditioning shall be the en0re garment.

64.$.2 Samples for single-use garments shall be conditioned as specified in 6-1.2.

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6-4.3.3 Samples for multiple-use garments shall be condit ioned as specified in 6-1.3 and then condit ioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-4.4 Procedure.

6-4.4.1 Specimens shall be tested in accordance with Section 9, Breaking Strength, A - - Grab Method, ofA+STM D 751, Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics.

6-4.5 Report.

6-4.5.1 The tensile strength of each specimen shall be repor ted to the nearest 0.05 kg (0.1 lb) of force. An average tensile strength shall be calculated for warp and filling directions.

6-4.6 Interpretation.

6-4.6.1 Pass/fall performance shall be based on the average tensile strength in the warp and filling directions. Failure in any one direction constitutes failure for the material.

6-5 Burst Strength Test.

6-5.1 Application.

6-5.1.1 This test shall apply to materials used in the construction of garments. If the garment is constructed of several separable layers, then all layers, ,assembled in die same order in which they appear in the garment, shall be tested as a composite.

6-5.1.2 Specimen garments and components that are designated for single use and for multiple use in accordance with 4-1.1 shall be subjected6_5.3, to different sam pie preparation procedures specified in

6-5.2 Specimens.

6-5.2.1 A total o f 10 specimens shall be tested.

6-5.3 Sample Preparation.

6-5.3.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m 2 (1 sq yd) of material.

6-5.3.2 Specimens for single-use garments shall be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-5.3.3 Specimens for multiple-use garments shall be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.3.

6-5.4 Procedure.

6-5.4.1 Specimens shall be tested in accor&mce with Secdon 15.3, Diaphragm Bursting Testing, of ASTM D 751, Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics.

6-5.5 Report.

6-5.5.1 The burst s trength of each specimen shall be repor ted to the nearest 7.0 kPa (1 psi). The average burst s trength of all specimens shall be calculated and reported.

6-5.6 Interpretation.

6-5.6.1 The average burst s trength shall be used to determine pass/ fail performance.

6-6 Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test.

6-6.1 Application.

6-6.1.1 This test shall apply to materials used in the construction of garments. If the garment is constructed of several layers, then all layers, ,assembled in the same order in which they appear in die garment, shall be tested ,as a composite.

6-6.1.2 Specimen garments and components that are designated for single use or for multiple use in accordance with 4-1.1 shall be subjected to different sample preparation procedures specified in 6-6.3.

6-6.2 Specimens.

6-6.2.1 Five specimens in each of the warp and filling directions shall be tested from each sample unit.

6-6.3 Sample Preparation.

6-6.3.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m 2 (1 sq yd) of material.

6-6.3.2 Specimens for single-use garments silall be condit ioned .as specified in 6-1.2.

6-6.3.3 Specimens for multiple-use garments shall be condit ioned as specified in 6-1.3.

6-6.4 Procedure.

6-6.4.1 Specimens shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 2582, Standard Test Method for Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting.

6-6.5 Report.

6-6.5.1 The puncture propagation tear resistance of each specimen shall be repdr ted to th~ n/:ar-est 0.05 kg (0.1 Ib) of force. An average puncture 15ropagation tear resistance shall be calculated for warp ~nd filling di(ec~ions.

6-6.6 Interpretation.

6-6.6.1 Pass/fail performance shall be based on the average dPUncture propagation tear resistance in the warp and filling

irections. Failure in any one direction constitutes failure for the material.

6-7 Tear Resistance Test.

6-7.1 Application.

6-7.1.1 This test shall he applied to each layer of materials used in the construction of garments.

6-7.1.2 Specimen garments and components that are designated for single use or for multiple use in accordance with 4-1.1 shall be subjected to different sample preparation procedures specified in 6- 7.3.

6-7.2 Specimens.

6-7.2.1 Five specimens in each of the warp and filling directions shall be t e s t edf rom each sample unit. Specimens shall be 76.2 mm x 159.4 mm (3 in. x 6 in.) rectangles. The long dimension shall be parallel to the warp for warp tests and parallel to the filling for filling tests. No two specimens for warp tests shall contain the same warp yarns, nor shall any two specimens for filling tests contain die same filling yarns. The specimen shall be taken no nearer the selvage than one-tenth of die width of die clothing.

6-7.2.2 An isosceles trapezoid having an altitude of 76.2 mm (3 in.) and bases of 25.4 mm and 101.6 mm (1 in. and 4 in.) in length, respectively, shall be marked on each specimen, with the aid of a template. A cut 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) in length shall then be made in the center of a line perpendicular to the 95.4-mm (1-in.) edge.

6-7.3 Sample Preparation.

6-7.3.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m 2 (1 sq yd) of material.

6-7.3.2 Specimens for single-use garments shall be condit ioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-7.3.3 Specimens for multiple-use garments shall be condit ioned as specified in 6-1.3.

6-7.4 Apparatus.

6-7.4.1 Apparatus shall consist of a straining mechanism, two clamps for holding specimens, and load and elongation recording mechanisms, wherein die specimen is held between two clamps and strained bya uniform movement of the pulling clamp. The test machine shall be operated at a rate of 304.8 ram/ra in (12 in . /min) .

6-7.4.2 Straining mechanisms silall be of such capacity that the maximum load required to break the specimen shall be not greater than 85 percent or less than 15 percent of the manufacturer 's rated capacity.

6-7.4.3 Clamps shall be designed such that the 170 g (6 oz) of weight are distributed evenly across the complete width of tile sample. The clamps shall have two jaws on each clamp. The design of the damps shall be such that one gripping surface or jaw shall be permitted to be an integral part of the rigid frame of the clamp or be fastened to allow a slight vertical movement, while the other gripping surface or jaw shal lbe completely moveable. The

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dimens ions of the immovable jaw of each clamp parallel to the application of the load shall measure 25.4 m m (1 in.), and the d imens ion of the jaw perpendicular to diis direction shall measure 76.2 m m (3 in.) or more. The face o f d t e movable jaw of each clamp shall measure 25.4 m m x 76.2 m m (1 in. x 3 in.). Each jaw face sha l l have a flat, smoo th gr ipping surface. All edges that might cause a cutt ing action shall be r o u n d e d to a radius of not more than 0.4 m m (1 /64 in.). In cases where a cloth tends to slip while being tested, the jaws shall be faced with rubber or o ther material to prevent slippage. Tile distance between the jaws shail be 25.4 m m (1 in.) at the start of the test.

6-7.4.4 Recorder shall consist of calibrated dial, scale, or char t used to indicate applied load and elongation. Error shall no t exceed 2 percent up to and including a 222.5-N (50-1bf) load and 1 percent over a 222.5-N (50-1bf) load at any reading within its loading range~ All mach ine a t tachments for de te rmin ing m a x i m u m loads shail be d isengaged dur ing test,

6-7.5 Procedure.

6-7.5.1 The spec imen shall be c lamped a long the nonparallel sides of the trapezoids so that these sides lie a long die lower edge of die t ipper clamp and the uppe r edge of the lower c lamp with die cut halfway between die clamps. The shor t t rapezoid base shall be held taut, ,and tbe long trapezoid base shall lie in the folds.

6-7.5.2 The strain mecl lanism shall be started and tile force necessary to tear the cloth shall be observed by means of the recording device.

6-7.5.3 f f a spec imen slips between the jaws, breaks in or at die edges of die jaws, or if for any reason attributable to faulty technique, an individual m e a s u r e m e n t falls markedly below the average test results for the sample unit, such result shall be discarded and ano the r spec imen shall be tested.

6-7.6 Report.

6-7.6.1 The tear s t rength of an individual spec imen shall be die average of the five highest peak loads of resistance registered for inches of separat ion of the tear. Tile tear s t rength of each spec imen shall be repor ted to the nearest 0.44 N (0.1 Ib) o f force. An average tear s t rength shall be calculated for warp and filling directions.

6-7.7 Interpretation.

6-7.7.1 Pass/fail per formance shall be based on the average tear s t rength in the warp and filling directions. Failure in any one direction consti tutes failure for the material.

6-8 Seam/Closure Breaking Strength T~t.

6-8.1 Application.

6-8.1.1 This test shall be applied to seams and closure assembly used in die construct ion of garments . Where garments consist of multiple separable layers, the test shall be applied to the seams of each separable layer and closure assemblies.

6-8.1.2 Specimen garments and componen t s that are designated for single use or for multiple use in accordance with 4-1.1 shall be subjected to different sample preparat ion procedures specified in 6-8.3.

6-8.1.5 Modifications to this test m e t h o d for testing seams shall be as specified in 6-8.7.

6-8.1.4 Modifications to this test m e t h o d for testing closure assemblies shall be ,as specified in 6-8.8.

6-8.2 Specimens.

6-8.2.1 A m i n i m u m of five seams and five closure assembly specimens representative of the g a r m e n t shall be tested for each seam and clos-nre assembly type . - -

6-8.2.2 Straight-seam spec imens and closure asserobly spec imens shall be cut f rom condi t ioned samples.

6-8.3 Sample Preparation.

68.3.1 Samples for condi t ioning shall be 1 m 2 (1 sq yd) of material.

6-8.3.2 Samples for single-use gannen t s shall be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.2.

403

6-8.$.$ Samples for multiple-use garments sbail be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.3 and then condi t loned ,as specified in 6-1.2.

6-8.4 Procedure.

6-8.4.1 All seams and closure assemblies shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 1683a, Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Fabric.~. The test mach ine shall be operated at a rate of 304.8 m m / m i n (12 in . /min ) .

6-8.5 Report.

6-8.5.1 The breaking strengtb for each seam or closure assembly spec imen shall be reported. The average breaking s t rength for each seam or closure assembly type shall also be reported.

6-8.6 Interpretation.

6-8.6.1 The average seam breaking s t rength for each seam type shall be used to de te rmine pass/fail performance.

6-8.7 Specific Procedures for Test ing Seams.

6-8.7.1 Specimens for testing shall include at least 101.6 m m (4 in.) of material on either side of the seam.

6-8.8 Specific Procedures for Testing Closure Assemblies.

6-8.8.1 Spec imens for testing shall include at least 101.6 m m (4 in.) of material on either side of the closure.

6-9 Liquid-Tight Integrity Test Two.

6-9.1 Application.

6-9.1.1 This test shall be applied to whole gloves.

6-9.2 Specimens.

6-9.2.1 A m i n i m u m of 32 whole-glove specimens shall be tested.

6-9.3 Sample Preparation.

6-9.3.1 Samples for condi t ioning shall be whole gloves.

6-9.3.2 Specimens shall be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-9.4 Procedure.

6-9.4.1" Liquid-tight integrity sbail be conducted in accordance with ASTM D 5151, Standard Test Method for Detection of Holes in Medical Gloves, with the following modifications:

(a) Water shall be replaced with water treated with a surfactant to achieve a surface tens ion of 35 :!:5 dynes /cm.

6-9.5 Report.

6-9.5.1 The pass/fail result for each spec imen shall be reported.

6-9.6 Interpretation.

6-9.6.1 Passing per formance shall be considered for a set of glove spec imens m e e u n g an Acceptable Quality Limit of 1.5 or bet{er.

6-10 Biopenetration Test Two.

6-10.1 Application.

6-10.1.1 This test shail be applied to whole gloves.

6-10.2 Specimens.

6-10.2.1 A m i n i m u m of five whole-glove spec imens shall be tested.

6-10.3 Sample Preparation.

6-10.3.1 Samples for condi t ioning shall be whole gloves.

6-10.3.2 Specimens shall be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.6.

6-10.4 Procedure.

6-10.4.1 Liquid penetra t ion resistance testing shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM F 1671, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing To Penetration by Blood-Borne Pathogens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a Test S~stem, witi1 the following modifications:

NFPA 1999 ~ A97 R O P

(a) The test shall be performed on whole gloves by inverting the glove specimens and placing them in 500-m1(17 oz) Erlenmeyer flasks containing 25 ml (0.8 oz) of assay fluid. The glove specimens shall extend 14.O cm, +2 cm (5 1/2 in. + 3/4 in.) into the flask and shall be secured by parafilm.

(b) Asufficient volume of the Phi-X174 bacteriophage challenge suspension shall be carefidiy poured into each glove specimen so that all fingers of each glove are completely filled.

(c) After 1 hr incubation on an orbital shaker that is setat 250 rpm, the Phi-X174 bacteriophage challenge suspension shall be removed.

(d) The assay flnid shall be gently swirled inside the flask containing the glove so that die assay fluid contacts all glove surfaces within the flask.

(e) Three 2.5 ml (0.08 oz) aliquots of the assay fluid shall be taken and ,assayed.

6-10.5 Report.

6-10.5.1 The pass/fail result for each specimen shall be reported.

6-10.6 Interpretation.

6-10.6.1 A failure of any specimen constitntes failure of the material.

6-11 Ultimate Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Modulus Test.

6-11.1 Application.

6-11.1.1 This test shall be applied to glove materials.

6-11.2 Specimens.

6-11.2.1 A minimum of ten specimens shall be tested.

6-11.2.2 Specimens shall be taken from the palm and back of individu,al gloves.

6-11.3 Sample Preparation.

6-11.3.1 Sample for conditioning shall be whole gloves.

6-11.3.2 Specimens shall be tested for ultimate tensile strength after conditioning as specified in 6-1.2.

6-11.3.3 Specimens shall be tested for ultimate tensile strength after conditioning as specified in 6-1.8.

6-11.3.4 Specimens shall be tested for modulns at 300 percent elongation after conditioning as specified in 6-1.2.

6-11.4 Procedure.

6-11.4.1 Specimens shall be tested in accordance with Method A - - Dumbbell Specimens, of ASTM D 412, Standard Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Tension.

6-11.5 Report.

6-11.5.1 The ultimate tensile strength before and after heat aging and modulus at 300 percent elongation shall be reported for each specimen to the nearest 138 kPa (20 psi). The average ultimate tensile strength before and after heat aging and modulus at 300 percent elongation shall be reported for all specimens tested.

6-11.6 Interpretation.

6-11.6.1 The average of three test sets for ultimate tensile strength before and after heat aging and the average of three test sets for modulus at 300 percent elongation shall be used to determine pass/ fail performance.

6-12 Ultimate Elongation Test.

6-12.1 Application.

6-12.1.1 This test shall be applied to glove mate.rials.

6-12.2 Specimens.

6-12.2.1 A minimum of 10 specimens shall be tested.

6-12.2.2 Specimens shall be taken from the palm and back of individual gloves.

6-12.3 Sample Preparation.

6-12.3.1 Samples for conditioning shall be whole gloves.

6-12.3.2 Specimens shall be tested after conditioning as specified in 6-1.7.

6-12.3.3 Specimens shall be tested after conditioning as specified in 6-1.8.

6-12.4 Procedure.

6-12.4.1 Specimens shall be tested in accordance with Method A I Dumbbell Specimens, of ASTM D 412, Standard Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Tension.

6-12.5 Report.

6-12.5.1 The ultimate elongation (percentage) shall be reported for each specimen to the nearest 0.1 percent The average ultimate elongation (percentage) shall be reported for all specimens tested.

6-12.6 Interpretation.

6-12.6.1 The average ultimate elongation after heat aging and the average ultimate elongation after isopropanol immersion shall be used to determine pass/fail performance.

6-13 Puncture Resistance Test.

6-13.1 Application.

6-13.1.1 This test shall be applied to glove materials.

6-13.2 Specimens.

6-13.2.1 A minimum of three specimens measuring at least 76.2 mm (3 in.) square shall be tested.

6-13.2.2 Specimens shall be taken from the palm and back of individual gloves.

6-13.3 Sample Preparation.

6-13.3.1 Samples for conditioning shall be whole gloves.

6-13.3.2 Specimens shall be tested after conditioning as specified in 6-1.2.

6-13.4 Procedure.

6-13.4.1 Specimens shall be tested in accordance with ASTM F 1342, Standard Test Method for Radstance of Protective Clothing Maten'als to Puncture.

6-13.5 Report.

6-13.5.1 The puncture force shall be reported for each specimen to the nearest 0.44 N (0.1 Ibf) of force. The average puncture force shall be reported for all specimens tested.

6-13.6 Interpretation.

6-13.6.1 The average puncture force shall be used to determine pass/fail performance.

6-14 Cut Resistance Test.

6-14.1 Application.

6-14.1.1 This test shall be applied to glove materials.

6-14.2 Specimens.

6-14.2.1 A minimum of three specimens measuring 50.8 mm x 101.6 mm (2 in. x 4 in.) shall be cut from the palm and back of conditioned samples.

6-14.2.2 Specimens shall be taken from the palm and back of individual gloves.

6-14.3 Sample Preparation.

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6-14.3.1 Samples f o r condi t ioning shall be whole gloves.

6-14.3.2 Specimens shall be tested ,after condi t ioning as specified in 6-1.2.

6-14.4 Apparatus.

6-14.4.1 The cut resistance test apparatus, as sbown in Figures 6-14.4.1 (a) and 6-14.4.1 (b), shall co nsist of a motor-driven balanced a n n (A) holding the cutt ing edge (B) in contact with tbe spec imen m o u n t e d on a spec imen holder ((3). As the a rm is driven downward, the blade shall move across the spec imen until the force genera ted by weights (D), m o u n t e d on the level ,arm assembly, causes the spec imen to sustain a cut.

20 tan in.

O

0 LEGEND

A - Motor driven balanced arm B - Cutting edge C - Mandrel D - Motor/drive wheel E - Weights

LEGEND

A - Motor driven balanced arm B - Cutting edge C - Mandrel D - Motor/drive wheel E - Weights

Figure 6-14.4.1 (a) Schematic of CPP test equ ipment (side view).

6-14.4.2 The test apparatus shall be powered by a 1 /50 hp ac electric motor. The motor speed shall be adjustable by a power controller. The Cut t h rough shall be electronically recorded as the cutt ing edge makes contact with the sample bolder. The distance traveled shall be recorded on a distance mete r having the capability to record to 1 m m (1 /25 in.).

6-14.4.3 The top base of the mandre l shall be a r ounded form that has an arc of 32 m m (1 1 /4 in.) in a circle having a radius of 38 m m (1 1/2 in.). The top base shall be made of electroconductive material.

6-14.4.4 The cutt ing edge shall have a length of 70 m m (2 3 / 4 in.), with an edge sharpness capable of cutt ing the neoprene calibration material.

6-14.4.5 Data sball be collected and analyzed by a compute r us ing regression analysis.

6-14.5 Procedure.

405

Figure 6-14.4.1(b) Schematic o f CPP test equ ipment (front view).

6-14.5.1 Tbe cutting edge shall be calibrated by using a load of 400 g (0.88 lb) on the neoprene calibration material at the beginning and end of each day that this testing is conducted. The length of the calibration shall be between 18 m m and 38 m m (11/16 in. to 1 1 /2 in.),

6-14.5.2 With no weights on the lever a rm and a used blade m o u n t e d in the blade holder, the posit ion of the counterweights shall be adjusted until the edge of the blade touches the curved surface of the mandre l without exert ing anyvisible force on the mandrel .

6-14.5.2.1 Tile neu t ra lpos i t ion shall be permit ted to be verified with gent le taps on the stanct nex t to the apparatus. Any dis turbance shall cause the counterweights to fall away f rom the mandre l as the level arm pivots.

6-14.5.3 The level a rm shall be calibrated us ing the following technique:

(a) To calibrate the load, an alternate mandre l shall be fitted widl an elecU-onic load cell.

(b) A known weight of less than 1 kg (2.2 lb) shall be placed on the lever a rm and the force shall be recorded as indicated by the load cell. T h i s p r o c e d u r e shall be repeated us ing different weights between 50 g (0.11 Ib) and 1 kg (2.21b). - -

(c) A linear regression analysis sball be pe r fo rmed using the actual known weight values on the x-axis and the force indicated by the load cell on die y-axis in tbe equat ion y = ax + b; wbere y = force x = known weight, a = slope (correction factor), and b = intercept of slope.

N F P A 1999 - - A 9 7 R O P

(d) The coefficient of "x" shall be die correction factor and shall be applied to the actu:d weight to de te rmine the load on the blade.

(e) The rating of the load cell shall no t be exceeded.

6-14.5.4 The test apparatus shall be p lugged into ,an electrical outlet widl the weights or blades in the operat ing position.

6-14.5.5 The test apparatus shall be t u rned on a n d the motor speed shall be adjusted to 5 r p m in the forward position. The apparatus shall be s topped widl the a rm assembly at the top position.

6-14.5.6 The mandre l shall be inserted in file suppor t coh tmn with the rounded side face up and shall be a l igned so tha t the blade contact is cen te red on the r o u n d e d surface. T he mandre l shall t hen be t igh tened in place.

6-14.5.7 The mandre l shall be covered with double-faced tape.

6-14.5.8 The spec imen shall be placed gently over the tape, without s tretching the specimen, with the cut surface up. Firm pressure shall be applied to O~e specimen.

6-14.5.9 The position of the cut t ing arm on top sha l lbe verified.

6-14.5.10 A new blade shall be inserted into die a rm slot and kept straight dur ing the m o u n t i n g procedure while the thumbscrew is t ightened.

6-14.5.11 The lever a rm shall be placed o n t h e a rm rest.

6-14.5.12 The weights shall be selected and installed.

6-14.5.13 The distzmce meter shall be zeroed.

6-14.5.14 The lever a rm assembly shall be lifted and the rest suppor t d ropped to establish blade conutct on the specimen. The test apparatus shall be started immediate ly thereafter.

6-14.5.14.1 If no cut occurs with one 51-ram (2-in.) traverse of the blade, the test apparatus shall be s topped, the weights a n d blade shall be removed, and the cutt ing a rm shall be rested on the support . The spec imen shall then be moved 6.5 m m (1 /4 in.) to a new spot, a new blade shall be installed, the load shall be increased, the d isumce mete r zeroed, and the test restarted as specified in 6- 14.5.14. Test ing shall cont inue with changes in the load until a cut is observed with one traverse of the blade that causes the test apparatus to stop. The distance mete r shall be read and the distance a h a load shall Be recorded if the cut is within dae acceptable range o f 5.1 m m to 51 m m (3 /16 in. to 2 in.). Tes t ing shall cont inue ,as specified in 6- 14.5.14.3.

6-14.5.14.2 I r a cut occurs widl one 51-ram (2-in.) traverse of the blade, the test apparatus shall, stop automatic,ally. T he dis tance . meter shall be read and the distance ,and load shall be recorded if the cut is witifin the acceptable r:,mge of 5.1 m m to 51 m m (3 /16 in. to 2 in.).

6-14.5.14.$ Adjus tment of loads shall be con t inued as needed to collect five data points in the 5.1- to 20.3-mm (3/16- to 13/16-in.) cut length range, five additional data points in the 33- to 51-mm (1 5/16- to 2-in.) cut length range, and ano the r five addit ional points at any loading selection in between those used for the uppe r an-d lower CUt ranges.

6-14.5.15 The collected data base shall be used to calculate the reference load specified as follows"

(a) Recorded load versus distance data shall be plotted on linear graph paper.

(b) The best curve shall be drawn. The curve shall be permi t ted to be drawn using an exponent ia l regression analysis program.

(c) The reference load shall be extracted by ei ther interpolat ing the exdtct load that intercepts the distance axis at 25.4 m m (1 in.), or

t bx by i sing the equa don y = a 10 ; where y = distance, x = load, a = cons tant factor, and b = cons tant factor.

6-14.5.16 The normal ized reference load shall be calculated to validate the consistency of tile cut t ing edge us ing the equat ion

L N L = x 2 5 . 4 h i m ( l i n . )

CB

where NL = normal ized reference load in g (oz ) , L = reference load c~dculated or material, and CB = blade calibration distance in m m (in.) unde r a load of 400 g (0.88 Ib), which is the average distance to

cut darough the calibration material before and after the test of specimens.

6-14.6 Report.

6-14.6.1 The reference load at 25.4 m m (1 in.) and the normalized reference load shall be repor ted for each material tested.

6-14.7 Interpretation.

6-14.7.1 Pass / f a i lpe r fo rmance shall be based on dae reference load at 25.4 m m (1 " m )

6-15 Dexterity Test.

6-15.1 Application.

6-15.1.1 This test shall be applied to gloves.

6-15.2 Specimens.

6-15.2.1 A m i n i m u m of three glove pairs each for size small and for size large shall be used for testing.

6-15.2.2 Each glove pair shall be tested as a complete set of gloves in new, as distributed, condit ion.

6-15.3 Sample Preparation.

6-15.3.1 Samples for condi t ioning shall be whole-glove pairs.

6-15.3.2 Glove pair spec imens shall be precondi t ioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-15.3.3 Glove pair spec imens shall no t receive special sof tening t rea tments prtor to tests.

6-15.4 Procedure.

6-15.4.1 Dexterity shall be evaluated us ing the s tandardized procedure known as the Crawford Small Parts Dexterity Test, Screws Technique .

6-15.4.2 Test subjects shall be selected so that their hand d imens ions are as close as possible to those specified in accordance witi~ manufac tu r ing sizing guidelines.

6-15.4.3 Each test subject used to per form the test shall practice until the baseline t imes of that pe(son ' s last three repeti t ions vary no more than 6 percen~

6-15.4.4 Each test subject shall be tested with a m i n i m u m of three pairs of gloves. A m i n t m u m of six dexterity tests with gloves shall be conducted, with at least three dexterity tests widl size small gloves and three dexterity test with size large gloves.

6-15.4.5 Dexterity test t imes with gloves shall be compared with baseline dexterity test t imes for specific test subjects. The percentage of dexterity test t imes with gloves to baseline dexterity test t imes shall be calculated as follows:

Percent of Dexterity test time (with gloves ) x 100 barehanded control = Dexterity test time (baseline)

6-15.5 Report.

6-15.5.1 The percen t of ba r ehanded control shall be repor ted for each glove palr spec imen and test subject tested.

6-15.6 Interpretation.

6-15...6 1 One..or more glove pair spec imens failing this test shall consutu te failing performance.

6-16 Protein Content Test.

6-16.1 Application.

6-16.1.1 This test shall be applied to glove materials.

6-16.2 Specimens.

6-16.2.1 Specimens, measur ing at least 25 m m (1.0 in.) square, shall be taken fr-om a m i n i m u m of three different gloves for eaEh glove type. A m i n i m u m of three spec imens per glove shall be tested.

6-16.3 Sample Preparation.

6-16.3.1 Samples for condi t ioning shall be whole gloves an d shall be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.2.-

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NFPA 1 9 9 9 - A97 ROP

6-16.3.2 Specimens shall be taken from condi t ioned samples.

6-16.4 Procedure.

6-16.4.1 Specimens shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 5712, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Proteln in Natural Rubber and Its Products.

6-16.5 Report.

6-16.5.1 The protein level of each specimen shall be reported to the 10 jag per gram of glove material. The average protein level shall be calculated for all specimens.

6.16.6 Interpretation.

6-16.6.1 Pass/fail performance shall be based on the average repor ted protein level for each glove type.

6-17 Visual Acuity Test.

6-17.1 Application.

6.17.1.1 This test me thod shall apply to flmse face protection devices that cover the wearer's eyes.

6-17.2 Specimens.

6-17.2.1 A minimum of three specimens shall be tested. Specimens shall be complete face protec t i tn devices.

6-17.2.2 Specimens shall be selected to fit each test subject in accordance with manufacturer 's sizing guidelines.

6-17.3 Sample Preparation.

6-17.3.1 Samples for conditioning shall be complete face protection devices.

6-17.3.2 Samples shall be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-17.4 Procedure.

6-17.4.1 Testingshall be conducted using a minimum of three different test subjects. The test subjects shall have a minimum visual acuity of 20/20 in each eye uncorrected, or corrected with contact lenses, as de te rmined by a visual acuity test or doctor 's examination.

6-17.4.2 Prior to evaluation for visual acuity, die face protection device shall be inspected for functionality and ability to be donned and adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer 's instructions.

• 4 - - - - - - 100 .0 .----- .-~D

,i ° ~ . 0

8 m i c #ant

6-17.4.3 To evaluate visual acuity, the face protection device shall be donned and adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer 's instructions.

6-17.4.4 The test shall be conducted using a standard ft. l-m (20-ft) eye chart with a normal lighting range of I00 to 150 foot-candies at the chart and with test subjects positioned at a distance of 6.1 m (20 ft) from the chart.

6-17.4.5 Test subjects shall then read the standard eye chart through the face protection device and the subjects' visual acuity shall be determined.

6-17.5 Report.

6-17.5.1 The visual acuity of each test subject through the face protection device shall be reported.

6-17.6 Interpretation.

6-17.6.1 Failure of any one test subject to achieve the required visual acuity while wearing the face protective device shall constitute failure of tesL

6-18 Liquid-Tight Integrity Test Three.

6-18.1 Application.

6-18.1.1 This test shall apply to a face protection device in its entirety.

6-18.2 Specimens.

6-18.2.1 A minimum of three face protection devices in their entireties shall be tested.

6-18.3 Sample Preparation.

6-18.$.1 Samples for conditioning shall be face protection devices in their entireties.

6-183.2 Samples shall be condi t ioned as specified in 6-1.2.

6-18.4 Apparatus.

6-18.4.1 The test apparatus shall consist of a head form, liquid- absorptive hood, andspray nozzle system.

6-18.4.1.1 A nonmetallic head form shall conform to the dimensions in Figure 6-18.4.1.1.

2 2 0 . 0

1

i ~ 14,0.6 ~.-

76.2

63.5

C o n t o u r l | reflrenat plane

j ~

198.

Figure 6-18.4.1.1 Nonmetallic head form.

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6-18.4.1.2 The liquid-absorptive h o o d shall be an item of protective material configured to cover dlose port ions of die head form tha t are covered by die face protect ion device being tested and act as an aid to observe water penetrat ion. The liquid-absorptive hood sball be of a size to conform to the bead form specified in 6-18.4.1.1. The liquid-absorptive hood shall be const ructed of a material that is easily watermarked.

6-18.4.1.3 The spray nozzle system shall consist of one or more spray nozzles, a posi t ioning st~md, and a liquid delivery system. The system shall be conf igured so tha t the spray nozzles are posi t ioned widl respect to die head form as sbown in Figure 6-18.4.1.3.

Head form / Face protection

~ ~ 18 in.

(

to head form

Side view

device

Figure 6-18.4.1.3 Test setup.

6-18.4.1.4 The spray nozzle(s) shall conform to the specifications in Figure 6-18.4.1.4 (shown on page 409).

6-18.4.1.5 The liquid delivery system shall deliver a m i n i m u m of 3 L / m i n (0.84 gpm) d l rough each nozzle.

6-18.4.1.6" The v~ater used for testin~ shall contain a non foaming surfacmnt that lowers die surface t ensmn of die liquid to less fllan 35 +-5 dynes /cm.

6-18.5 Procedure.

6-18.5.1 The liquid-absorptive hood and head form shall be inspected for dryness prior to testing.

6-18.5.2 The liquid-absorptive h o o d sh,-'dl be d o n n e d on die head form and die face protectwe device placed over die liquid-absorptive hood on the head form. T he face protective device shall be adjusted in accordance with manufacturer ' s - instruct ions.

6-18.5.3 Any exposed areas of the liquid-absorptive h o o d shall be blocked offwith duct tape or o ther suitable material. Blockage of liquid-absorptive hood areas shall be permi t ted to ex tend no more than 10 m m (1 /8 in.) inside die border or edge of the face protect ion device.

6-18.5.4 The surfactant-treated water shall be sprayed at the face protect ion device for a durat ion of 2 seconds in each of the head form orientat ions specified in Figure 6-18.5.4.

Head form "-.i0~:......

30 °

30*

Figure 6-18.5.4 Spray nozzle orientation.

6-18.5.5 Liquid penetra t ion shall be de t e rmined by removing the face protective device and examin ing those areas of the liquid- absorptive hood that were u n d e r n e a t h the face protective device dur ing testing.

6-18.6 Report.

6-18.6.1 Tbe locations of any liquid leakage detected on the liquid- absorptive g a r m e n t sball be described.

6-18.7 Interpretation.

6-18.7.1 Any evidence of liquid on the liquid-absorptive hood, as de t e rmined by visual inspection, tactile inspection, or absorbent toweling, shall consti tute failure of the specimen.

Chapter 7 Referenced Publications

7-1 The following document s or port ions thereof are referenced within this s tandard and shall be considered part of the requi rements of this document . The edition indicated for each reference is the cur ren t edit ion as of tile date of tile NFPA issuance of this document .

7-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch P,'u'k, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, 1992 edition.

NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program, 1995 edition.

7-1.2 Othe r Publications.

7-1.2.1 ANSI /AATCC Publications. Amer ican Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.

ANSI/AATCC 70, Test Method for Water Repellency: Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption Test.

ANSI/AATCC 135, Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics, 1989.

7-1.2.2 ASTM Publications. American Society for Test ing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consbohocken , PA 19428- 2959.

ASTM D 412, Standard Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Tension, 1992.

ASTM D 573, Standard Test Method for Rubber-Deterioration in an Air Oven, 1988.

ASTM D 751, Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics, 1989.

ASTM D 1683a, Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Fabrics, 1990.

A,STM D 2582, Standard Test Method for Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheetin~ 1993.

A,STM D 4157, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method), 1992.

ASTM D 5151, Standard Test Method for Detection of Holes in Medical Gloves, 1992.

ASTM D 5712, Standard Test Method for AnaOsis of Protein in Natural Rubber and Its Products, 1995.

ASTM F 392, Standard Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials, 1993.

ASTM F 1342, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to Puncture 1991.

ASTM F 1359, Standard Practice for Determining Liquid-Tight lntegn 0 of Ctwmical Protoctive Suits or Ensembles under Static Conditions, 1991.

A,STM F 1671, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing To Penetration by Blood-Borne Pathogens Using Phi- X174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a Test System, 1996.

408

N F P A 1999 - - A 9 7 R O P

5~IA. (B RASS)

~ ~ ~.031 DIA. HOLE THRU .834 D I A . ~ [ / ) ~ - ~ . ~ ' , , ~ / 10 PLACES EQ., SPACED ~ ON A .359 DIA. B.C.

~ 1 . 45 DIA.

GASKETS

BRAS~

I STAINLESS STEEL

Figure 6-18.4.1.4 Spray nozzle.

409

NFPA 1 9 9 9 - A97 ROP

7-1.2.3 GSA Publication. General Services Administration, Specifications Activity, Printed Materials Supply Division, Building 197, Naval WeaponsPlant, Washington, DC 20407.

Federal Test Method Standard 191A, Textile Test Methods, "90July 1978.

7-1.2.4 Psycholofflcal Corporation Publication. Psycholol~ical Corporation, 555"Academic Court, San Antonio, TX 7820"4.

Crawford Small Parts Dexteri~ Test, 1981.

7-1.2.5 U.S. Government Publications. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 880 (21 CFR 880), "Medical Devices; Patient Examination Glove; Revocation of Exemptions from the Premarket Notification Procedures and die Current Good Manufacturing Practice Regulations; Final Rule," 13Janua~ 1989.

Appendix A

This Appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but it is included for informational purposes on~.

A-I-I.1 Use of emergency medical protective clothing is addressed in NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program. Particularly relevant sections are:

(a) 2-3 Training and Education;

(b) 2-6 Exposures;

(c) 4-2 Personal Protective Equipment;

(d) 5-1 Skin Washing;

(e) 5-2 Disinfectants;

(f) 5-3 Emergency Medical Equipment; and

(g) 5-4 Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment.

A-l-l.2 Organizations responsible for fire-fighting operations, for chemical response fimctions, and other hazard protection, including radiological, cryogenic, or hazardous chemical, should use protective clothing and equipment specifically designed for those activities. Criteria for protection from hazardous chemicals are provided in the following standards:

(a) NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies:

(b) NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies; and

(c) NFPA 1993, .Standard on Support Fu~wtion Protective Clothing for Hazardous Chemical Operations.

A-I-I.3 Biological agents can also be transmitted via aerosols.

A-l-I.4 This standard does not address cleaning gloves or structural fire-fighting gloves. NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department lnfection Control Program, distinguishes the two types of gloves as follows:

Cleaning Gloves. Multipurpose, multiple use gloves that provide limited protection from abrasion, cuts, snags, and punctures during cleaning and that are designed to provide a barrier against body fluids, cleaning fluids, and disinfectants.

StructuralFire-Fighting Gloves. Gloves meeting the requirements of NFPA 1973, Standard on Gloves for Structural Fire #~ghting.

(NOTE: Since NFPA 1581 was published in 1995, NFPA 1973 has been replaced by NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Clothing for Str~wtural~'reFighting, which now contains the structural fire-fighting glove requirements.)

NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program, requires that structural fire-fighting gloves be worn in any situation where sharp or rough surfaces or a potentially high-heat exposure is likely to be encountered, such as in patient 6xtrication. NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Clothing for Structural Fire Fightin~ provides minimum design and perforn~ance requirements for certification of these gloves.

NFPA 1581 requires that deaning gloves be reusable, heavy duty, mid-forearm length, and designedto provide limited protection from abrasions, cuts, snags, and punctures, and that they provide a barrier against body fluids, cleaning fluids, and disinfectants. NFPA 1581 also specifies that cleaning gloves are to be worn during cleaning or disinfecting of clothing or equipment potentially contaminated during emergency medical operations.

A-1-2.3 Purchasers should specify desired features that are not in conflict with the design requirements of this standard. It is recommended that purchasers of emergency medical garments should consider the following:

(a) Personnel could be wearing many items of protective clothing and equipment. Any interference by one item of another item's use might result in inefficient operations or unsafe situations.

(b) Different breathing apparatus, communicat ions systems, cooling devices, and other protective equipment might not be accommodated by the emergency medical garments equally.

(c) Specifications of additional reinforcement in high-wear or load- bearing areas such as the knees, elbows, shoulders, and back might be necessary. Reinforcing materials should be the same as the garment material. Purchasers are cautioned that additional weight caused by excessive reinforcement could lead to fatigue or injury.

A-I-3 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, procedures, equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installations, procedures, equipment, or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority may require evidence of proper installation, procedure, or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organization concerned with product evaluations that is in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items.

A-l-5 Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "authority having jurisdiction" is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be d~e authority having urisdiction. In many circumsmxJces, the property owner or his or er designated agent assumes the role of the authority having

jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction.

A-l-3 Listed. The me,'ms for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned wida product evaluation, some of which do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.

A-l-3 Single-Use Element. What constitutes a "use" will be defined by the product manufacturer. A single use could include unpackaglng, donning, wearing, or contact with bodyfluids. In the absence of any manufacturer's specific information, one "use" should be considered any wearing of the element involving contact with body fluids, or identification during post-wear inspection of any retirement/disposal conditions present in the element. Inspection of any element should be conducted in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and should assess the overall condition and suitability of an element for a specified use,

A-2-1.6 The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) from time to time has received complaints that certain items of fire and emergencyservices protective clothing or protective equipment might be carrying labels falsely ideutifying diem as compliant with an NFPA standard. The requirement for placing dae certification organization's mark on or next to the product label is to help ensure than the purchaser can readily determine compliance of tile respective product through independent third-party certification.

NFPA advises those purchasing emergency medical protective clothing to be aware of the following:

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N F P A 1999 ~ A 9 7 R O P

For emergency medical protective clothing elements to meet the requirements of NVPA 1999, Standard on Protective Clothing for Emergency Medical Operations, they must be certified by an independen t third-party certification organization. In addition, the item must carry the label, ~mboL or otlwr identifying mark of that certification organization.

An emergency medical protective clothing element that does not bear the mark of an independent third-party certification

organization is NOT COMPLIANT with NFPA 1999, even if the product label states that the element is compliant!

For further information about certification and product labeling, Chapters 2 and 3 of NFPA 1999 should be referenced. Also, the definitions for "certification/certified," "labeled," and "listed" in Section 1-3 should be reviewed.

Third-party certification is an important means of ensuring the quality, of fire and emergency, services protective, clothing and eqmpment . To be certain dtat an item is properly certified, labeled, and listed, the NFPA recommends that prospective purchasers require appropriate evidence of certification for the specific product and model from the manufacturer before purchasing. Prospective purchasers should also coniact the certification organizations and request copies of the certification organization's "list" of certified products to the appropriate NFPA st~mdard. Tlfis "listing" is a requirement of third-party certification by dais standard mad is a service performed by die certification organization.

All NFPA standards on fire and emergency services protective clothing and equipment require that the item be certified by an independen t third-pa~y certification organization and, as with NFPA 1999 emergency medical protective clodfing elements, all items of fire and emergency services protective clothing and equipment must carry the label, symbol, or other identifying mark of thatcert if ication organization.

Any item of protective clothing or protective equipment, covered by an NFPA standard, that does not bear the mark of an independent

third-party certification organization is NOT COMPLIANT with the appropriate NFPA standard, even if the product label states that the

hem is compliant!

A-2-2.1 Tile certification org:mization should have sufficient breadth of interest and activity so that the loss or award of a specific business contract would not be a determining factor in the financial well- being of the agency.

A-2-2.3 Tile contractoal provisions covering a certification program should contain clanses advising the manufacturer that if requirements change, the product should be brought into compliance with the new requirements by a stated effective date through a compliance review program involving all currently listed products.

Without the clauses, certifiers would no t be able to move quickly to protect their name, marks, or reputation. A product safety certification program would be deficient without these contractual provisions and the administrative means to back them up.

A-2,2.4 Investigative procedures are important elements of an effective and meaningful product safety certification program. A preliminary review should be carried out on products submitted to the agency before any major testing is undertaken.

A-2-2.7 Such inspections should include, in most instances, witnessing of production tests. With certain prodt~cts, the certification organization inspectors should select samples from the production line and submit them to the main laboratory for countercheck testing. With other products, it might be desirable to purchase samples in d~e open market for test purposes.

A-2-2.9 For filrther information and guidance on recall programs, see Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 7, Subpart C (21 CFR 7, Subpart C).

A-3-1.3.1 Purcha.sers should use the technical data package to compare garment perlbrmanee data in purchasing emergency medical garments. The purehmser should determine the relative ranking of performance data to aid this selection process.

A-3-2.1 It is preferred dlat every compliant emergency medical glove be labeled individually. This might not be practical for single-use emergency medical gloves.

A-3-2.3.1 Purchasers should use the technical data package to compare glove performance data in purchasing emergency medical gloves. The purchaser should determine the relative ranking of performance data to aid dais selection process.

A-3-3.1 It is preferred dmt every compliant emergency medical face protection device be labeled individually. This might not be practical for single-use emergency medical face protection devices and it is not required that sucb single-use devices be labeled individually.

A-3-5.3.1 Purchasers should use the technical data package to compare face protection device performance cktta in purchasing emergency medical face protection devices. The purchaser should determine the relative ranking of performance data to aid this selection process.

A-4-1.3 Tile requirement in 4-1.3 is to assure that an entire garment will provide biopenetrat ion protection for the wearer. In the past, certain parts of a garment, such as the front, or the sleeves from

• wrist to elbows but not above the elbow, were permit ted but the

~ urchaser /wearer might not have been aware that the iopenetration protection was partial.

A-4-1.4 The requirement in 4-1.4 is not intended to preclude the garment des igner /manufacturer from attaching the barrier layer to other garment materials via hemming and binding means, in an emergency medical garment.

It is in tended that the barrier layer be comprised of a single, nonseparable laminate or coated material. It is in tended not to allow more than one garment material layer to be designated as and tested as the barrier layer.

Tile requirement in 4-1.4 is also in tended to permit evaluation of the barrier layer's biopenetration resistance.

A-4-1.5 The design requirement prevents fittings being used in the construction of garments thar could potentially snag or tear protective materials.

A-4-2.1 NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department ln f '~on Control Program, requires single-use emergency medical gloves in emergency medical operations.

A-4-2.4 Tile requirement in 4-2.4 for registration provides further responder benefit to emergency medical personnel. Tile requirement that emergency medical gloves be registered as Class 1 medical devices should not be construed as in interpretation of U.S. FDA requirements in 21 CFR 880. While FDA registration is not a certification of the product, it is a process by which the manufacturer must provide substantiation for any and all claims made regarding the performance of the product (e.g., viral barrier performance, material biocompatibility, levels of quality assurance, and sterility) in product packaging and marketing literature. The FDA either affirms or denies these claims, ff claims are affirmed, the manufacturer is permit ted to market their product in the United States. Therefore, the requirement helps to ensure that the fire service and emergency medical personnel are provided with accurate information about the products they purchase.

A-4-2.6 Tile design requirement prevents any glove hardware that could potentially snag or tear protective materials from being used in the construction of the glove.

A-4-$.$ The design requirement prevents hardware that could potentially snag or tear protective materials from being used on face protective devices.

A-5-1 The performance requirements for emergency medical garments are explained in the following.

(a) OveraULiquid-tightlntegri~. (5-1.1). This performance requirement entails testing of the complete garment in a "shower" test that is designed to assess how well garment materials, seams, and closures and interfaces resist penetrat ion from liquid splashes. The test is not intended to simulate exposure from liquid splashes. This requirement is similar to that required in NFPA 1993, Standard on Support Function Protective Clothing for Hazardous Chemical Operations. Non-full body clothing such as coveralls, aprons, and sleeve protectors could be tested using the procedure in Section 6-3.

(b) Biopenetration Resistance (5-1.2). Tiffs test is in tended to determine how well garment materials prevent penetrat ion of biological agents (liquid-borne pathogens). The resistance of

411

N F P A 1999 ~ A 9 7 R O P

protective materials to penetrat ion by hlood-borne pathogens is determined using a modified form ofASTM F 903,, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to Penetration by Liquids. Procedure C from/LSTM F 903, was chosen as the most appropriate because of its high degree of correlation to human factor evaluations as shown by McCullongh and Schoenberger, "Liquid Barrier Properties of Nine SurgicM Gown Fabrics," INDA Journal of Nonwovens Research, Vol. 3, No. 3,, Summer 1991. The protective materials are challenged with a Phi-X-174 Bacteriophage suspension for 5 rain at a tmospheric pressure, 1 rain at 2.0 psi, and 54 min at atmospheric pressure, or until liquid penetration. Then the reverse side of the test material is rinsed and assayed for the Phi- X-174. The Phi-X-174 bacteriophage best approximates Hepatitis C virus but also simulates Hepatitis B virns ,and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Itwas chosen as the most appropriate blood-borne pathogen model because of its size, spherical morphology, environmental stability, nonhuman infectivity, high ,assay sensitivity, rapid growth, and high titer (available in large concentrations).

Testing prior to degradation by other plwsical, chemical, and thermal, stress dmt. could ne.'gautively impact the performance, of the protectwe barrier could lead to a false sense of security. Odler effects might be shelf life, laundering, and sterilization. Prewetting by such things ,as alcohol, and contamination by such things as perspiration can also affect barrier performance of the material. The authority having jurisdiction should consider these effects when comparing materials.

(c) Tensile Stremgth (5-1.3). This requirement was designed to ensure materials provide adequate strength when pulled or ' stretched.

(d) Burst Strength (5-1.4). This requirement was designed to simulate material bursting from protruding objects within fl~e emergency medical garment.

(e) Pnncture Propagation Tear Resistance (5-1.5). This requirement is designed to simulate material snagging and subsequent tearing from sharp objects, such as walking past a protruding rail.

(f) Tear Resistance (5-1.6). This requirement is designed to simulate how the material tears when pulled apart.

(g) Seam Strength (5-1.7). This requirement is based on documentat ion of adequate strength from field performance data.

(h) Closure Strength (5-1.8). Garment closure assemblies are required to meet the same minimum tensile strength requirements as garment seams.

A-5-2 The performance requirements for emergency medical gloves are explained in the following.

(a) Liquid-tight Integrity (5-2.1). This requirement assesses the overall integrity of the gloves in a procedure developed by ASTM in which water is poured into a glove, with the glove checked for leakage after 2 rain.

(b) Biopenctration Resistance (5-2.2). This requirement is analogous to the biopenetrat ion resistance test described in #_-5-1(b). The test is conducted differently in dmt entire gloves are evaluated as opposed to material specimens. Gloves are turned inside out and placed in a flask. The "new" inside surface of theglove is filled with media containing the Phi-X-i 74 bacteriophage. The "new" outside surface of the glove is rinsed and ,assayed for bacteriophage penetrat ion after 1 hr contact with the bacteriophage. The analysis of the ,assay media is evaluated in the same manner as is done for garment material specimens.

(c) Ultimate Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Modulus (5-2.5, 5-2.4). This requirement is designed to simulate the failure mode of gloves that occurs from pulling the glove onto the hand with die glove's subsequent breaking and tearing.

(d) Puncture Resistance (5-2.5). This requirement is designated to simulate the puncture of gloves by sharp (nail-like) objects. It is not designed to simulate needle pricks or similar medical ins t rument punctures.

(e) Cut Resistance (5-2.6). This requirement evaluates the glove's resistance to a minimum cutting force to simulate sharp environmental objects but not needle pricks or cuts by other sharp medical instruments.

(f) Dexterity (5-2.7). The overall glove performance is assessed through a standard glove dexterity test in which test subject's ability to manipulate fine objects is determined. Test subject performance is compared with and without gloves.

(g) Protein Content (5-2.8). See A-5-2.8, below.

A-5-2.8 This test method is in tended to address protein levels in natural rubber emergency medical gloves. These gloves are known to cause allergic reactions in some persons, which can be debilitating for some emergency medical personnel. At fl~e time this requirement was developed, there was no known level of protein content in emergency medical gloves that was considered to be unsafe. Neither the glove industry nor the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have set specific levels of glove protein content for labeling purposes. However, in recognition of this problem, the glove industry has endeavored to leach gloves or reduce glove port ion content to relatively low levels by other means. Compliance with dais requirement in 5-2.8 does not ensure, guarantee, or imply that allergic reactions from wearing emergency medical gloves will not occur.

A-5-3 The performance requirements for emergency medical face protection devices are explained in the following.

(a) 16sual Acuity (5-3.1). This requirement ensures face protective devices provide clear and undistorted vision through the visor or lenspor t ions of the device. Although similar, this requirement is not die same as flint established in ANSI Z87.1 for protective visors.

(b) Liquid-tight Integrity (5-3.2). This requirement is analogous to the test performed on emergency medical garments described in A- 5-1 (a). Liquid-tight integrity is assessed on a standard mannequin head form.

(c) Biopenetration Resistance (5-3. 3). This requirement is analogous to the requirement for emergency medical garments descr ibedin A- 5d (b).

A-6-2.4.1 A 0.1 weight percent ofSurtbnyl 104H (available from Air Products and Chemical, Inc., Performance Chemicals, Box 538, Allentown, PA 18105) wid~ water is reported to provide a surface tension of 33.8 dynes /cm.

A-6-2.5.1 A heavy, flat metal plate with two upright threaded posts, a large slotted metal bar, and heavy-duty metal bolts is a preferred means for mount ing tl~e mannequin in the spray chamber to prevent any effects of the mannequin mount ing of the garment specimen.

A-6-2.6.1 The authority having jurisdiction can request a diagnosis of the mechanism of failure.

A-6-9.4.1 A 0.1 wt. percent solution of Surfynol 104H (available from Air Products and Chemical, Inc., Performmace Chemicals, Box 53,8, Allentown, PA 18105) with water gives a surface tension of 33,.8 dynes/cm.

A-6-18.4.1.6 A 0.1 wt. percent solution of Surfynol 104H (available from Air Products and Chemical, Inc., Performance Chemicals, Box 538, Allentown, PA 18105) with water gives a surface tension of 3,3.8 dynes/cm.

Appendix B Referenced Publications

B-1 Tile following documents or portions thereof are referenced widtin this standard for informational purposes only and thus are not considered part of the requirements of this document . The edition indicated for each reference is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this documenL

B-I.I NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, I Batterymarch Park, PO Box 9101, Quincy, MA 0~)269-9101.

NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program, 1995 edition.

NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Clothing for Structural Fire Fighting, 1991 edition.

NFPA 1973, Standard on Gloves for Structural Fire Fighting, 1993 edition.

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NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies, 1994 editi on.

NFPA 1992, Standard on LiqTzid Splush-Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies, 1994 edition.

NFPA 1993, Standard on Support Function Protective Clothing for Hazardous Cl~mical Operations, 1994 edition.

B-1.2 Other Publications.

B-1.2.1 ANSI Publication. American Nadonal Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.

ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, 1989.

13-1.2.2 ASTM Publication. American Society for Testingand Materials, 100 Ban" Harbor Drive, West Consbohocken,PA 19428- 2959.

ASTM F 903, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to P~metration I7 Liquids, 1995.

B-1.2.3 U.S. Government Publications. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 7, Subpart C (21 CFR 7), "Enforcement Policy," 1 April 1995.

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 880 (21 CFR 880), "Medical Devices; Patient Examination Glove; Revocation of Exemptions from the Premarket Notification Procedures and the Current Good Manufacturing Practice Regulations; Final Rule," 13 January 1989.

B-1.2.4 Additional Publication McCullough and Schoenberger, "Liquid Barrier Properties of Nine

Surgical Gown Fabrics," 1NDAJournal of Nonwovens Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, Summer 1991.

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