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MoonLITE and LunarEX. Rob Gowen and Alan Smith Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL PI Penetrator consortium. A department of University College London Established in 1967 >200 sounding rockets and >35 satellite missions 150 Staff and research students - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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space for science, enterprise and environment
MoonLITE and LunarEX
Rob Gowen and Alan SmithMullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL
PI Penetrator consortium
space for science, enterprise and environment
Mullard Space Science Laboratory
• A department of University College London• Established in 1967• >200 sounding rockets and >35 satellite missions• 150 Staff and research students• Provided hardware or calibration facilities for 16
instruments on 14 spacecraft currently operating including NASA Swift, Cassini, Soho
• In-house mechanical and electrical engineering design, manufacture and test
• Provided stereo cameras for Beagle-2• Leading PanCam development for EXOMARS Hinode
Launch22-9-06
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• Birkbeck College London– Lunar Science (Ian Crawford)
• Open University– Large academic planetary group
(Cassini Huygens Probe)– Science and instrumentation
(Ion trap spectrometer, etc)• Imperial College London
– Micro-Seismometers• Surrey Space Science Centre
and SSTL– Platform technologies, delivery system technologies– Payload technologies (drill)
Consortium
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Consortium
• Southampton University– Optical fibres
• University of Leicester– XRS (beagle2/Mars96)
• Aberystwyth– Science (Chandrayaan-1)
• QinetiQ– Impact technologies – Platform &
delivery systems technologies
• Astrium (in discussion)– Platform &
delivery systems technologies
space for science, enterprise and environment
What are Penetrators ?
• Instrumented projectiles• Survive high speed impact ~ 300 m/s• Penetrate surface ~ few metres• An alternative to soft landing• Lower cost and low mass => multi-site deployment
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Penetrator Heritage
• Lunar-A – tested but not yet flown• DS-2 – tested but failed at Mars• Mars-96 – lower speed impact,
tested but failed to leave Earth Orbit• Innumerable ground trials of
instrumented shells• Validated impact modelling tools
Courtesy QinetiQ
When asked to describe the condition of a probe that had impacted 2m of concrete at 300m/s a UK expert described the device as ‘a bit scratched’!
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Penetrator Design Concept
PENETRATOR
DETACHABLE PROPULSION STAGE
PAYLOAD
INSTRUMENTS
Payload•IMPACT ACCELEROMETER
•SEISMOMETERS/TILTMETER
•WATER/VOLATILES (ISRU DETECTION)
•GEOCHEMISTRY
•HEAT FLOW
•DESCENT CAMERA
ESTIMATED PENETRATOR SIZE
•LENGTH: ~50cm
•DIAMETER: ~15cm
•MASS: ~10-13Kg
POINT OF SEPARATION
Platform•S/C SUPPORT
•AOCS
•STRUCTURE
•POWER/THERMAL
•COMMS
•CONTROL & DATA
HANDLING
DESCENT MODULE
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MoonLITE/LunarEX - Mission Description• Delivery and Communications Spacecraft
(Orbiter).Deliver penetrators to ejection orbit, provide pre-ejection health status, and relay communications.
• Orbiter Payload: 4 Descent Probes (each containing 10-15 kg penetrator + 20-25 kg de-orbit and attitude control).
• Landing sites: Globally spaced Far side, Polar region(s), One near an Apollo landing site for calibration.
• Duration: >1 year for seismic network. Other science does not require so long (perhaps a few Lunar cycles for heat flow and volatiles much less).
• Penetrator Design: Single Body for simplicity and risk avoidAnce. Battery powered with comprehensive power saving techniques.
space for science, enterprise and environment
MoonLITE/LunarEX – Mission Sequence
• Launch & cruise phase• Deployment
– Deploy descent probes from lunar orbit, using a de-orbit motor to achieve near vertical impact.
– Attitude control to achieve orientation of penetrator to be aligned with velocity vector.
– Penetration ~3 metres
– Camera to be used during descent to characterize landing site
– Telemetry transmission during descent for health status
– Impact accelerometer (to determine penetration depth & regolith mechanical properties)
• Landed Phase– Telemeter final descent images and accelerometer data
– Perform and telemeter science for ~1year.
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MoonLITE/LunarEX – Mission Sequence
• Launch & cruise phase• Deployment & descent• Landed phase
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MoonLITE – Science
The Origin and Evolution of Planetary Bodies
NASA Lunar Prospector
Water and its profound implications for life andexploration
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Science – Polar VolatilesA suite of instruments will detect and characterise volatiles (including water) within shaded craters at both poles• Astrobiologically important
– possibly remnant of the orginal seeding of planets by comets
– May provide evidence of important cosmic-ray mediated organic synsthesis
• Vital to the future manned exploration of
the Moon
NASA Lunar Prospector
Prototype,
ruggedized ion trap
mass-spectrometer
Open University
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Science - SeismologyA global network of seismometers will tell us:
– Size and physical state of the Lunar Core– Structure of the Lunar Mantle– Thickness of the far side crust– The origin of the enigmatic shallow moon-
quakes– The seismic environment at potential
manned landing sites
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Science - GeochemistryX-ray spectroscopy at multiple, diverse sites will address:
– Lunar Geophysical diversity– Ground truth for remote sensing
XRS on Beagle-2
Leicester University
K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Zr
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Science – Heat Flow
Heat flow measurements will be made at diverse sites, telling us:
– Information about thecomposition and thermal evolution of planetary interiors
– Whether the Th concentration in the PKT is a surface or mantle phenomina
NASA Lunar Prospector
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• Core– Seismology– Water and volatile detection– Accelerometer
• Desirable– Heat Flow– Geochemistry/XRF– Descent camera– Mineralogy– Radiation Monitor
Payload
Ion trap spectrometer
(200g, 10-100amu)
(Open University)
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Key Technologies
• Batteries – Availability (Lunar-A)
• Communications – A trailing antenna would require development
• Structure material (Steel or Titanium, carbon composite under consideration)
• Sample acquisition • Thermal control (RHUs probably needed for polar
penetrators)
• AOCS (attitude control and de-orbit motor)
• Spacecraft attachment and ejection mechanism
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Penetrator Development Programme
Phase 1: Modelling (until Jan 2008)– Key trade studies (Power, Descent,
Structure material, Data flow, Thermal)– Interface & System definition– Penetrator structure modelling– Procurement strategy
Phase 2: Trials (until Jan 2010) – Payload element robustness proofing– Penetrator structure trials– Payload selection and definition– Baseline accommodation
Phase 3: EM (until Jan 2012)– Design and Qualification
Phase 4: FM (until Jan 2013)– Flight build and non-destructive testing
Generic
Mission
Specific
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Current activitiesGeneric penetrator development
– Funded (>£600k) under MSSL rolling grant– Started in earnest in April 07– Full-scale trials March 2008
National Programme– MoonLITE
• Research Council commissioned a mission study by SSTL (delivered in Late 2006)
• Proposed as national mission under current ‘Comprehensive Spending Review’. Indications expected in October/December 2007
– NASA/BNSC bi-lateral study
ESA Cosmic Visions Programme– LunarEX (backed by industrial studies)– Jupiter-Europa– Titan-Enceladus
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Conclusions
Penetrator website:http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/planetary/missions/Micro_Penetrators.php
MoonLITE - A focused mission with clear objectives based on a strong technology background
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MoonLITE / LunarEX – UK
• Scientifically focussed • Precursor to future
penetrator programmes• High public interest• Impetus to industry• Affordable
Rationale
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Examples of hi-gee electronic systems
Designed and tested :– Communication systems
• 36 GHz antenna, receiver and electronic fuze tested to 45 kgee
– Dataloggers
• 8 channel, 1 MHz sampling rate tested to 60 kgee
– MEMS devices (accelerometers, gyros)
• Tested to 50 kgee
– MMIC devices
• Tested to 20 kgee
– TRL 6
MMIC chip tested to 20 kgee
Communication system and electronic fuze tested to 45 kgee