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RoadTrafficAccidents:ASILENTDISASTER
FatmaLestariSharingUI-IndonesiaX– KursusDisasterManagement
Jumat,5Mei2017FocusGroupDiscussion
Outline• LatarBelakang• StaNsNkKecelakaanLaluLintas• RegulasiterkaitKeselamatanJalan• FaktorRisiko• FGDgunamencarisolusi
LATARBELAKANG
• KecelakaanMautGadog• KecelakaanOjekOnline
LatarBelakang
• VideoKecelakaanJalanRayaGadoghRps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmYebMbUkZQ
• VideoKecelakaanOjekOnline– hRps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EygVrWVkoiY
– hRps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpcBRSLDXsE
StaNsNkKecelakaanLaluLintas
• StaNsNkKecelakaanLaluLintasdiDunia• PenyebabKemaNanPadaGenerasiMuda• KecelakaanLaluLintasdiIndonesia
StaNsNkKecelakaanLaluLintasdiDunia
• Lebihdari1.2jutaorangmeninggalakibatkecelakaandijalanraya
• Kerugianekonomiakibatkecelakaanlalulintas–5%dariGDP
• Indonesiamendudukiperingkatke3jumlahkecelakaan-total38.279kemaNan(2015)
• DiIndonesiakerugianakibatkecelakaandiperkirakanmencapai2,9-3,1%dariTotalPendapatanDomesNkBrutoIndonesia
Sumber:WHO.GlobalStatusReportonRoadSafety.2015
PenyebabkemaNanpadaGenerasiMuda
BackgroundRoad traffic injuries are a leading cause of preventable death
Over 1.2 million people die each year on the world’s roads, with millions more sustaining serious injuries and living with long-term adverse health consequences. Globally, road traffic crashes are a leading cause of death among young people, and the main cause of death among those aged 15–29 years (see Figure 1).
Road traffic injuries are currently estimated to be the ninth leading cause of death across all age groups globally, and are predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death by 2030 (1). This rise is driven by the escalating death toll on roads in low- and middle-income countries – particularly in emerging economies where urbanization and motorization accompany rapid economic growth. In many of these countries, necessary
Source: (1).
250 000
300 000
200 000
150 000
50 000
100 000Num
ber o
f dea
ths
0
FIGURE 1Top ten causes of death among people aged 15–29 years, 2012
Road
traffi
c inj
uries
Suici
de
HIV/
AIDS
Hom
icide
350 000
Mat
erna
l con
ditio
ns
Lowe
r res
pira
tory
in
fecti
ons
Diar
rhoe
al di
seas
es
Drow
ning
Ischa
emic
hear
t di
seas
e
Men
ingit
is
infrastructural developments, policy changes and levels of enforcement have not kept pace with vehicle use. In contrast, many high-income countries have managed to break the link between rising motorization and road traffic deaths, with some managing to dramatically reduce such deaths. These achievements are the result of making infrastructure safer, improving the safety of vehicles, and implementing a number of other interventions known to be effective at reducing road traffic injuries (2). Having good quality data to monitor the impact of these efforts is also critical to demonstrating their success.
In addition to deaths on the roads, up to 50 million people incur non-fatal injuries each year as a result of road traffic crashes, while there are additional indirect health consequences that are associated with this growing epidemic (3). As vehicle ownership grows, many countries face
Road traffic injuries are the
number one cause of death among
those aged 15–29.
GLOB
AL S
TATU
S RE
PORT
ON
ROAD
SAF
ETY,
2015
x
Sumber:WHO.GlobalStatusReportonRoadSafety.2015
RaNoangkakemaNanper100,000penduduk
Sumber:WHO.GlobalStatusReportonRoadSafety.2015
25
30
20
15
5
FIGURE 6Road traffic fatality rates per 100 000 population, by WHO region
10
Road
traffi
c fat
ality
rate
per
100 0
00 po
pulat
ion
Afric
an Re
gion
26.6
0
Euro
pean
9.3
Wor
ld
17.4
Wes
tern
Pacifi
c Reg
ion
17.3
Sout
h-ea
st As
ian Re
gion
17.0
Regio
n of t
he Am
erica
s
15.9Ea
stern
Med
iterra
nean
Regio
n
19.9
The risk of a road traffic death varies significantly by region, and there has been little change in the regional rates of death since 2010. The highest rates are still in the African Region, while the European Region has a rate far below the global average (9.3 per 100 000 population, relative to the global rate of 17.4, see Figure 6).
However, there continues to be a large disparity in rates within particular regions. For example, rates in some of the high-income countries in the Western Pacific Region (such as Australia) are among the lowest in the world, while some of the region’s middle-income countries have rates high above the global average at 24 per 100 000. Similarly, while high-income countries generally have lower rates than low- and middle-income countries, high-income countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
have a higher rate than those of their less-affluent neighbours in the region (22.4 compared to 19.7) and more than double the average rate of high-income countries globally (9.2). This suggests that in some of the more affluent Eastern Mediterranean countries, rapid economic development that has resulted in increased motorization and road infrastructure construction has not been accompanied by sufficient investment in institutional capacity, nor in the interventions needed to cope with these changes and ensure that roads are safe. Section 2 of this report examines the extent to which interventions on key risk factors are adopted in different regions, while Section 3 considers the adoption of vehicle standards and infrastructure audits, all of which play an important role in determining overall road traffic fatality rates.
The Eastern Mediterranean
Region is the only region where high-
income countries have a higher
road traffic death rate than low- or
middle-income countries.
The risk of a road traffic death is highest in the African Region
GLOB
AL S
TATU
S RE
PORT
ON
ROAD
SAF
ETY,
2015
6Indonesia:15.3
Hampir50%kemaNandijalanrayamerupakanpenggunasepedamotor,sepeda&pejalankaki
KecelakaanLaluLintasdiIndonesia
Sumber:BadanPusatStaNsNkIndonesia,2015
• Padatahun2012korbanmeninggalduniamencapai31.195jiwa• Tahun2015– meninggaldunia38.279jiwa• Rata-ratakorbanmeninggal5tahunterakhir:27.000jiwaatau3orang/jam
RoadTrafficAccidents:ASILENTDISASTER
KecelakaanLaluLintasdiIndonesia
• Pengendararoda2,bisdanpejalankakiadalahkorbankemaNanterbesar• AngkakemaNankecelakaanlalulintasmenunjukkanTrendmeningkat
• Undang-Undang• PeraturanPemerintah• InstruksiPresiden• PeraturanMenteriPekerjaanUmum/PUPR• PeraturanMenteriPerhubungan• Instruksi/SuratEdaranDirekturJenderalBinaMarga
RegulasiterkaitKeselamatanJalan
RegulasiterkaitKeselamatanJalan
Undang-Undang• UU38tahun2004tentangJalan• UU22Tahun2009tentangLaluLintas&AngkutanJalanPeraturanPemerintah• PP43Tahun2013tentangPerubahanKeduaAtasPP15
Tahun2005• PP34Tahun2006tentangJalan• PP32Tahun2011tentangManajemen&Rekayasa,Analisis
Dampak,sertaManajemenKebutuhanLaluLintas• PP79Tahun2013tentangJaringanLaluLintas&Angkutan
Jalan
RegulasiterkaitKeselamatanJalan
InstruksiPresiden• InstruksiPresidenNo4Tahun2013tentangProgram
DekadeAksiKeselamatanJalan• RencanaUmumNasionalKeselamatanJalan(RUNK)tahun
2011
PeraturanMenteriPekerjaanUmum/PUPR• PeraturanMenteriPUNo11/PRT/M/2010tentangTataCara
&PersyaratanLaikFungsiJalan• PeraturanMenteriPUNo19/PRT/M/2011tentang
PersyaratanTeknisJalan&KriteriaPerencanaanTeknisJalan• PeraturanMenteriPUNo13/PRT/2011tentangTataCara
Pemeliharaan&PenilikanJalan
RegulasiterkaitKeselamatanJalan
PeraturanMenteriPerhubungan• PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM13Tahun2014tentang
RambuLaluLintas• PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM34Tahun2014tentang
MarkaJalan• PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM26Tahun2015tentang
StandarKeselamatanLaluLintasdanAngkutanJalan• PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM75tahun2015tentang
PenyelenggaraanAnalisisDampakLaluLintas• PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM96Tahun2015tentang
PedomanPelaksanaanKegiatanManajemendanRekayasaLaluLintas
• PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM120Tahun2015tentangPetunjukTeknisPenggunaanDanaAlokasiKhususSubBidangKeselamatanTransportasiDaratdanSubBidangTransportasiPerkotaan
RegulasiterkaitKeselamatanJalan
Instruksi/SuratEdaranDirekturJenderalBinaMarga• InstruksiDirekturJenderalBinaMargaNomor02/IN/Db/
2012tentangPanduanTeknisRekayasaKeselamatanJalan,Buku1(Biru)RekayasaKeselamatanJalan
• InstruksiDirekturJenderalBinaMargaNomor02/IN/Db/2012tentangPanduanTeknisRekayasaKeselamatanJalan,Buku2(Hijau)ManajemenHazardSisiJalan
• InstruksiDirekturJenderalBinaMargaNomor02/IN/Db/2012tentangPanduanTeknisRekayasaKeselamatanJalan,Buku3(Merah)KeselamatandiLokasiPekerjaanJalan
FaktorRisiko
• KondisiJalanRaya• Kendaraan• Pengemudi• FaktorPenganggu• PengaruhAlkohol&Obat• Penggunajalanrayalainnya
KondisiJalanRayaFaktorRisiko• Jalananlicin• Berliku• Rusak,berlubang• Perbaikanjalan• Jalanterhambat• Menanjak• Kurangpenerangan• Rambu-rambu• Tikungan• Belokan
MiIgasi• Perbaikanjalan&maintenance
reguler• Rambu&markajalanjelas• Penerangandiperbaiki
Kendaraan
FaktorRisiko• Kondisikendaraankurang
baik(Ban,spion,mesin,oli,Remgagal)
• Maintenancekurangbaik
MiIgasi• Inspeksireguler• Maintenancereguler• Perencanaanperjalanan• Training&Instruksikhusus
pengemudi
Shenetal.,2014;EuropeanAgencyforSafety&Health,2010.
PengemudiFaktorRisiko
• PerilakumengemudiNdakselamat/berisiko(ugal-ugalan)
• Stress&bebankerja• Kondisikesehatan&mental• KelelahanvsBugar• Dibawahpengaruhalkohol&obat• Melebihibataskecepatanà
pelanggaranyangterbanyakterjadipadagenerasimuda
MiIgasi• Traininguntukpengemudi• Pembatasankecepatan• Perencanaanperjalanandengan
memasukkanperNmbangancuaca&kondisijalan
• Menghindarijadwalyangterlaluketat
• WaktuisNrahat(seNap2jam)• MemperketatperolehanSIM
FaktorPengganggulainnyaFaktorRisiko• MenggunakanHP• MengerjakanakNvitaslainnya
sambilmengemudi• Muatanlebih• Hilangkendali• Terguling
MiIgasi• KampanyeRoadSafety• Fokuspadamengemudi• Muatansesuaikapasitas
Penggunajalanrayalainnya
• KeterNbanpenggunajalanrayalainnya• Kebut-kebutan• VideoKecelakaanPuncakCilotoCianjurJawaBarat30April2017
hRps://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kecelakaan+cipanas+30+April+2017
Pengguna%Jalan%Lainnya%
Sumber Gambar: Goole image
LainUlain%
Faktor%Risiko%
FocusGroupDiscussion(FGD)
• Solusiyangdapatdiberikanuntukmenurunkanangka&dampakkecelakaan
• Solusiuntukmeningkatkankapasitasmasyarakat
Solusiyangdapatdiberikanuntukmenurunkanangka&dampakkecelakaan
• KampanyePenggunaanHelm• KampanyePenggunaanSeatbelt• KampanyeBatasKecepatan• Kepatuhanterhadapperaturanlalulintas
• Penerapanchildrestraints– menurunkanangkakemaNananakhingga35%
Solusiyangdapatdiberikanuntukmenurunkanangka&dampakkecelakaan
Solusiuntukmeningkatkankapasitasmasyarakat
• PelaNhanFirstAidbagiorangawam• PelaNhanEmergencyResponder• SosialisasiNomordarurat(119,112,118)• PendirianPublicSafetyCentreuntuksemuakabupaten• Pemimpinperusahaan/insNtusimemberikankampanyeroad
safety&pelaNhanfirstaidbagikaryawan,guru,siswa&mahasiswa
Referensi• FatmaLestari.RoadAccidents.SharingdiPertaminaMakassar.
2014.• BadanPusatStaNsNk.2017.Website:hRps://www.bps.go.id/
linkTableDinamis/view/id/1134• WHO.GlobalStatusReportonRoadSafety.2015.Website:hRp://
www.who.int/violence_injury_prevenNon/road_safety_status/2015/GSRRS2015_Summary_EN_final.pdf
• Areviewofaccidents&injuriestoroadtransportdrivers.EuropeanAgencyforSafety&HealthatWork.2010.
• Taxidrivers’safetyandhealth:AEuropeanreviewofgoodpracNceguidelines.2010.EuropeanAgencyforSafetyandHealthatWork(EU-OSHA).
• Youth&RoadSafety.WHO.Website:hRp://www.who.int/features/facsiles/youth_roadsafety/youth_roadsafety_facts/en/index9.html