ROAD TO REVOLUTIONTAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR COST ENGLAND LOTS OF MONEYTHOUGHT THE COLONIST SHOULD HELP PAYTAXATION WAS THE WAY TO RAISE MONEY1763 GEORGE GREENVILLE BECAME PRIME MINISTERPASSED LAWS ALLOWING PEOPLE TO BE TRIED IN MILITARY COURTSNO JURYALSO PASSED WRITS OF ASSISTANCE LAWSALLOWED CUSTOMS OFFICERS TO SEARCH FOR SMUGGLED GOODS

THE SUGAR ACT• PASSED IN 1764• LOWERED THE TAX ON IMPORTED MOLASSES• MEANT TO STOP SMUGGLING• COULD SEIZE GOODS WITHOUT GOING TO COURT• JAMES OTIS ARGUED AGAINST THE NEW TAXES• NO PART OF ENGLAND CAN BE TAXED WITHOUT

THEIR CONSENT• EVERY PART OF ENGLAND HAS A RIGHT TO

REPRESENTATION• MILITARY COURTS WERE AGAINST THE ENGLISH

BILL OF RIGHTS

BRITISH TROOPS• MOSTLY POOR UNEDUCATED• WERE RUDE TO THE COLONIST• SOME STOLE FROM LOCAL SHOPS• SCUFFLED WITH LOCAL BOYS• COMPETED FOR JOBS IN THEIR OFF HOURS• TOWNSPEOPLE HATED THEM MORE EVERY

DAY

THE STAMP ACT

• 1765 PARLIAMENT PASSES THE STAMP ACT• TAX ON ALL PRINTED MATERIALS• AFFECTED ALMOST EVERYONE• TWO POINTS OF OPPOSITION WERE• 1-PARLIAMENT INTERFERED IN COLONIAL

AFFAIRS• 2-PARLIAMENT IGNORED THE COLONIAL

TRADITION OF SELF GOVERNMENT

PROTESTING THE STAMP ACT

• THE VIRGINIA ASSEMBLY PASSED PATRICK HENRY’S FORMAL RESOLUTION

• DECLARED THAT ONLY VIRGINIA COULD TAX ITS CITIZENS

• SAM ADAMS,OF BOSTON,STARTED THE SONS OF LIBERTY

• TOOK TO THE STREETS IN PROTEST• THEY BURNED EFFIGIES OF TAX COLLECTORS• RAIDED AND DESTROYED OFFICIALS HOMES• MARCHED THROUGH THE STREETS IN PROTEST

THE STAMP ACT CONGRESS• OCTOBER 1765 DELEGATES FROM 9 STATES

MEET IN NEW YORK• DRAFTED A PETITION TO THE KING AND

PARLIAMENT• STATED ONLY THE STATES ASSEMBLIES COULD

LEVY TAXES• URGED MERCHANTS TO BOYCOTT BRITISH

GOODS• PEOPLE SIGNED NON-IMPORTATION

AGREEMENTS

• PLEDGED NOT TO BUY BRITISH• BRITISH MERCHANTS LOST MONEY• MERCHANTS BEGGED PARLIAMENT TO REPEAL

THE STAMP ACT• IN MARCH 1766 PARLIAMENT REPEALS THE

TAX• DAMAGED THE COLONIST TRUST IN THE

BRITISH GOVERNMENT

THE DECLARATORY ACT• PASSED THE SAME DAY THE STAMP ACT WAS

REPEALED• PARLIAMENT HAS THE RIGHT TO TAX AND

MAKE DECISIONS FOR ALL BRITISH COLONIES• IN ALL CASES

THE TOWNSHEND ACT• PASSED BY PARLIAMENT IN 1767• TAXES APPLIED ONLY TO IMPORTED GOODS.

WHY?• TO HIDE THE TAX FROM THE COLONIST • TAXED ITEMS LIKE GLASS,TEA,PAPER AND

LEAD• THESE ITEMS COULD NOT BE PRODUCED IN

THE COLONIES• COLONIST RESPOND BY BRINGING BACK THE

BOYCOTTS

DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY• WOMEN TOOK AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THE

BOYCOTT• ORGANIZED GROUPS TO SUPPORT THE

BOYCOTT• URGED AMERICANS TO PRODUCE THEIR OWN

GOODS

TROUBLE IN BOSTON• 1768 (SPRING) JOHN HANCOCKS SHIP THE

LIBERTY IS SIEZED• SHIP WAS USED FOR SMUGGLING• ANGERED BOSTON CITIZENS• BRITISH OFFICIALS IN BOSTON GOT NERVOUS• ASKED BRITAIN FOR HELP• ENGLAND SENDS TWO REGIMENTS OF TROOPS• TROOPS SET UP CAMP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE

CITY• BRITISH TROOPS ARE NOW OCCUPYING A CITY

THE BOSTON MASSACRE• MARCH 5, 177O• TENSION IS HIGH BETWEEN THE PEOPLE OF

BOSTON AND THE BRITISH SOLDIERS• A FIGHT BREAKS OUT BETWEEN YOUNG

TOWNSPEOPLE AND SOLDIERS• AN ANGRY CROWD MOVES THROUGH THE

STREETS• THEY HEADED TOWARD THE CUSTOMSHOUSE• THE SENTRY CALLED FOR HELP• NOW THERE IS A STAND-OFF

• THE SENTRY WAS JOINED BY 6 OTHER SOLDIERS AND AN OFFICER

• THE SOLDIERS WERE BEING PELTED BY SNOWBALLS AND OTHER OBJECTS

• ONE WAS STRUCK BY A CLUB AND ONE OF THE SOLDIERS FIRED

• SEVERAL SHOTS RANG OUT • FIVE COLONIST LAY DEAD OR DYING• CRISPUS ATTUCKS WAS AMONG THEM• HALF AFRICAN AND HALF INDIAN• SAID TO BE THE 1ST MAN TO DIE IN THE AMERICAN

REVOLUTION• PAUL REVERE ENGRAVES A DRAWING OF THE

EVENT

TRIAL OF SOLDIERS

• THE SOLDIERS INVOLVED IN THE BOSTON MASSACRE ARE ARRESTED AND TRIED FOR MURDER

• JOHN ADAMS IS THEIR LAWYER• ALL BUT TWO OF THE SOLDIERS ARE FOUND

NOT GUILTY• TWO ARE FOUND GUILTY OF MANSLAUGHTER• ARE BRANDED ON THE HAND AND RELEASED

PROPAGANDA SPREADS• COLONIAL LEADERS USE THE MASSACRE AS A

WAY TO SPREAD THEIR ANGER• SAMUEL ADAMS DESCRIBES THE EVENT AS A

SLAUGHTER OF AMERICANS BY THE BRITISH• PARLIAMENT REPEALS THE TOWNSHEND ACT

EXCEPT ON TEA• 1772 SAMUEL ADAMS REVIVED THE

COMMITTEE OF CORRESPONDENCE• COMMITTEE WAS USED TO KEEP COLONIES

INFORMED

THE CRISIS OVER TEA• IN THE EARLY 1770’S AMERICANS THOUGHT

ENGLAND WAS CONSPIRING AGAINST LIBERTY• 1773 PARLIAMENT PASSED THE TEA ACT• GAVE FAVORABLE TERMS TO THE BRITISH EAST INDIA

COMPANY• COMPANY DID NOT HAVE TO PAY TAXES ON TEA

BROUGHT TO THE COLONIES• COULD SELL DIRECTLY TO SHOPKEEPERS• GAVE COMPANY A MONOPOLY ON THE TEA MARKET

• SAM ADAMS ARGUED THIS WAS AN ATTEMPT TO CRUSH LIBERTY

• DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY SAID WE WILL PART WITH OUR TEA BEFORE OUR LIBERTY

• EAST INDIA COMPANY SHIPPED TEA TO BOSTON,PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK AND CHARLES TOWN

• NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA TURNED THE SHIPS AWAY

• CHARLES TOWN SEIZED THE TEA AND WAREHOUSED IT

• BOSTON IS SET FOR A SHOWDOWN

THE BOSTON TEA PARTY• LATE 1773 THREE SHIPS LOADED WITH TEA

ARRIVE IN BOSTON• ROYAL GOVERNOR ORDERED THE SHIPS INTO

PORT AND TO BE UNLOADED• SAM ADAMS AND THE SONS OF LIBERTY

ACTED SWIFTLY • ON DECEMBER 16 THEY DUMPED 342 CHEST

OF TEA INTO THE HARBOR• THESE PEOPLE BECAME HEROS IN THE

COLONIES

THE INTOLERABLE ACTS• KING GEORGE III VOWED TO PUNISH BOSTON• HE SAID OF THE COLONIES “WE MUST

MASTER THEM OR LEAVE THEM ALONE”• SPRING OF 1774 PARLIAMENT PASSED THE

COERCIVE ACTS• CLOSED THE PORT OF BOSTON TO IMPORTS

OR EXPORTS• PEOPLE MUST PAY FOR THE TEA• NO TOWN MEETINGS• MUST SHELTER SOLDIERS IN THEIR HOMES

• ROYAL OFFICERS TRIED IN BRITAIN • COLONIST SAID THESE ACTS VIOLATED THEIR

RIGHTS AS ENGLISH CITIZENS• QUEBEC ACT PASSED BY PARLIAMENT GAVE

QUEBEC THE LAND WEST OF APPALACHIAN MTS, AND NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER

• ALSO GAVE FRENCH CATHOLICS FREEDOM OF RELIGION

• ANGERED COLONIST • CALLED THESE ACTS INTOLERABLE ACTS

A CALL TO ACTION• COLONIST REALIZED THEY MUST ACT TOGETHER• IN SEPTEMBER 1774, 55 MEN FROM ALL COLONIES

EXCEPT GEORGIA MEET IN PHILADELPHIA• CREATE A POLITICAL BODY TO REPRESENT THE

COLONIAL INTEREST• CALLED THIS ORGANIZATION THE CONTINENTAL

CONGRESS• MAJOR LEADERS FROM THE COLONIES ARE THERE• MASSACHUSETTS SENT SAM ADAMS AND JOHN

ADAMS• NEW YORK SENT JOHN JAY

• VIRGINIA SENDS RICHARD HENRY LEE AND PATRICK HENRY

• HENRY SUMS UP THE MEETING BY SAYING• “THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN

VIRGINIANS,NEW YORKERS, PENNSYLVANIANS AND NEW ENGLANDERS ARE NO MORE…… I AM NOT A VIRGINIAN, BUT AN AMERICAN

WHAT THE CONGRESS DID• ASK PARLIAMENT TO REPEAL THE 13 TAX LAWS PASSED

SINCE 1763• SAID LAWS VIOLATEDTHE COLONIST RIGHTS• BOYCOTT ALL ENGLISH GOODS• NO ENGLISH GOODS COULD BE BROUGHT INTO OR

CONSUMED IN THE COLONIES• NO COLONIAL GOODS COULD BE SHIPPED TO BRITAIN• CALLED ON COLONIES TO FORM MILITIAS AND PREPARE

TO FIGHT THE BRITISH• DELEGATES SHOULD MEET AGAIN THE FOLLOWING MAY

PREPARING FOR WAR• COLONIST IN MASSACHUSETTS STARTED FORMING

AND TRAINING MILITIAS• MADE BULLETS AND STOCKPILED WEAPONS• SOME WERE KNOWN AS MINUTEMEN• ENGLAND IS ALSO PREPARING• KING GEORGE III TOLD PARLIAMENT THE COLONIES

ARE IN A STATE OF REBELLION• HE ALSO SAID”BLOWS MUST DECIDE” WHO WOULD

CONTROL AMERICA• GENERAL GAGE IN BOSTON WAS ORDERED TO TAKE

AWAY COLONIAL WEAPONS

• SENT A PETITION TO KING GEORGE III• CALLED THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION• ASSURED THE KING OF THE COLONIST WISH FOR

PEACE• KING WOULD NOT EVEN ACCEPT IT• KING GEORGE REPLIED BY HIRING 30,000

GERMAN TROOPS TO SEND TO AMERICA• ESTABLISHED COMMITTEES TO COMMUNICATE

WITH NATIVES AND OTHER COUNTRIES• ESTABLISHED A POSTAL SYSTEM FRANKLIN IN

CHARGE

THE FIRST BATTLESLEXINGTON AND CONCORD

• GAGE SENT 700 TROOPS TO CONCORD TO CAPTURE WEAPONS THERE

• APRIL 18,1775, DR.JOSEPH WARREN ROAMED THE STREETS OF BOSTON

• SAW BRITISH ARMY FORMING IN THE GREEN• TOLD PAUL REVERE AND WILLIAM DAWES • THEY RODE TO LEXINGTON TO WARN JOHN

HANCOCK AND SAM ADAMS • ADAMS SAID WHAT A GLORIOUS MORNING THIS IS

FIRST SHOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

• REDCOATS APPROACHED LEXINGTON SQUARE• DAWN APRIL 19,1775• CAPTAIN JOHN PARKER AND 70 MINUTEMEN

WAITED• BRITISH SHOUTED “THROW DOWN YOUR ARMS,YE

VILLIANS,YE REBELS”• PARKER SAID “IF IT’S WAR THEY WANT, THEN LET IT

START HERE”• SOMEONE FIRED A SHOT• EIGHT MINUTEMEN LAY DEAD

• BRITISH CONTINUE ON TO CONCORD• WEAPONS HAD BEEN MOVED• DESTROYED WHAT SUPPLIES WERE LEFT• MINUTEMEN WERE WAITING AT NORTH

BRIDGE• COLONIST LINED THE ROAD FROM CONCORD

TO BOSTON• BRITISH LOST 174 WOUNDED AND 73 DEAD• RALPH WALDO EMERSON LATER WROTE• AMERICANS AT LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

HAD FIRED THE SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD

FORT TICONDEROGA

• BENEDICT ARNOLD FROM CONNECTICUT JOINED ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

• WANTED THE CANNONS AND OTHER WEAPONS

• MAY 10, 1775, THE BRITISH SURRENDER

THE CALL GOES OUT• THE COMMITTEE OF CORRESPONDENCE SENT

OUT CALLS FOR CITIZENS TO JOIN MILITIAS• THE MILTIA SOON HAD 20,000 AROUND

BOSTON• NO LEADER THERE YET

BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL• JUNE 16, 1775 1,200 MILITIAMEN COMMANDED

BY COLONEL WILLIAM PRESCOTT• SET UP FORTIFICATIONS ON BUNKER HILL AND

BREED’S HILL• ORDER WAS DON’T FIRE UNTIL YOU SEE THE

WHITES OF THEIR EYES• BRITISH CHARGE HILL THREE TIMES • TAKE OVER 1,000 CASUALTIES• MILITIA FINALLY RUN OUT OF AMMUNITION

AND RETREAT

COLONIST MUST CHOOSE SIDES

• SOME REMAINED LOYAL TO THE KING AND ENGLAND

• THEY WERE CALLED LOYALIST• PEOPLE WHO SIDED WITH THE COLONIST IN

THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE• THESE PEOPLE WERE CALLED PATRIOTS

THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS• MET MAY 10,1775, IN PHILADELPHIA• JOHN ADAMS,SAM ADAMS, PATRICK HENRY,

RICHARD HENRY LEE, GEORGE WASHINGTON, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, THOMAS JEFFERSON WERE DELEGATES

• JOHN HANCOCK CHOSEN PRESIDENT OF THE CONGRESS

• BEGAN TO GOVERN THE COLONIES• CREATED THE CONTINENTAL ARMY• CHOSE GEORGE WASHINGTON AS

COMMANDER