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ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN(2007-2027)
MINISTRY OF WORKS & HUMAN SETTLEMENTROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
MAY 2006
4
5
MINISTERIntroduction
The Road Sector Master Plan (RSMP) is a 20-year programme (2007-2027) that includes road network expansion, road realignment,tunneling, roads for inter-dzongkhag connectivity and the second East-West highway. The RSMP is intended to be an initial screening ofpotential road projects at a level of detail that is appropriate tostrategic planning. Detailed feasibility studies would be required infuture to demonstrate economic viability and to determine exactalignments before individual projects can be implemented. Althoughnot explicitly highlighted in the RSMP, options are open for constructionof ropeways in any of the dzongkhags depending on its feasibility.Gasa is one of the dzongkhags where ropeways might be feasible.
The RSMP, which is proposed for implementation starting the 10th FiveYear Plan, was prepared in close consultation with the 20 dzongkhags.To the extent possible, lengths of the feeder roads were verified throughdesk-top studies using topographic maps of 1:50,000 scale to ensurethat the road lengths reflected in the RSMP are accurate. Wherefeasible, care was also exercised to ensure that feeder roads proposedin the RSMP did not conflict with the farm/power tiller roadsprogramme of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA). Where conflict withfarm/power tiller road programmes of MoA was anticipated, feederroads were dropped from the RSMP to avoid duplication of efforts.
About 132 new feeder roads with a total length of 2,654.4 km estimatedat over Nu.13, 800 million have been prioritized for the master planperiod from 2007 to 2027, which would benefit a total of 20,893households excluding indirect beneficiary households.
The abstracts of feeder roads and priority ranking are shown in Annex-1 and Annex-3. Dzongkhag-wise feeder roads with correspondingpriority rankings are shown in Annex-2. About 794 km of roads, whichform a part of the proposed second East-West highway are shown inAnnex-4. About 537 km of national highways proposed for providinginterconnectivity among the Dzongkhags are shown in Annex-5. Majorroad realignments and tunnels proposed for shortening travel distancesto save travel time and vehicle operating costs are shown in Annex-6 and Annex-7.
6
The RSMP does not reflect the roads that are either under constructionor are proposed for construction during the 9th Plan on the assumptionthat such roads would automatically spillover to the 10th Plan if theirconstructions are not completed in the 9th Plan.
Priority ranking of feeder roads
Four priority rankings of A, B, C, D and cost per household (cphh)were used as the basis to rank feeder roads included in the RSMPsince cphh was the most reasonable indicator of cost-effectivenessof a road. Cphh of an individual feeder road was computed bydividing the estimated cost of the road by the number of directhousehold beneficiaries served by the road. A unit cost of Nu. 5.21million per km, derived from the ongoing World Bank-assisted RuralAccess Project, was adopted for computing the costs of feeder roads.Although a particular road would benefit additional households withinits influence area, indirect household beneficiaries were not takeninto account for simplicity. The ranges of cphh used in determiningthe priority ranking of feeder roads is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Criteria adopted for Priority Ranking of Feeder Roadsin RSMP
Priority Ranking Range of cphh (Nu.) millionA < 0.5B 0.6 –0.9C 1.0 – 1.5D > 1.5
Cphh range of less than 0.5 million for priority ranking A was basedon the assumption that improved accessibility would accelerateeconomic activities of the beneficiary households and enhance cashincomes of up to Nu.0.5 million per annum towards the end of roadlife, which is estimated at 15-20 years. Roads for which priority rankingbased on cphh could not be determined because of non-availabilityof information on beneficiary households, was assigned a priorityranking D.
MINISTER
7
Out of the 2,654.4 km of feeder roads proposed in the RSMP,prioritization exercise has resulted in the rankings shown below:
Priority A - 515.8 kmPriority B - 978.8 kmPriority C - 595.5 kmPriority D - 564.3 km
Explanatory remarks
The cphh used in the RSMP is just one option available for determiningranking of a road based on cost-effectiveness and therefore shouldnot be considered as the only basis of prioritization. Otherconsiderations (social, economic, political and security) might dictatechanges in the priority rankings of feeder roads. The priority rankingssuggested in the RSMP is provided for guidance of planners undernormal planning circumstances. Even designation of roads suggestedin the RSMP such as national highway, district road and feeder roadetc. might need to be changed appropriately in future to match rapidsocio-economic development and expansion of road network in thecountry. If need arises, roads can be re-designated from feeder roadto district road or as national highway. Similarly, a national highwayor a district road could be re-designated as a feeder road. The RSMP,therefore, should be considered as a dynamic document, which couldbe updated from time to time, to keep pace with the socio-economicdevelopment of the country.
Zhabtog Lyonpo Thimphu, May, 2006
MINISTER
8
9
ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN (2007-2027)ABSTRACT OF FEEDER ROADS
SL. DZONGKHAG LENGTH COST TOTAL %NO (KM) (Nu.) HH SERVED ROAD
MILLION (DIRECT) LENGTH
1 BUMTHANG 23.5 122.435 229 0.89
2 CHHUKHA 143.5 747.635 952 5.41
3 DAGANA 137.5 716.375 1084 5.18
4 GASA 19.0 98.990 11 0.72
5 HAA 141.5 737.215 173 5.33
6 LHUENTSE 128.5 669.485 1181 4.84
7 MONGAR 211.5 1101.915 2298 7.97
8 PARO 41.0 213.610 235 1.54
9 PEMAGATSHEL 140.0 729.400 1657 5.27
10 PUNAKHA 68.8 358.448 740 2.59
11 SAMTSE 174.3 908.103 1761 6.57
12 SAMDRUPJONGKHAR 179.5 935.195 1011 6.76
13 SARPANG 106.0 552.260 870 3.99
14 THIMPHU 115.0 599.150 132 4.33
15 TRASHIGANG 326.5 1701.065 3864 12.30
16 TRASHIYANGTSE 116.0 604.360 1435 4.37
17 TRONGSA 131.0 682.510 504 4.94
18 TSIRANG 100.5 523.605 697 3.79
19 WANGDUEPHODRANG 163.8 853.398 1109 6.17
20 ZHEMGANG 187.0 974.270 950 7.04
Total 2654.4 13829.424 20893 100
Annex-1P-1 of 1
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10
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Annex-2P- 4 of 20
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Annex-2P-10 of 20
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Annex-2P-11 of 20
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Annex-2P-13 of 20
23
ROA
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Annex-2P-14 of 20
24
Annex-2P-15 of 20
ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN (2007-2027)FEEDER ROADS
Feeder Roads Cost HH Cost per PriorityDzongkhag From To Length(km) (Nu.) Million Served HH Rating
(Nu.) Milion (A, B, C, D)
TRASHIGANG Thrimshing Thungkhar 8.0 41.680 231 0.2 A(Phegpari) via Ramchongma
Kharungla Kangpara 28.0 145.880 249 0.6 B
Kangpara Ramchongma 15.5 80.755 256 0.3 A
Kangpara Mankhar 20.0 104.200 D
Kangpara Chema 15.0 78.150 30 2.6 D
Ngangshing Yechen 15.0 78.150 96 0.8 B(NH)
Yechen Tshatse 23.5 122.435 254 0.5 A
Tshatse Kurchilo 15.0 78.150 297 0.3 A
km 67.5 Berdungma 9.5 49.495 115 0.4 A(S/Jongkhar-T/gangHighway)
Dawzor Jeri-Lemi 5.0 26.050 200 0.1 A(Khaling)
Bidung Yabrang/ 10.0 52.100 210 0.2 APhinsum
Yabrang/ Thongrong 5.0 26.050 200 0.1 APhinsum
Yonphupam Benshingmo- 6.0 31.260 201 0.2 AJomtshang
Chaling Mendrulla 5.0 26.050 310 0.1 A
Mendrulla Merak 27.0 140.670 329 0.4 A
Merak Sakteng 40.0 208.400 260 0.8 B
Bidung Rangjung 22.0 114.620 94 1.2 C
Rangjung Joenkhar 20.0 104.200 359 0.3 A
Joenkhar Sakteng 37.0 192.770 173 1.1 C
Total 326.5 1701.065 3864
25
ROA
D SE
CTO
R M
AST
ER P
LAN
(200
7-20
27)
FEED
ER R
OA
DS
Feed
er R
oads
Cos
tHH
Cos
t per
Prio
rity
Dzon
gkha
g
From
T
oLe
ngth
(km
)(N
u.)
Mill
ion
Serv
edHH
Ratin
g(N
u.)
Mili
on(A
, B, C
, D)
T/YA
NG
TSE
Bum
delin
gTo
bran
g27
.014
0.67
013
21.
1C
Tong
shan
gTo
kaph
u10
.052
.100
282
0.2
A
Bayl
ing
Wom
ana
ng12
.062
.520
200
0.3
A(D
eche
npho
dran
g)
Wom
ana
ngRi
gsum
Goe
mp
a12
.062
.520
441.
4C
Toka
phu
Zhad
i28
.014
5.88
018
70.
8B
Ram
jar
Phun
gyan
g11
.057
.310
348
0.2
A
Jam
khar
Larja
b16
.083
.360
242
0.3
A
Tota
l11
6.0
604.
360
1435
Annex-2P-16 of 20
26
ROA
D SE
CTO
R M
AST
ER P
LAN
(200
7-20
27)
FEED
ER R
OA
DS
Feed
er R
oads
Cos
tHH
Cos
t per
Prio
rity
Dzon
gkha
g
From
T
oLe
ngth
(km
)(N
u.)
Mill
ion
Serv
edHH
Ratin
g(N
u.)
Mili
on(A
, B, C
, D)
TRO
NG
SAKa
kelin
gSin
phu
12.0
62.5
2057
1.1
C
Sinph
uBe
mji
10.0
52.1
0063
0.8
B
Bem
jiTh
risip
ang
6.0
31.2
6014
2.2
D
Tron
gsa
Jong
than
g27
.514
3.27
555
2.6
D
Refe
Kela
7.5
39.0
7540
1.0
C
Nim
shon
gPh
umzo
r18
.093
.780
137.
2D
Berte
Korp
hu30
.015
6.30
079
2.0
D
Korp
huN
ab
ji5.
026
.050
530.
5A
Korp
huRe
ti15
.078
.150
130
0.6
B
Tota
l13
1.0
682.
510
504
Annex-2P-17 of 20
27
ROA
D SE
CTO
R M
AST
ER P
LAN
(200
7-20
27)
FEED
ER R
OA
DS
Feed
er R
oads
Cos
tHH
Cos
t per
Prio
rity
Dzon
gkha
g
From
T
oLe
ngth
(km
)(N
u.)
Mill
ion
Serv
edHH
Ratin
g(N
u.)
Mili
on(A
, B, C
, D)
TSIR
AN
GBu
richu
Pata
le11
.057
.310
760.
8B
Pata
leKe
reni
13.0
67.7
3022
3.1
D
Dun
gleg
ang
Katik
e14
.072
.940
371
0.2
A
Pata
leTs
irang
Dan
gra
Buric
hu35
.018
2.35
012
91.
4C
Scho
ol**
Men
dega
ngBa
rshon
g17
.591
.175
501.
8D
(Lam
idar
a)(G
airig
aon)
Bant
auli
Jaub
ari
10.0
52.1
0049
1.1
C(B
etin
igao
n)
Tota
l10
0.5
523.
605
697
Annex-2P-18 of 20
28
ROA
D SE
CTO
R M
AST
ER P
LAN
(200
7-20
27)
FEED
ER R
OA
DS
Feed
er R
oads
Cos
tHH
Cos
t per
Prio
rity
Dzon
gkha
g
From
T
oLe
ngth
(km
)(N
u.)
Mill
ion
Serv
edHH
Ratin
g(N
u.)
Mili
on(A
, B, C
, D)
WA
NG
DUE
Tikiza
mTr
ashi
la26
.513
8.06
515
80.
9B
Phob
jikha
Zizig
omp
a12
.062
.520
511.
2C
Rikh
eyza
mG
oenk
har
14.0
72.9
4080
0.9
BN
obd
ing
Chu
ba
r cho
rten
19.3
100.
553
168
0.6
B(J
angc
huch
olin
g)Ta
ksha
chu
Silli
18.0
93.7
8061
1.5
CBe
ychu
Umak
hato
e8.
041
.680
630.
7B
Taks
hach
uPe
mith
ang
18.0
93.7
8015
20.
6B
Khot
okha
Gog
ona
10.0
52.1
0010
70.
5A
Busa
Sch
ool
Lub
zizur
8.0
41.6
8041
1.0
CN
enze
rgan
gTil
ekha
6.0
31.2
6055
0.6
BSh
emin
aC
hang
chey
8.0
41.6
8040
1.0
CKo
trana
Kom
ath
ang
7.0
36.4
7060
0.6
BKo
tana
(on
way
Pang
kha
9.0
46.8
9073
0.6
Bto
Bay
Lang
dra)
Tota
l16
3.8
853.
398
1109
Annex-2P-19 of 20
29
ROA
D SE
CTO
R M
AST
ER P
LAN
(200
7-20
27)
FEED
ER R
OA
DS
Fee
der R
oads
Cos
tHH
Cos
t per
Prio
rity
Dzon
gkha
g
Fr
om
To
Leng
th(k
m)
(Nu.
) M
illio
nSe
rved
HHRa
ting
(Nu.
) M
ilion
(A, B
, C, D
)
ZHEM
GA
NG
Gom
phu
Edhi
20.0
104.
200
101
1.0
C
Pang
khar
Bjok
a61
.532
0.41
528
21.
1C
Buli
Bard
o vi
a N
imsh
ong
52.5
273.
525
406
0.7
B
Buli
Dig
ala
44.0
229.
240
140
1.6
D
Tingt
ibi
Berte
9.0
46.8
9021
2.2
D
Tota
l18
7.0
974.
270
950
Annex-2P-20 of 20
30
ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN (2007-2027)ABSTRACT OF PRIORITIZED FEEDER ROADS
SL. DZONGKHAG LENGTH (KM)No. PRIORITY PRIORITY PRIORITY PRIORITY
A B C D1 BUMTHANG 10.0 13.5 0.0 0.0
2 CHHUKHA 0.0 125.5 18.0 0.0
3 DAGANA 72.5 10.0 25.0 30.0
4 GASA 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.0
5 HAA 0.0 0.0 24.5 117.0
6 LHUENTSE 19.0 69.5 40.0 0.0
7 MONGAR 80.0 67.5 26.0 38.0
8 PUNAKHA 32.8 21.0 15.0 0.0
9 PEMAGATSHEL 29.0 61.0 45.0 5.0
10 PARO 4.0 28.0 0.0 9.0
11 SAMTSE 41.0 69.0 23.0 41.3
12 SARPANG 0.0 106.0 0.0 0.0
13 S/JONGKHAR 0 100.5 79.0 0.0
14 TRONGSA 5.0 25.0 19.5 81.5
15 THIMPHU 0.0 0.0 10.0 105.0
16 TSIRANG 14.0 11.0 45.0 30.5
17 TRASHIGANG 149.5 83.0 59.0 35.0
18 T/YANGTSE 49.0 28.0 39.0 0.0
19 WANGDUE 10 107.8 46.0 0.0
20 ZHEMGANG 0.0 52.5 81.5 53.0
Total 515.8 978.8 595.5 564.3
Total of all Dzongkhags 2654.4 km
Annex-3P-1 of 1
31
ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN (2007-2027)SECOND EAST-WEST HIGHWAY
Sl. FROM TO LENGTH STATUS PRIORITY *No. (km) RANKING
1 Sipsoo Samtse 49 Upgradation
2 Samtse Phuentsholing 69 New construction 13 Phuentsholing Raidak 88 Upgradation
4 Raidak Kalikhola 23 New construction 85 Kalikhola Kerabari 15 Upgradation
6 Kerabari Phipsoo 65 New construction 77 Phipsoo Sarpang 35 Upgradation
8 Sarpang Gelephu 30 Upgradation
9 Gelephu Gelezam 9 Upgradation
10 Gelezam Umling (Lalai) 12 Upgradation
11 Umling (Lalai) Panbang 85 New construction 512 Panbang Amshingwoong 35 New construction 313 Amshingwoong Nganglam 14 New construction 4
(part of Gyalposhing-Nganglam road)
14 Nganglam Dewathang 105 New construction 215 Dewathang Samdrupcholing 50 Upgradation
(Bhangtar)
16 Samdrupcholing Jomotshangkha 110 New construction 6(Bhangtar) (Daipham)
Total 794
*: Based on strategic importance and National Assembly decisions
Annex-4P-1 of 1
32
Annex—5P-1 of 1
ROA
D SE
CTO
R M
AST
ER P
LAN
(200
7-20
27)
HIG
HWA
YS FO
R IN
TER-
DZO
NG
KHA
G C
ON
NEC
TIVITY
Sl.
FRO
M
T
OLE
NG
TH
S
TATU
SPR
IORI
TYN
O.
(km
)RA
NKI
NG
*
1G
omph
u (Z
hem
gang
)Th
ida
ngbi
(Mon
gar)
via
162
New
con
stru
ctio
n4
Shin
gkha
r (Zh
emga
ng)
2Sh
ingk
har (
Zhem
gang
)Ur
a (B
umth
ang)
49N
ew c
onst
ruct
ion
1
3Sh
ingk
har (
Bum
than
g)Un
gar (
Lhue
ntse
) via
Sin
gmal
a76
New
con
stru
ctio
n2
4D
aga
Dzo
ng (D
agan
a)G
enek
ha (T
him
phu)
123
New
con
stru
ctio
n3
5M
inja
y (L
huen
tse)
Don
gla
(bor
der
T/Ya
ngts
e)67
New
con
stru
ctio
n5
6D
ongl
aD
ongd
e D
zong
(T/Y
angt
se)
60N
ew c
onst
ruct
ion
6
Tota
l53
7
*: B
ased
on
stra
tegi
c im
porta
nce
and
Nat
iona
l Ass
embl
y d
ecisi
ons
33
Annex-6P- 1 of 1
ROA
D SE
CTO
R M
AST
ER P
LAN
(200
7-20
27)
MA
JOR
REA
LIG
NM
ENTS
Slno
.N
ame
of ro
adEx
istin
g ro
adLe
ngth
of
Redu
ctio
n in
road
Prio
rity*
*re
alig
nmen
tle
ngth
(km
)re
alig
nmen
t (km
)le
ngth
(km
)Ra
nkin
g
1Se
rpan
g-Se
ngor
186.
1411
.86
3(E
ast-W
est H
ighw
ay)
2Re
ffe-K
hosa
la29
1712
5(T
rong
sa-G
elep
hu H
ighw
ay)
3D
amch
u-C
hukh
a48
2325
1(P
/ling
-Thi
mph
u Hi
ghw
ay)
4W
angd
igan
g-M
angd
ichu
55.3
1639
.32
(Tro
ngsa
-Gel
ephu
Hig
hway
)
5Ya
di-T
rash
igan
g C
haza
mtb
d*
tbd
*tb
d*
4(E
ast-W
est H
ighw
ay)
tbd
* : t
o be
det
erm
ined
**: B
ase
d o
n st
rate
gic
impo
rtanc
e a
nd N
atio
nal A
ssem
bly
dec
ision
s
34
Annex-7P- 1 of 1
ROA
D SE
CTO
R M
AST
ER P
LAN
(200
7-20
27)
TUN
NEL
S
Tunn
els B
etw
een
Nam
e of
exi
stin
g ro
adPr
iorit
y Ra
nkin
g**
Thim
phu
and
Par
otb
d*
2
Thim
phu
and
Wan
gdue
East
-Wes
t hig
hway
3
Ged
u a
nd G
ang
lakh
aTh
imph
u-Ph
uent
shol
ing
high
wa
y1
Nob
din
g an
d C
hend
ebji
East
-Wes
t hig
hway
4
Dor
ji Goe
npa
and
Gey
tsa
East
-Wes
t hig
hway
5
Gay
zam
chu
and
Seng
orEa
st-W
est h
ighw
ay6
Kilik
har a
nd N
inga
laEa
st-W
est h
ighw
ay
7
Tam
a an
d Su
rey
Tron
gsa-
Gel
ephu
hig
hway
8
Sunk
osh
and
Sa
rpa
ngW
angd
ue-S
arpa
ng h
ighw
ay9
Tra
shig
ang
and
S/J
ongk
har
T/G
ang-
S/Jo
ngkh
ar h
ighw
ay10
tbd
* : t
o be
det
erm
ined
**: B
ased
on
stra
tegi
c im
porta
nce
and
Nat
iona
l Ass
embl
y d
ecisi
ons
35