Road Safety in the Americas (Alberto Concha-Eastman, M. D.)

8/7/2019 Road Safety in the Americas (Alberto Concha-Eastman, M. D.)

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Road Safety in theRoad Safety in the

AmericasAmericas

Dr. Alberto Concha-Dr. Alberto Concha-

Eastman PAHO / WHOEastman PAHO / WHOWashington, DCWashington, DChttp://www.paho.orghttp://www.paho.org

http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/en/

[email protected]@paho.org
http://www.paho.org/http://www.paho.org/http://www.paho.org/


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ContentContent

1.1. Highlights of the WHO & WB WorldHighlights of the WHO & WB WorldReport on Road Traffic InjuriesReport on Road Traffic InjuriesPreventionPrevention

2.2. The magnitude of the problem in theThe magnitude of the problem in theAmericas as of 2003- Mortality, injuries,Americas as of 2003- Mortality, injuries,risk factors, who are affectedrisk factors, who are affected

3.3. Priority areas for policy in LAC andPriority areas for policy in LAC andPAHO/WHO recommendationsPAHO/WHO recommendations

4. Bogota case4. Bogota case


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5 chapters:5 chapters:

concepts,concepts,global burden,global burden,determinants,determinants,interventions,interventions,conclusions &conclusions &recommendationsrecommendations

5 chapters:5 chapters:

concepts,concepts,global burden,global burden,determinants,determinants,interventions,interventions,conclusions &conclusions &recommendationsrecommendations

WRRTIP


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The majority of road traffic injuries occur in low-

and middle-income countries


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Most injured are vulnerable road users

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Delhi, India

Bandung, Indonesia

Colombo, Sri Lanka

Thailand

Malaysia

U.S.A.

Australia

Norw ay

Japan

Netherlands

Pedestrians Bicyclists Motorized 2-wheelers Motorized 4-wheelers Other


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Road safety is a shared responsibility

GOVERNMENT &

LEGISLATIVE BODIES

MEDIA

PROFESSIONALS

NGOs, SPECIAL

INTEREST GROUPS

POLICE AND DMV

INDUSTRY

USERS / CITIZENS

ROAD INJURY

PREVENTION POLICY


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Road traffic injuries are a public health problem

Public Health

Injury Surveillance

Research

Prevention & Control

Evaluation

Policy

Services

Advocacy


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WORLD HEALTH DAY 2004 AT PAHO/WHO HQ IN DC


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The Road Traffic Injury Problem in theThe Road Traffic Injury Problem in the

AmericasAmericas

Fatalities: estimated 133,783 peopleFatalities: estimated 133,783 peoplein 2002.in 2002.

Ranked as the 10Ranked as the 10thth leading cause ofleading cause of

death in the region.death in the region. 77thth leading cause of DALYs lost.leading cause of DALYs lost.

Number of injured: estimated at 1.2Number of injured: estimated at 1.2

million people.million people. Economic and social costsEconomic and social costs

Alcohol related: 30% - 45%Alcohol related: 30% - 45%

Sources: World Health Organization/World Bank,Sources: World Health Organization/World Bank, World report on road traffic injury preventionWorld report on road traffic injury prevention , 2004. Source for road traffic injuries was, 2004. Source for road traffic injuries was

Constance, P., The preventable plague,Constance, P., The preventable plague, IDBAmrica MagazineIDBAmrica Magazine, January-February 2000., January-February 2000.


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Road traffic fatalities (per 100,000) in the Americas, by levelRoad traffic fatalities (per 100,000) in the Americas, by level

of risk, latest available yearof risk, latest available year

< 10.0 (Low risk) Anguilla, Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Dominica,

Haiti*, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sa

Vincent and the Grenadines

10.0-20.0 (Mediumrisk)

Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bermuda, Brazil, CaymaIslands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica,

Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trini

and Tobago, United States, Uruguay, Virgin Islands (U

> 20.0 (High risk) Bahamas, Belize, Guatemala, Guyana, Venezuela

CountriesRange of fatality rate

(per 100,000)

* It is likely number of fatality cases for Haiti was underreported.* It is likely number of fatality cases for Haiti was underreported.


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Source: Health Analysis and Information Systems Area. Deaths from motor vehicle traffic accidents in selected

countries of the Americas. PAHO Epidemiological Bulletin. Vol. 25 (1): 2-5, 2004.

Age specific death rates from motor vehicle traffic accidents.

Brazil, 2000

0

5

10

1520

25

30

35

40

45


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Victim/

Year

93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02

Pedestrians

49.5 43.3 48.8 47.4 42.1 48.1 44.4 42.1 52.6 48.9

Motorcyclist

23.6 33.4 33.5 29.0 30.1 26.7 26.8 31.0 20.0 26.8

Occupant 6.9 15.1 11.0 15.3 17.6 13.8 19.3 15.2 12.6 11.9

Cyclists 6.9 8.0 6.3 8.1 9.8 11.1 8.7 11.5 12.6 12.4

Motor vehicle-related fatal injuries by victim

Cali Colombia. 1993 2002 in percentages

Source: CISALVA, PAHO/WHO CC


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Type of road user as a proportion of all roadType of road user as a proportion of all road

traffic fatalities+ in the Americas, latesttraffic fatalities+ in the Americas, latest

available yearavailable year

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

United States*

Trinidad and Tobago

Saint Lucia

Mexico*

Jamaica

El Salvador

Costa Rica

Colombia

Canada

Pedestrians Drivers Passengers

Cyclists Motorcyclists Other/Not specified

+ Road user categories were not uniform across all country data.+ Road user categories were not uniform across all country data.

* Data for Mexico and the United States did not differentiate between drivers and passengers. Drivers bar for these two countries corresponds to the total of drivers and passenger fatalities.* Data for Mexico and the United States did not differentiate between drivers and passengers. Drivers bar for these two countries corresponds to the total of drivers and passenger fatalities.

Sources: Data compiled from the following sources. Canada, 2002Canadian Motor Vehicle Traffic Collision Statistics 2002,Sources: Data compiled from the following sources. Canada, 2002Canadian Motor Vehicle Traffic Collision Statistics 2002, http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htmhttp://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htm;;

Colombia, 2002Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal; Costa Rica, 2003INEC; El Salvador, 2003National Police; Jamaica, 2003Ministry of Health (original figures from National PoliceColombia, 2002Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal; Costa Rica, 2003INEC; El Salvador, 2003National Police; Jamaica, 2003Ministry of Health (original figures from National PoliceHeadquarters); Mexico, 2000Consejo Nacional de Prevencin de Accidentes; Saint Lucia, 2001Royal St. Lucia Police Force (Traffic Department); Trinidad and Tobago, Office of theHeadquarters); Mexico, 2000Consejo Nacional de Prevencin de Accidentes; Saint Lucia, 2001Royal St. Lucia Police Force (Traffic Department); Trinidad and Tobago, Office of the

Commissioner of Police; United States, 2002NHTSA.Commissioner of Police; United States, 2002NHTSA.
http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htmhttp://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htmhttp://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htm


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Gender as a proportion of all road trafficGender as a proportion of all road traffic

fatalities, Americas, 2000fatalities, Americas, 2000

Sources: see tables that follow.Sources: see tables that follow.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Arge

ntina

Braz

il*

Colom

bia

Costa

Rica

Cuba

Ecua

dor*

Jamaic

a

Nica

ragu

a

Pana

ma

Peru**

Vene

zuela

Female

Male


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Road traffic fatality rates (per 100,000Road traffic fatality rates (per 100,000

population), by gender and age group in thepopulation), by gender and age group in the

Americas, 2002Americas, 2002

Source:Source: WHO Global Burden of Disease project, 2002, Version 1.WHO Global Burden of Disease project, 2002, Version 1.

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60 and

over

Male

Female


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2004Pan AmericanHealthOrganization

World Health Day / Week, 2004World Health Day / Week, 2004

Risk factors:Risk factors:

Everybody is at riskEverybody is at risk

Being migrant from rural to urbanBeing migrant from rural to urban

Illiteracy: difficulty to understand urban codesIlliteracy: difficulty to understand urban codes Drinking and drivingDrinking and driving

Risk factors:Risk factors:

Everybody is at riskEverybody is at risk

Being migrant from rural to urbanBeing migrant from rural to urban

Illiteracy: difficulty to understand urban codesIlliteracy: difficulty to understand urban codes Drinking and drivingDrinking and driving


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Speed Alcohol

Seat beltsand infants

rear seats Helmets

Visibility

Recommendations applicable to all

countries


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2004

Pan AmericanHealthOrganization

WHO / PAHO main message for policy

implications


implications

Road crashes areRoad crashes are

another form ofanother form ofsocial inequalitysocial inequality


another form ofanother form ofsocial inequalitysocial inequality


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2004



implications


implications

Road safety is aRoad safety is a

public policy issue:public policy issue:leadership isleadership is

requiredrequired

Road safety is aRoad safety is a

public policy issue:public policy issue:leadership isleadership is

requiredrequired


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2004


Road safety areas of workRoad safety areas of work

Legislation and policyLegislation and policyLegislation and policyLegislation and policy

- ALCOHOL CONTROLALCOHOL CONTROL- Protection and care ofProtection and care of

victimsvictims- Improve InsuranceImprove Insurance

coveragecoverage- Law enforcementLaw enforcement


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2004


Road safetyRoad safety

-- A successful case:A successful case:Bogot, Colombia, 10Bogot, Colombia, 10years of continuedyears of continuedmultisectorialmultisectorialapproachapproach


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2004


Public Policies on Road safety in Bogota

1995-2003

Aim: influencing positive changes on peopleAim: influencing positive changes on people

behaviorbehavior


1995-2003


behaviorbehavior

1. Mayors leadership. Road safety is not only a

public health and traffic concern but people

behavior related:Media messages and testimony

2. Gather reliable and timely data and encourage

research

3. Work intersectorially


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2004



1995-2003


behaviorbehavior


1995-2003


behaviorbehavior

4. Alcohol consumption control.

Early closing of bars and the like.Drunk drivers control and

punishmentDesignated driver sustained

campaigns

5. Public space recovery for pedestrians

and


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1995-2003


behaviorbehavior


1995-2003


behaviorbehavior

9. Mimes and civic guides (Misin Bogot)(focused on pedestrians crossing and seat belt use).

10. Restricted vehicles at rush hour

11. One day with no private cars on the streets

12. Critical spots highlighted

13. Accountability and public scrutiny of public policies

(media involvement)


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BEFORE

PUBLIC SPACE RECOVERY


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AFTER



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BEFORE



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AFTER



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BEFORE



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MAIN TRANSMILENIO ROAD: OUTCOMES AFTER


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1352

832936

67

238

4

190

495

260

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Crashes PedestriansHit by cars

Injured Killed Muggings

MAIN TRANSMILENIO ROAD: OUTCOMES AFTER

ONE YEAR from 2000 to 2001

Fuente: Medicina Legal y Polica Metropolitana

TRANSMILENIO

YEA

R

2000

2001


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WHO / PAHO main messageWHO / PAHO main message


preventablepreventable

Then .Then .


preventablepreventable

Then .Then .


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WHO / PAHO main messageWHO / PAHO main message

Our common goal is:Our common goal is:To reduce mortality,To reduce mortality,

injuries andinjuries anddisabilitiesdisabilities

Our common goal is:Our common goal is:To reduce mortality,To reduce mortality,

injuries andinjuries anddisabilitiesdisabilities


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WHO / PAHO i


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WHO / PAHO main messages

FOR SAFER ROADSFOR SAFER ROADSIN THE AMERICASIN THE AMERICAS

LET US WORKLET US WORKTOGETHERTOGETHER

THANKSTHANKS

Documents

Road Safety in the Americas (Alberto Concha-Eastman, M. D.)