Road Engineering Measures to Improve Safety NHAI Initiatives

Road Engineering Measures to Improve SafetyNHAI Initiatives

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA(Ministry of Road Transport and Highways)

Dr. H. M. NaqviChief General Manager(T)

Road Safety Cell, NHAI

Road Safety Audit CourseFebraury 18, 2021, IIT Delhi

2NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

Safety Issues on National Highways in India

• NHs in India represent 2% (1,26,350 km as on 2018) of total road length (6.22 million km) (MoRTH 2017-18) & carry approx. 40% vehicular traffic (Mohan et al. 2009).

• Despite implementation of NHDP & Bharat Mala, share of less than two-lane and two-lane NHs is 77% of total NHs network in 2018 (MoRTH 2017-18).

Source: Road Accidents in India, 2019, MoRTH

Fig 1 Yearly Trend of Fatal Crashes, Number of Persons Killed in India and on NHs during 2001-2019

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

Fatal accidents in India

No. of persons killed on NHs

No. of persons killed in India


• Share of fatalities on NHs observed to be varying between 34-39% during 2001-2019.

• NHs recorded fatalities: 53,872 (36%) in 2019 (MoRTH 2019).

• As per 2018 study, estimated socio-economic cost of road accidents: 0.77 % of GDP

(Rs 1, 147,114 crores).

Source: Road Accidents in India, 2019, MoRTH

Fig 1 Yearly Trend of Fatal Crashes, Number of Persons Killed in India and on NHs during 2001-2019

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

Fatal accidents in India

No. of persons killed on NHs

No. of persons killed in India

Safety Issues on National Highways in India


0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

AP AS BH CG GA GU HR HP JK JH KA KR MP MH OD PJ RJ TN TG TR UK UP WB DL PU

2017 2018 2019

Name of States

State-wise Fatalities per km (NHs) in 2017, 2018, 2019


Factors Involved in Road Crashes

Factors which influence traffic crash:

• Roadway,

• driver and,

• Vehicle-related and environment.

• Identifying the effects of roadway factors on accidents willlead to a safer road design. Unlike driver and vehicle factors,roadway factors are controllable by highway planners ordesigners.

• Hence, focus to identify roadway factors are desirable.


Possible Factors for Crashes (1/2)Driver/Human-related:

• over speeding of vehicles,

• overloaded vehicles,

• drunken driving,

• non adherence to lane driving (including contra-flow movement),

• poor vision/negligence of drivers

• pedestrian jaywalking,

Vehicle Engineering-related:

• mechanical failure of vehicles,

Road Engineering-related


Road Engineering factors for Crashes (2/2)

Road Engg

Deficient Curvature/

slope

Poor Quality/Mainten.

Pot holes

Absence of Service Roads

in

urban areas

Approach roads-

Merging NHs

Unauthorized Median

openings

Inadequate Road

Furniture

Poor design of Junction


NHAI’s Initiative in Road Safety:Engineering measures


BlackspotsIdentification

Definition

“Accident blackspots are locations identified

by the Ministry based on recurring 5

(fatal/grievous injury) accidents and 10

fatalities during last three consecutive years

and require immediate rectification

measures to stop such occurrences”

Ministry had formulated the protocol for identification of blackspots on National Highways network based on accidents and fatalities data submitted in the accident proforma by the State Governments.


Blackspot rectification measures on NHs NHAIB/spots identified-based on accidents/fatalities during last 3

cal years at 500 m section of road by Police

MoRTH (Tpt Research Wing) compiles data, and Roads Wings allocate unique IDs to each b/spot

MoRTH Roads Wings pass data to respective organizations (NHAI/NHIDCL/BRO/State PWDs) for verification

After verification of b/spot jurisdiction, rectification measures are taken (short-term at each b/spots)

Long-term measures as per need

After long-term measures taken-effectiveness of measures taken monitored with accident data for 3 yrs

Carry out study for identification of measures to be taken

Re-

exam

ine

Accidents/fatalities falling under b/spots definition

Yes

NoProposal to de-list b/spot may be sent to MoRTH

Monitor accidents/fatalities for 3 yearsShort-term measuresare found effective.


Blackspots Rectification Measures

Short-term Rectification Measures Long-term Rectification Measures

Pedestrian facilities like Zebra Crossings,

Crash Barriers/railings Road Warning Signs Road markings, Studs,

Delineators Speed Calming measures like

rumble strips, bar marking, etc. Traffic calming measures

Flyover, underpasses, overpasses, major junction improvements etc.

Improvement of horizontal / vertical alignment/curvature.

Provide service roads, Reconstruction, rehabilitation /

widening of the bridges Foot over Bridges, etc.


Blackspots Mitigation Accidents data No. of Blackspots

identified on NHs with NHAI

Status

2011-2014 510 • Short-term measures completed at all spots.• Long-term measures are also completed at

majority of spots.• Monitor effectiveness of measures taken is

done through 3 years accidents data at eachlocation

2015-2018 (30 States)

3846 • Short-term measures to be completed by Dec2020.

• Geometric deficiencies at each spot to be identified based on crash analysis shortly and accordingly long-term remedial measures to be identified and completed by Sept 2021.


Datalake portal : GIS Map showing blackspots

Back


Datalake portal : GIS Map showing Blackspots

Back


Blackspot Improvement (Short-term measures)

At Kasara Ghat (MH-33), PIU Nasik

Solar blinker


Blackspot Improvement (Typical example 1/3)

Before rectification

After rectification


Blackspot Improvement (Typical example 3/3)

Before rectification After rectification

22 Accidents 0 accidents


Guidelines for Rectification of Blackspots NHAI has issued comprehensive guidelines for rectification of

blackspots vide circular 1.1.31/2019 dated 19.12.2019.

Regional Officers and their team including IE/AE to inspect eachblackspots on NHs under their jurisdiction, analyze the reason ofaccidents with respect to geometry and other features of Highways,cross roads and other reasons.


For Investigation and analysis: Provision of engaging Road SafetyExpert/Auditor, if services of IE/AE Road safety consultants are notavailable in a project.

Based on the inspection the short-term and long-term measures shallbe implemented.

ROs have been delegated power of up to Rs. 50 crores for finalisationand approval of rectification works including land acquisition.

For preparation of proposals/estimates of long-term rectificationmeasures consultants may be engaged.

Guidelines for Rectification of Blackspots


Guidelines for Rectification of Blackspots

S. No. Activity Timeline

1 Indicative cost estimate to be prepared and submitted by Regional Officer. (only for cases in para

6.2.2 above)

45 days

2 Administrative and financial approval to be accorded by HQ. (only for cases in para 6.2.2 above) 30 days

3 Detailed Survey/investigation/preparation of drawing, design, detailed estimate, bid documents

etc. by RO through consultant (if required) and technical sanction.

(If consultant is required to be engaged the process for the same may be initiative as given in

Para 5.4 above.)

120 days

4 Finalization of contractor for the civil work. 120 days

5 LA/ environment clearance etc. (if required) 1 Year

6 Time line for Completion of civil work 6-24 months

The indicative timeline to be followed is as under:


Pedestrian Facilities on NHs

• For providing Safe Road Crossing facilities for pedestrians,provisions have been made to provide Foot Over Bridges,Pedestrian Subways and Underpasses.

• NHAI has delegated powers to Regional Officers for identification ofsuch locations and sanction up to Rs. 1.25 crores for FoBs and up toRs. 25 crores for Pedestrian Subways (PSW), PedestrianUnderpasses (PUP).

• FOBs constructed: 153 nos.

• FOBs under construction: 280 nos.

• FOBs proposed in in upcoming projects 120 nos.


NHAI’s Initiative in Road Safety:Road Safety Audit


Road Safety Audits for NHs (1/2) • RSA is the formal safety performance examination of an existing or

future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary teamand it considers all road users (pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists,truck/bus drivers, on-road public transport users, and others).

• It qualitatively estimates and reports on potential road safety issuesand identifies opportunities for improvements in safety forall road users.

• The outcome of a RSA is the identification of any road safetydeficiencies and formulation of recommendations aimed atremoving/eliminating or reducing those deficiencies.


Road Safety Audits for NHs (1/2)Independent RSAs of project highways have been made mandatory at all stages

Design,

Construction and

Operation & Maintenance

and are being carried out accordingly.

The findings of the safety auditor are being complied through the concessionaire/contractor of the project highway and the project officials.

NHAI empanels and engage road safety auditors.


NHAI’s Initiative in Road Safety:Capacity Building


Capacity Building on Road Safety for NHAI Field Officers (1/2)

NHAI conducted two days of trainings on safety engineering aspects for NHAI Field Officers at PIU level including Concessionaires, Consultants, Contractors representatives in last two-three years


284 274

107

1045972

439

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Series I Training Series II Training Series III Training

NHAI Officer Concessionaire/ Contractor/ IE/AE etc

No

. of

Per

son

s Tr

ain

ed

Capacity Building on Road Safety for NHAI Field Officers (2/2)

A. In House

Series-I -Awareness and Sensitization Program on Road Safety Engg.

Series-II-Advanced Training in Road Safety Engg. and Construction Safety

Series-III- Project based Identification of safety Issues & finding remedial measures

B. NHAI Officers also participates Road Safety Workshops/Conferences/Trainings


NHAI’s Initiative in Road Safety:Incident Management


Incident Management System on NHs (1/3)

At each toll plaza NH, NHAI provides Ambulances, Patrol Vehicles and Tow Away Cranes, Currently deployed vehicles :

o Ambulance 492

o Patrol vehicles 509

o Tow away cranes 443

Toll-free number 1033 (multi-lingual, user location tracking, & responsive complaint resolution)


Incident Management System on NHs (2/3)

Sukhad Yatra mobile application for Highway users.

• Provision for user to enter road quality-related information

• To report any accident or pothole on highway.

• Provides real-time data related to waiting time expected at plazas and various facilities like points of interest, highway nest etc.

• To purchase FASTag tag and further facilitate highway user experience.


Wayside Amenities on NHs (3/3)

More than 450 Highway Nest (Mini) have been constructed.

Nineteen LOA issued for setting up Highway Nest facility with private land owners.

Three Agreements have been signed for Highway Village sites.

LOA issued for 5 Highway Village sites


NHAI’s Initiative in Road Safety:MV (Amendment) Act, 2019


The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019No. 32 of 2019 9.8.2019 (1/5)

• Section 198A. (1) Any designated authority, contractor, consultant orconcessionaire responsible for the design or construction ormaintenance of the safety standards of the road shall follow suchdesign, construction and maintenance standards, as may beprescribed by the Central Government from time to time.


Where failure on the designated authority, contractor, consultant orconcessionaire responsible under sub-section (1) to comply withstandards for road design, construction and maintenance, results indeath or disability, such authority or contractor or concessionaire shallbe punishable with a fine which may extend to one lakh rupees and thesame shall be paid to the Fund constituted under section 164B.

The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019No. 32 of 2019 9.8.2019 (2/5)


Summing Up

• Road Safety Issues on NHs

• Safe System Approach

• Road Engineering Measures

• Black Spots rectification measures – NHAI

• Road Safety Audit

• Incident Management

• MV (Amendment) Act 2019


Thank [email protected]

Documents

Road Engineering Measures to Improve Safety NHAI Initiatives