16-Oct-18 CRRI 1

Presented by Dr. Niraj Sharma, Sr. Principal Scientist

CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) New Delhi, 110 025

Email: neeraj.crri @ nic.in

“Road Dust and its Control Measures”

(Oct. 9th, 2018)

“Workshop on Dust Control Measures at Construction

Sites to Control Air Pollution”

(Organized by Dept. of Environment, GNCT Delhi)

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• Established in 1952 at Delhi • A Constituent Laboratory of the Council of Scientific

& Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. Of India (Ministry of Science & Technology)

• An ISO - 9001 Institution • Carries out R& D and Consultancy Services on the

Different Aspects of Roads and Road Related Activities

• Also Organizes Regular Training Programmes for In-Service Highway, Traffic & Transportation Engineers Planners & Consultants

Brief Introduction of the CSIR-CRRI

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Air Pollution Situation In Delhi

Health Impacts of Air Pollution

CALINE 4

6

Health Impacts

CALINE 4

7

CRRI

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS, 2009)

Pollutants

Time-Weighted Average

Concentration in Ambient Air Method of Measurement

Industrial, Residential, Rural

and Other Area Areas

Ecologically sensitive Area (notified by Central

Government)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Annual* 50 g/m3 20 g/m3 - Improved West and Geake Method - Ultraviolet Fluorescence

24 hours** 80 g/m3 80 g/m3

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Annual* 40 g/m3 30 g/m3 -Modified Jacob & Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite) – Chemiluminescence

24 hours** 80 g/m3 80 g/m3

Particulate Matter (size less than 10µm) or PM10

Annual* 60 g/m3 60 g/m3 -Gravimetric -TOEM -Beta attenuation

24 hours** 100 g/m3 100 g/m3

Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5µm) or PM2.5

Annual* 40 g/m3 40 g/m3 -Gravimetric -TOEM -Beta attenuation

24 hours** 60 g/m3 60 g/m3

Ozone (O3) 8 hours** 100 g/m3 100 g/m3 -UV Photometric -Chemilminescence -Chemical Method

1 hours** 180 g/m3 180 g/m3

Lead (Pb) Annual* 0.50 g/m3 0.50 g/m3 -ASS Method after sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent Filter paper -ED-XRF using Teflon filter 24 hours** 1.0 g/m3 1.0 g/m3

Ammonia (NH3) Annual* 100 g/m3 100 g/m3 -Chemiluminescence -Indophenol Blue Method 24 hours** 400 g/m3 400 g/m3

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hours** 02 mg/m3 02 mg/m3 -Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR) Spectroscopy 1 hour** 04 mg/m3 04 mg/m3

Benzene (C6H6)

Annual* 05 g/m3 05 g/m3

-Gas Chromatography based continuous analyzer -Adsorption and Description followed by GC analysis

Benzo(α) Pyrene (BaP)-particulate phase only Annual* 01 ng/m3 01 ng/m3

-Solvent extraction followed by HPLC/GC analysis

Arsenic (As) Annual* 06 ng/m3 06 ng/m3

-AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

Nickel (Ni) Annual* 20 ng/m3 20 ng/m3

--AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

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PM2.5 Concentration in Various Parts of India

Emission Loads from Different Sources in Delhi

Source: CPCB (2008). Air Quality Monitoring, Emission Inventory & Source Apportionment Studies for Delhi. Central Pollution Control Board, Govt. of India.

• Wind Blown Natural Dust (Sometimes Transported from a Longer Distance)

• Road Dust Resuspension (Kerb-side Dust Resuspended due to Vehicle Movement)

• Construction Activities (Road/Building/ Metro Rail Construction/Repair/Demolition and Movement of Construction Material)

• Particles/Dust Generated from Various Sources[Vehicles(Diesel), DG sets, Thermal Power Plant(s) ]

Sources of Dust Pollution In Delhi

• Top Four Contributors of PM10 : Road Dust (56%), Concrete Batching (10%), Industrial Point Sources (10%) and Vehicles (9%)

• PM10 ~143 t/d • Top four contributors of PM2.5 : Road Dust

(38%), Vehicles (20%), Domestic Fuel Burning (12%) and Industrial Point Sources (11%)

• Source: Sharma, M. and Dikshit, O. (2016).Comprehensive Study on

Air Pollution and Green House Gases (GHGs) in Delhi. Submitted to Department of Environment, GNCT Delhi and DPCC , IIT Kanpur

Dust in Delhi - IITK Study (Based on Annual Emissions)

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• Dust Control Measures

• Various NGT Orders/MoEFCC Notifications • Ban on Biomass Burning in Open • Strengthening Ambient Air Pollution Monitoring Network • Launching of Air Quality Index and Relating it to Graded

Action Plan for Delhi • Installation of on-line Continuous (24x7) Monitoring

Devices by Major Industries • Introduction of Cleaner Alternate Fuels (viz., CNG, LPG,

Ethanol Blending) • Leapfrogging BS-IV to BS-VI Fuel Standards by April 1st,

2020 • Promotion of Public Transport System • Mechanical Sweeping of Roads with Water wash • Carpeting of Shoulders • Green Cover

Measures to Control Dust Pollution in Delhi

Air Quality Index

Air Quality Network in Delhi • 7- CPCB Stations • 23 DPCC Stations • 9-SAFAR/IMD +2 (1 Gurugram + 1 Noida) •Manual Stations

Under NAAQM Programme = 7

“ The Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2018 ( Jan. 25th, 2018)

“Mandatory Implementation of Dust Mitigation Measures for Construction and Demolition Activities for Projects Requiring EC”(Rule 106)

Includes • EMP with Dust Control Measures at Construction and Soil

Excavation Sites • Paved and Blacktopped Roads Leading to Construction

Sites • Covering of all Loose Soil/C & D Waste/Material • Wind Breakers • Water Sprinkling System • Public Display of Dust Mitigation Measures.

Measures to Control Dust Pollution

“Mandatory Implementation of Dust Mitigation Measures for All Construction and Demolition Activities”( Rule 107)

• Prohibition of Grinding and Cutting of Building Materials in Open

• No Road-Side Storage of Construction Material

• Covered Vehicle for Transportation

• C&D Waste Processing & Disposal Sites

Measures to Control Dust Pollution - Contd.

Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules (2016) - Notified on 29th March, 2016 by (MoEF&CC)

Guidelines Issued by CPCB

Measures to Control Dust Pollution - Contd.

• Emits Large Quantities of PM, SO2, NOX, CO, CO2 and VOC

• Categorized as Hazardous Industry (Orange Category)

• Operation of Hot Mix Plants (HMPs) have been Banned in Delhi Since 28.02.1997

• Ordered to be shifted Out of Delhi • Required for Road Construction/Maintenence

Activities

Shifting of Hot Mix Plants - NGT Order

(I.A. No. 22 in Writ Petition [C] No. 4677, M.C. Mehta - vs - Union of India, 1997

Demonstrate the Effectiveness of Air Pollution Mitigation by Pariyayntra Filtration by Manav Rachna Innovation & Incubation Centre

Installing Pariyayntra Filtration Unit on the Roof Top of 30 Buses

R& D Projects Related To Dust Control in Delhi (DST/CPCB)

• Deployment and Evaluation of Air Purification Unit (for Traffic Junction Pollution Abatement ) in Delhi by CSIR-NEERI

By Installing Wind Augmentation and Air Purifying Unit (WAYU) Device at 7 Traffic Intersections in Delhi

by CSIR-NEERI & IITB (Under EPC Funding)

R& D Projects Related To Dust Control in Delhi (DST/CPCB) – Stubble Burning

• Banning of Burning of Biomass ( NGT Fine Of Rs. 5000/-)

Review of the Chemical Agent Used For Dust Suppression On Paved Roads

CMA- Calcium magnesium acetate Source: Gulia, S., Goyal, P., Goyal, S.K. and Kumar, R. (2018). Re-suspension of road dust: contribution, assessment and control through dust suppressants- a review.. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-2001-7

Dust Suppressant – CRRI & NEERI Study

• Material supplied by M/s Nitto Denko India Pvt. Ltd.

• Evaluation of Dust suppressant under Control conditions – To be Extended to Field/Real Life Situation

• Claimed to be Extensively used in Japan, Europe, China and USA

• Chemical Loading @ ~1.5 kg/m2

• Remains Effective (Dust Control) for 10-15 Days

• NEERI- Dust Measurements • CRRI- Skid Tests on Road Surface ( BPT)

Expected % Reduction in Re-Suspension of Road Dust By Different Measures

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