RNA, DNA, & ProteinsChapter 9 & 10.1 Review

Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication

DNA polymerase

Another name for protein synthesis

translation

Sugar used to make DNA

dexoyribose

Process of making a DNA copy

replication

Nitrogen base with 1 ring such ascytosine and thymine

pyrimidine

Organism whose cells have a nucleus

eukaryote

Process in which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA

transcription

Three sequential nucleotides in anmRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid

codon

Organism without a nucleusprokaryote

Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine and guanine

Purine

Subunit composed of a sugar, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group used to make DNA and RNA

nucleotide

Principle that hydrogen bonds can only form between certain nitrogen bases

Base pairing

Group of three nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

anticodon

Process of making proteins from an RNA message

Translation (protein synthesis)

What is CHARGAFF’S RULE?

A = T

G = C

Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

Type of RNA that carries DNA codefrom the nucleus out to the cytoplasm

Messenger RNA

Segment of DNA that codes for a protein

gene

Region of DNA where RNA polymerasebinds to start transcription

promoter

Bonds between nitrogen bases that hold the 2 DNA strands together

Hydrogen bonds

Type of RNA that matches itsanticodon and attaches the correctamino acid to the growing proteinchain during protein synthesis

Transfer RNA

Structures found in the cytoplasmmade of rRNA and proteins where protein synthesis happens

Ribosomes

Type of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes

Ribosomal RNA

Sugar found in RNA molecules

ribose

Enzyme that binds to DNA, separates the strands, and assembles nucleotide subunits into an RNA molecule

RNA polymerase

Macromolecule made by joining nucleotide subunits together

Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)

Another name for a protein chain

polypeptide

Macromolecule made by joining aminoacid subunits together

protein

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html

Name the woman scientist whose X-rayimages of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick figure out the structureof DNA

ROSALYN FRANKLIN

Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA

DNA RNADouble stranded Single strandedDeoxyribose sugar Ribose sugarA,T,C,G A,U,C,GNo Uracil No thymineContains genetic code Carries code from Stays in nucleus nucleus to cytoplasm

Helps with protein synthesis

Making a DNA copy = _____________

Using DNA code to

make an RNA = ___________________

Using an RNA messageto make a protein = _______________

replication

translation

transcription

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html

Name the two scientists received theNobel prize for figuring out the structure of DNA

JAMES WATSON &FRANCIS CRICK

DNA → DNA = _____________

DNA → RNA = ___________________

RNA → protein = _______________

replication

translation

transcription

Name this subunit used to buildnucleic acids like DNA & RNA

If this was going to make RNA whatsugar would be used?

Which nitrogen base could NOT be used?

Image by: Riedell

NUCLEOTIDE

ribose

THYMINE

Name this subunit used to buildnucleic acids like DNA & RNA

If this was going to make DNA whatsugar would be used?

Which nitrogen base could NOT be used?

Image by: Riedell

NUCLEOTIDE

deoxyribose

URACIL

Tell what nitrogen base these letters stand for

_____________= A

_____________ = G

_____________ = C

______________ = T

______________ = U

ADENINEGUANINECYTOSINETHYMINEURACIL

Image from: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/dna.jpg

Which molecules make up the backbone (sides of ladder)in a DNA molecule?

Sugar and phosphates

Purines

A

G

 Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are called ______________

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Pyrimidines

C

T

 Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are called ______________

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Hydrogen

Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

_____________ bondsbetween nitrogen bases hold the two strands together.

Growth

Growth

Replication fork

DNA polymerase

New strand

Original strand DNA

polymerase

Nitrogenous bases

Replication fork

Original strand

New strand

The sites where strand separation and replication occur are called _____________replication forks

Name the 3 kinds of RNA

_________________RNA Combines with proteins to form

ribosomes

_________________RNA Matches m-RNA codon to add correctamino acids during protein synthesis

_________________RNA carries code from DNA to ribosomes

rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reservedmRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif

RIBOSOMAL

TRANSFER

MESSENGER

Use the mRNA codon wheel to determine the amino acid being coded for:

C C A =___________

C G U = __________

U U C = __________

G C A = __________

U A G = __________

proline

arginine

phenylalanine

STOP

alanine

Name the 3 kinds of RNA

_________________RNA

_________________RNA

_________________RNA

rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reservedmRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif

RIBOSOMAL

TRANSFER

MESSENGER

A= _________

B= _________

C= _________

D= ___________

F= _____________

G = __________________

Images modified from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

NUCLEUS

m-RNAamino acid

ribosome

t-RNA

codon

Amino acid