RM5. Research Design, Sampling

7/27/2019 RM5. Research Design, Sampling

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CHOOSING AN APPROPRIATERESEARCH DESIGN


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HOW TO CHOOSE FROM THE DIFFERENT

RESEARCH METHODS

Selecting the correct type from the differentresearch methods can be a little scary, at first. There

are so many factors to take into account and

evaluate.

The research question, ethics, budget and time are

all major considerations in any design.

This is before looking at the statistics required, and

studying the preferred methods for the individual

scientific discipline.
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PLANNING THE RESEARCH

DESIGN

After the researcher has formulated the researchproblem, the research design must be developed,

which is a kind ofMaster Plan, specify the methods,

and procedure for collecting and analyzing theneeded information that is the plan of action for the

research project.

Investigator must specify the sources of data andtechniques (because you cannot put the same shoe

on every foot), such as:

Surveys or Experiments


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Appropriate research design

Four basic methods of for descriptive andcausal research:

Surveys

Experiments

Secondary data analysis, and

Observation techniques

Once the appropriate design has been

determined, the researcher moves on to the

next steps: Sampling


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The process of using a small number of items

or parts of a larger population to make

conclusions about the whole population

Sample: A subset, or some part of a larger

population

Population: A complete group of entities

sharing some common set of characteristics

Sampling


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SamplingFollow

ing steps must follow to conduct fieldwork:

Define the target population: Who is to besampled?

The sampling frame: How big should the sample

be? List of elements from which the sample may bedrawn?

How the sample units are to be selected?

Plan and procedure for selecting sampling units.Determine sample size

Select actual sampling units

Conduct field work


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Determine sampling procedure

Sampling procedure must outlined in the research

design. A brief sample designs is as follows:

Deliberate sampling

Simple random sampling

Systematic sampling

Stratified sampling

Quota samplingCluster sampling and area sampling

Multi-stage sampling

Sequential sampling

Diff f h d i h


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Different types of research designs have

different advantages and disadvantages

The design is the structure of any scientific work. Itgives direction and systematizes the research.

The method you choose will affect your results and

how you conclude the findings. Most scientists are

interested in getting reliable observations that can

help the understanding of a phenomenon.

There are two main approaches to a research

problem:

1. Quantitative Research

2. Qualitative Research
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1. Descriptive StatisticsUsed to describe data such as mean, median and

standard deviation are the main descriptive

statistics2. Inferential Statistics

Sample statistics to the population parameters

3. Test Statistics

Mathematical methods for describing and

analyzing the psychometric properties of tests and

other instruments

Types of Statistical Analysis


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Preparing the research design

The function of research design is to provide for the

collection of relevant evidence with minimalexpenditure of effort, time and money. But how all

these can be achieved depends mainly on the

research purpose. Research purposes may begrouped into four categories:

(i) Exploration,

(ii) Description,(iii) Diagnosis, and

(iv) Experimentation.


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The preparation of the research design, appropriate

for a particular research problem, involves usually

the consideration of the following:

(i) the means of obtaining the information;

(ii) the availability and skills of the researcher and

his staff (if any);(iii) explanation of the way in which selected means

of obtaining information will be organized and the

reasoning leading to the selection;(iv) the time available for research; and

(v) the cost factor relating to research, i.e., the

finance available for the purpose.

Documents

RM5. Research Design, Sampling