Rocks and Minerals

By Mr. Templer

Layers of the Earth

• 4 major layers

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Core

•The core is molten iron and other substances

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Weathering and Erosion

• Weathering is the process of rocks breaking (frozen is one factor that contributes to weathering)

• Erosion is the process of weathered rocks moving

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Why is weathering and erosion bad?

• Leads to habitat destruction

• You can help by planting trees

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Rocks v. Minerals

• A mineral is a natural solid found in nature that is composed of one substance only

• A rock is composed of multiple minerals (I.e. the rock granite is made up of the minerals mica, quartz, and feldspar)

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• Occur when lava cools• Often have crystal-like appearance• Examples include ____________

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Sedimentary Rocks

• Formed by water• Have layers• Sediments group up

in layers• Fossils can be found

in sedimentary rocks• Examples

include_________

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Metamorphic Rocks

• Transform igneous or sedimentary rocks into a different rock through intense heat and pressure over time

• Some examples include_________

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Pangaea

• All of the continents used to be one super-continent• The earth’s plates move 1-2 inches every year• Fossils of similar animals were found in Africa and

South America - the animal couldn’t swim

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Plate movement

• When the plates move, they cause volcanoes, hurricanes, or the formation of mountains

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Fault Lines

• Faults are cracks in the earth

• Hurricanes often occur at fault lines

• One of the biggest fault lines is the San Andreas fault in California

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Natural Resources

• A natural resource is anything that is part of nature which humans are able to use

• Examples include oil, trees, and all rocks and minerals

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Nonrenewable Resources

• A non renewable resource is a resource that is being used up faster than it can replace itself

• Some examples include coal, oil, and natural gas

• It is important to find alternative forms of energy such as wind farms or solar energy

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Renewable Resources

• A renewable resource is any natural resource that can replace itself in a person’s lifetime

• To be classified as ‘renewable’ the resource must replace itself faster than it is being used by society

• Some examples are apple trees or water

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Fossils

• Fossils are the remains of once living animals; the bones were preserved in sedimentary rocks or under water

• They help give evidence about land formations such as pangaea and show evolution

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