RIZAL MIDTERMS REVIEWER

Dr. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonzo Realonda

Dr. – studied medicine at Universidad Central de Madrid, DID NOT FINISH his studiesJose – St. Joseph – San Jose – family is a devoted CatholicProtacio – Came from the Spanish calendar, birthday of San JoseMercado – “market” – of Chinese descend – good in businessRizal – Came from the father which means “luntiang bukid”, ricial y – means “and”Alonzo – old surnameRealonda – surname of the god mother

RA 1425 aka The Rizal Law – requiring students of all public and private schools in the Philippines to study and provide a class solely for all the life works and writings of Jose Rizal

RA 229 – no gambling and any other bad vice on December 30 (Rizal Day) to properly celebrate his death

June 19, 1861 – birth in Calamba, LagunaJune 22, 1861 – christianing

ParentsDon Fransisco Mercado Rizal (father) – Chinese descend, Domingo Lamco, “Huwaran ng mga Ama”Dona Teodoro Alonzo Rizal (mother) – Japanese descend, Lakandula – huling hari ng Tondo

Rizal’s Talents Clay Statue – molded his own face “Ang Aking Mga Kababata” – poem, love for

the language Mahikero

Rizal’s Influence1. Attitude and attributes:

Malay Chinese Spanish Father Mother

2. Environment:

Calamba, Laguna Manila Spain Paris Germany Hong Kong

Friends, experiences, life events, etc: Death of brother Mother went to jail GOMBURZA – At 11 (1872) , he

watched how they die for the Philippines (martyr friars)

3. Creator God “poong maykapal”

Education in Calamba and Binan4Rs:

1. Religion2. Reading3. ARithmetic 4. WRiting

Experience in Binan He was bullied by two boys named Pedro

and Andres, they challenged him to an arm wrestling match (he then started to exercise)

GOMBURZA Concepcion – girl sister who died Mother (Dona Teodora) was accused for

poisoning the wife of her brother, Jose Alberto. She was asked to walk from Calamba to Sta. Cruz as one of her punishments ordered by a Spanish lieutenant).

Experience in Ateneo (formerly known as Escuela Pia) 1872-1877(Reasons not to get accepted, but Rizal acquired):

Late enrollee Short and weak looking

But got accepted anyway.

Mahusay 2 Divisions

- Red (internos) – Roman Empire- Blue (externals) – Carthaginian Empire

Eventually made his way to the front because of high grades

Focused hobbies in school: Sining - (painting and culture) Sports – (fencing, body building, arnis, judo,

chess, shooting)

University of Sto. Tomas (1877-1882) AB Philosophy and Letters

Why?- Dad likes this course- Unsure with what course he wanted

Eventually wanted to be a doctor to cure his mother Went to a dorm, dorm buddy was Marcelo

H. Del Pilar Higher grade in Philosophy and Letters Decided to study in Spain Bullied by students and professors in UST:

- Run by Dominican priests who dislike Filipinos like Pepe

- Humiliated and given a hard time - Discrimination

Guwardiya Sibil encounter

GOMBURZA (3 Filipino Friars)

Padre Marciano Gomez (August 2, 1799, Sta. Cruz) Filipino-Chinese La Verdad Lowest

Padre Jose Burgos (February 9, 1837, Vigan) Filipino-Spanish (mestizo) Youngest friar Friend of Paciano Smartest at San Juan de Letran Highest

Padre Jacinto Zamora (August 14, 1835, Pandacan) Filipino (indio)

Strangled to death by garrotte on February 17, 1872 7:00am at Bagumbayan (currently Rizal Park)

Appraisal against the Spanish – Sedition charges

Revolt at Cavite 1872 Taxes Forced labor (they were promised with the

possibility of having jobs) – Cavite Mutini, pollo y serbisyos – gallion trade

Secularization – biggest issue

SPAIN (1882-1885) 3 Reasons:1. To finish studying2. Secret mission3. Liberal Spain, he wants to learn from it

Used a fake name Jose Mercado Stopovers:

- Singapore (May 9, 1882)- Suez Canal + Africa- Italy + France- Barcelona (June 16, 1882)

Bad news from Manila:- Cholera- Leonor Rivera is getting married to

Henry Charles Kipping Amor Patrio, “Love of Country”

MADRID (Nov 1882) Universidad Central de Madrid

- Medicine- Philosophy

Spoke French, English and German fluently Met Consuelo Ortega Joined Circulo-Hispano Filipino

Went to Paris at 1883 for a vacation

MASONRY Acacia Lodge in Madrid Dimasalang Virtud y Trabajo, Clenica

June 19, 1885 – graduate (at 24)

1885-1887 Paris to BerlinParis – Dr. Louis de Weckdert Berlin – Dr. Otto Becker

1886 Rizal + Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt (pen pals)

Thought he was a spy from France because he lost or did not have his passport

Spoke fluent German He told him he was a physician

He is stupid for such incident

Maximo Viola lent him 300php to publish his book

Rizal’s Love Interests

Segunda Katigbakat Rizal’s first romance From Lipa She was the sister of Rizal’s friend, Mariano

Katigbak and close friend of Rizal’s sister Olimpia

Relationship did not work because he was “ruined by his own shyness and reserve”

Leonor Valenzuela Charming daughter of Capitan Juan and

Capitana Valenzuela from Pagsanjan, Laguna

He wrote her love notes written in invisible ink

“Orang” was her pet name He stopped short of proposing marriage to

Orang

Leonor Rivera Rizal’s cousin from Camiling, Tarlac He wrote her love notes at the same time

he wrote love notes to Valenzuela She signed her name as “Taimis” to

camouflage their intimate relationship

Consuelo Ortega Madrid He wrote a poem to her entitled “A La

Senorita C.Oy.P (to Miss C.O.y.P)” expressing his admirations for her

He backed out of entering into a serious relationship:- He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera- His friend/ co-worker in the

Propaganda Movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in love with her

O Sei San (Seiko Usul) Japan Daughter of a Samurai She taught him the Japanese art of painting

“su-mie” and Japanese language He had to end this relationship to carry on

his libertarian mission in Europe

Gertrude Beckett London Lived in the Beckett residence close to the

British Museum

He realized he could not marry Gettie for he had a mission to fulfill in life

Suzanne Jacoby Brussels, Belguim Lived in the boarding house of the Jacoby

sisters

Nellie Boustead Paris Lived with the Boustead family Antonio Luna loves her too Reasons for why the relationship didn’t

work out:- He refused to give up his Catholic faith

and convert to Protestantism - Nelly’s mother did not like Rizal

Letter to the Women of Malolos – He wrote to them by expressing his deepest admirations for their willpower and strength to fight for their right to education. It gave him comfort and confidence towards his fellow countrymen.

Samahang Propaganda – One of the campaigns during 1872-1892, spearheaded by the 3 priests Gomez, Burgos and Zamora. It was a movement to make the Philippines a province of Spain rather than a colony.