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ReferencesandAcknowledgements
Riteofpassage:determiningelephant-mediatedseedshadowsfromground-truthgutpassagedata
ChrisBeirne1,ChaseL.Nuñez1,MelissaBaldino1,Seokmin Kim1,JuliaKnorr1,TaylorMinich1,Lingrong Jin2,AlinaXiao2,WalterMbamy3,GuichardNdzeng Obiang3,JulianaMasseloux1,TanguyNkoghe3,MédardObiangEbanega3,ColinRundel4,JustinP.Wright1,2,JohnR.Poulsen1
1NicholasSchooloftheEnvironment,DukeUniversity,2DepartmentofBiology,DukeUniversity,3DépartementdeGéographie,Université OmarBongo,Libreville,Gabon,4DepartmentofStatisticalScience,DukeUniversity
Introduction
FieldMethods
Results
Gut passage sensors
Elephant followBaitingSensor collection
from elephant dung
StatMethodsTheroleofforestelephantsas
seeddispersershasbeenunderestimatedandunderappreciated
Baiting
Historicalmovement
Movingwindow
Conclusions
FutureDirections
§ Impactsofelephantingestiononseedgermination,seedlinggrowth&survival
§ Effectsofseedpredationinelephantdungonpost-dispersalseedsurvivorship
• Africanforestelephants(Loxodontacyclotis) areimportantseeddispersersintropicalforestsandinfluencethefloralcommunitystructure
• Seeddispersalpatternisdeterminedby:1)gutpassagetime(GPT)and2)movementpatternsoftheseeddispersers
We developed novel GPT measuring methods, obtained the first GPT datain wild forest elephants, and modeled elephant-mediated seed dispersalshadows based on GPT and elephant movement data.
Dung Tracking
Seedshadows
GPT
• 99%ofseedsfallwithin15km
• Thecontinuedlossofforestelephantswillbedetrimentaltotropicalforeststructure
4-15km
Scantoseereferencesandacknowledgements!
Fig.adaptedfromCuadra &Grullon (2017)
Fig.adaptedfromCuadra &Grullon (2017)
(km)
(km)