Risk Analysis and Contingency Planning - Home | Food · PDF file© FAO 2009 1 of 33 Resources for policy making Risk Analysis and Contingency Planning In the context of policy & decision

© FAO 2009

1 of 33

Resources for policy making

Risk Analysis and Contingency Planning

In the context of policy & decision making

About the FAO Policy Learning Programme

This programme aims at equipping high level officials from developing countries withcutting-edge knowledge and strengthening their capacity to base their decisions onsound consideration and analysis of policies and strategies both at home and in thecontext of strategic international developments.

Related resources

• See all material prepared for the FAO Policy Learning Programme

• See the FAO Policy Learning Website: http://www.fao.org/tc/policy-learning/en/

http://www.fao.org/easypol/output/browse_by_training_path.asp?DEBUG=&page=&lang=&id_topic=&display=&search=&type=&abstr_type=&ascdes=&ordenAnt=&fdesde=&fhasta=&language=&type_search=&id_topic=&id=489&pub_id=489&id_cat=46�

http://www.fao.org/easypol/output/browse_by_training_path.asp?DEBUG=&page=&lang=&id_topic=&display=&search=&type=&abstr_type=&ascdes=&ordenAnt=&fdesde=&fhasta=&language=&type_search=&id_topic=&id=489&pub_id=489&id_cat=46�

http://www.fao.org/tc/policy-learning/en/�

© FAO 2009

2 of 33

By

of the

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS


Patrick Otto, Animal Health Officer (Veterinary Public Health), Animal Health Service

Risk Analysis and Contingency Planning

About EASYPol

The EASYPol home page is available at: www.fao.org/easypol

This presentation belongs to a set of modules which are part of the EASYPol Resource package: FAO Policy Learning Programme : Specific policy issues: Risk analysis and contengency planning

EASYPol is a multilingual repository of freely downloadable resources for policy making in agriculture, rural development and food security. The resources are the results of research and field work by policy experts at FAO. The site is maintained by FAO’s Policy Assistance Support Service, Policy and Programme Development Support Division, FAO.

http://www.fao.org/tc/easypol�

http://www.fao.org/easypol/output/browse_by_training_path.asp?pub_id=509&id=509&id_elem=509&id_cat=501�




http://www.fao.org/tc/policy-support�

http://www.fao.org/tc/policy-support�

© FAO 2009

3 of 33


Define risk analysis and its application

Outline the key components of risk analysis and provide a brief overview of the risk analysis process

Identify key players in risk analysis process

Risk analysis principles

Objectives Biosecurity module – risk analysis

© FAO 2009

4 of 33


Introduction

What is Risk Analysis?

A process performed to understand the nature of unwanted, negative consequences to health; and to

identify and consider the options for preventing or minimising the negative consequences.

© FAO 2009

5 of 33


A HAZARD is...

A biological, chemical or physical agent with the potential to cause an adverse health effect.

RISK is

The likelihood (probability) i.e. how likely is it to happen? and

the impact on health i.e. how sever?

RISK = Probability x Severity

(HPAI) H5N1 virus

© FAO 2009

6 of 33


Components of Risk Analysis

I. Risk Assessment II. Risk ManagementIII. Risk Communication

© FAO 2009

7 of 33


Risk Analysis Framework

Risk Assessment

*Science - based

Risk Management

*Policy based

Risk Communication

*Interactive exchange of information and opinions

concerning risks

© FAO 2009

8 of 33


A scientific process (in the context of health) – consists of 4 steps:

I. Risk Assessment

http://www.sciencecartoonsplus.com/pages/contact.php�

© FAO 2009

9 of 33


1. Identify the Hazard

© FAO 2009

10 of 33


E.g for bacteriagrowth requirements/characteristicsmode of transmissionhost rangevulnerabilitiessurvival

2. Describe the Hazard (characterisation)

© FAO 2009

11 of 33


3. Assess exposure

i.e. the degree of intake or contact likely to occur

© FAO 2009

12 of 33


i.e what is the most likely health impact for the population?

4. Describe the risk - (characterisation)

© FAO 2009

13 of 33


Involves considering policy options to accept, minimise or reduce risks and to select and implement appropriate options

II. Risk Management

1. IDENTIFY Risk Management

Options (RMOs)

2. EVALUATE Risk Management

Options (RMOs)

3. IMPLEMENT Risk Management

Decision

4. MONITOR & REVIEW

© FAO 2009

14 of 33


Examples of Risk Management Options (RMOs)

culling & burning quarantine

Restricted zones Vaccination Vehicle disinfection

Decontamination

© FAO 2009

15 of 33


Question:

“Are there any other RMOs to

control animal diseases?”

© FAO 2009

16 of 33


Interactive information exchange among risk assessors, risk managers and other stakeholders.

An integral and ongoing part of all stages of risk analysis.

Should be agreed between risk assessors and managers early in the process.

III. Risk Communication

© FAO 2009

17 of 33


Question: Who presents information to the public (i.e. who do the public trust, how should it will be done?)

Consider ‘risk perceptions’

Risk Communication Strategy

© FAO 2009

18 of 33


Summary – risk analysis

A process made up of 3 components – risk assessment, risk management & risk communication;

Helps to identify risks and to analyse RMOs;

Risk communication - an interactive process, requires a strategy.

© FAO 2009

19 of 33


Contingency Planning Biosecurity module – contingency planning

© FAO 2009

20 of 33


The development and maintenance of a framework for responding to suspected and confirmed incidences with significant consequences for public health, safety or welfare e.g. outbreak of exotic human, plant disease or serious food contamination.

Includes the arrangements, structures, systems, and individual and group responsibilities.

Contingency Planning (defined)

© FAO 2009

21 of 33


1. Contingency planning – aims and context2. Contingency Planning or Emergency Preparedness3. A Contingency Plan framework4. Contingency Planning – Organization5. Alert Levels

Outline

© FAO 2009

22 of 33


1. Contingency Planning - Aims :

Protect human, animal and plant health;Minimise economic loss e.g. the number of animals which need to be culled either to control the disease or on welfare grounds, Minimise the disruption of the food supply chain, and related industries;Protect livelihoods;Minimise damage to the environment.

© FAO 2009

23 of 33


Part of wider prevention measures, including:

improved surveillance of animal disease, preventing illegal movement of animals, plants or food;improved bio-security in farms and markets, and;general education and raising awareness – for farmers and the rural community on measures to improve farm hygiene and bio-security to reduce the risk of disease.

1. Contingency Planning - context

© FAO 2009

24 of 33


Part of emergency planning. Intended to ensure;

Capability to initiate and take appropriate/timely actions to support the response.

the right institutions/organisations and stakeholders are notified, briefed, and engaged to respond.

2. Contingency Planning or Emergency Preparedness

© FAO 2009

25 of 33


3. A Contingency Plan framework

2. Develop Plan1. IMPACT Assessment

6.Review

5.Maintenance

3.Testing

4.Training

© FAO 2009

26 of 33


Approaches may vary but a clear structure helps to ensure;

effective coordination;efficient response;clear communication lines; clear understanding of roles and responsibilities;decisions made at the right level - and communicated efficiently.

4. Contingency Planning - Organization

© FAO 2009

27 of 33


OperationalOperational OperationalOperationalOperationalOperational

TACTICALTACTICAL

STRATEGIC

Typical Multi-Level Command & Response Structure

Forward Ops Base (FOB)

© FAO 2009

28 of 33


CMC Manager

DeputyCMC Manager

FAO Crisis Management Centre (Animal Health) Organisation Structure

CMC Planning(Surveillance) Manager

CMC Operations(Response) Manager

CMC LogisticsOfficer

CMC Finance & Admin Officer

CMC Admin Assistant CMC Communications Officer

Situation reportingOfficer (*)

Disease IntelligenceOfficer (*)

CMC OperationsCoordinator

Mission deploymentofficer

CMC rapid deploymentoperations team (*)

CMC rapid deploymenttechnical team (*)

Operationsclerk (*)

Budget clerk

Procurement officer

ICT officer

= veterrinary profile

= general operations

= comunication

= administration

note: the structure can accommodate growth depending onthe nature of the demand for CMC services in the areas indicated (*)

© FAO 2009

29 of 33


Strategic LevelProvides:

overall strategic oversightdirection to the tactical level responses teams a forum to review strategies (in a wider Government context)

– e.g. a Civil Contingencies Committee (CCC) – involving all relevant departments,

Tactical LevelTranslates advice from strategic level into practical instructions for operational personnel; Advice and coordination for those dealing with the incidence at local level.

4. Organisation (cont’d)

© FAO 2009

30 of 33


Operational level

implement prevention and control/prevention measures in accordance with tactical level advice and guidance;

report on the progress of the incidence and the control measures to the Tactical level.

4. Organisation (cont’d)

© FAO 2009

31 of 33


Alert levels are useful:

Different approaches but same objective;Each level clearly defined;Helps ensure appropriate response and resources;To rationalize use of resources;Decisions to escalate, downgrade or stand-down the response - based on clear criteria and evidence;

5. Alert Levels

http://www.clker.com/clipart-2839.html�

© FAO 2009

32 of 33


Summary – contingency planning

An essential part of risk management Supports emergency preparedness and responseAims to protect human, animal and plant health; to minimise disruption of the food chain and food supplies, protect livelihoods, damage to the environments ..etcApproaches vary but a structured approach is preferable;Alert levels help ensure appropriate response and resource levels are deployed.

© FAO 2009

33 of 33


Further readings

Risk Management and food safety – WHO/FAO

Application of risk analysis to food standards issues – WHO/FAO Expert Committee, Geneva, 13 – 17 March 1995

Risk Assessment Of Microbiological Hazards In Foods Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Geneva, Switzerland, 15 to 19 March 1999

Evaluation Du Risque Microbiologique Dans Les Aliments Rapport de la Consultation mixte d’experts FAO/OMS Genève (Suisse) 15-19 mars 1999

Documents

Risk Analysis and Contingency Planning - Home | Food · PDF file© FAO 2009 1 of 33 Resources for policy making Risk Analysis and Contingency Planning In the context of policy & decision