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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Two Consuls, who could veto each other.• Dictator- temporarily appointed in time of
crisis to overrule the Consuls.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
• Senate:• Advised the Consuls.• Proposed laws.• Approved contracts for gov. construction.
PLEBEIAN UPRISE
• Tribunes:• Plebeian controlled, could veto gov. decisions• Twelve Tables:• Gave all citizens the same legal protections.
ROMAN RELIGION
• Borrowed Greek gods, with Roman names:• Zeus (chief god) became Jupiter.• Aphrodite (love) became Venus.• Ares (war) became Mars.• Poseidon (sea) became Neptune.
ROMAN FAMILY
• Patriarchal- father in charge:• Made career decisions for sons.• Arranged marriages.• Could sell family members into slavery.• Could kill them.
ROMAN EXPANSION
• Legions- Roman Army.• Punic Wars- Rome v. Carthage (Africa)• Hannibal- Carthage general, used elephants to
cross the Alps to attack Rome.• Defeat of Carthage led to Roman conquest of
Northern Africa
TREATMENT OF CONQUERED NATIONS
• Indemnity- forced them to make payments.• Forced losers into slavery.• Could keep language, religion, gov.
JULIUS CEASAR (King)
• Military victories:• Against Gaul (France).• Conquered Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt.
REFORMS OF JULIUS CEASAR
• Social reforms (welfare) : job programs, reduced slavery, land for the poor, free grain.
• Created 365 day calendar, added extra day every fourth year.