RIS154 Summary

8/6/2019 RIS154 Summary

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The troubleshooting process:

1. Gather data from the customer.2. Verify obvious issues first.3. Try quick solutions first.4. Gather data from the computer.5. Evaluate the Problem and implement the Solution.

6. Close with the customer.__________________________________________

Windows XP Boot Sequence:

Power On Self Test (POST)POST for each adapter card that has a BIOSBIOS reads the Master Boot Record (MBR)MBR takes over control of the boot process and starts NT Loader (NTLDR)NTLDR reads the BOOT.INI file to know which OS to load and where to find the OSon the boot partitionNTLDR uses NTDETECT.COM to detect any installed hardware

NTLDR loads the NTOSKRNL.EXE file and HAL.DLLNTLDR reads the registry files and loads device driversNTOSKRNL.EXE starts the WINLOGON.EXE program and displays the Windows login screen

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ACPI Standards:

S0: The computer is on and the CPU is running.S1: The CPU is not running. However, the CPU and RAM are still receiving power.S2:The CPU is off, but the RAM is refreshed. The system is in a lower power modethan S1.

S3:The CPU is off, and the RAM is set to a slow refresh rate. This mode is oftencalled Save to RAM. In Windows XP, this state is known as the Standby mode.

S4: The CPU and RAM are off. The contents of RAM have been saved to a temporaryfile on the hard disk. This mode is also called Saved to Disk. In Windows XP, thisstate is known as the Hibernate mode.

S5: The computer is off and nothing has been saved.___________________________________________

Laser printers using electrophotographic technologyInkjet printers using electrostatic spray technologyDot matrix printers using impact technology

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Laser printer:

Step 1: Cleaning - When an image has been deposited on the paper and the drum has separated from the paper, any remaining toner is removed from the drum. Printer may have a blade that scrapes excess toner from drum. Some printers use an ACvoltage on a wire that removes the charge from the drum surface and allows the excess toner to fall away from the drum.

Step 2: Conditioning - Removing the old latent image from the drum and clearingthe drum for a new image. Done by placing a special wire or grid, called the primary corona, across the surface of the drum. Drum receives a negative charge ofapproximately -600 volts DC. The roller is called a conditioning roller.

Step 3: Writing - Scanning the photosensitive drum with the laser beam. Every portion of the drum that is exposed to the light has the surface charge reduced to


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about -100 volts DC. As the drum turns, an invisible latent image is created onit.

Step 4: Developing - Toner is applied to the latent image. Toner contains developer particles made up of magnetic materials coated with a plastic-like material.The toner is charged to approximately -200 volts DC. Toner is attracted to the

-100 volts DC areas of the photosensitive drum, but repelled by the more negativ

e -600 volts DC areas. A control blade holds the toner at a microscopic distancefrom the drum. The toner leaps from the control blade to the drum, where it is

attracted by the more positively charged latent image.

Step 5: Transferring - Toner attached to the latent image is transferred to thepaper. Secondary corona places a positive charge on the paper. Paper attracts the negative toner image from the drum. The image is now on the paper, held in place by the positive charge.

Step 6: Fusing - Paper is rolled between a heated fuser roller and a pressure roller. Fuser roller is heated to about 350 degrees Fahrenheit (177 degrees Celsius). Loose toner powder fuses with the fibers in the paper. Paper is then moved t

o the output tray as a printed page.

Continuous Care Will Delay Trouble Forever.__________________________________________

The printing process in a solid-ink printer is a three-stage process:Step 1: Cleaning - Drum surface is cleaned to remove any remaining ink from theprevious print.Step 2: Spraying - The print head and the drum are heated and an image is sprayed onto the print drum.Step 3: Transferring - Paper is passed between a pressure roller and the drum transferring the image to the paper. The ink is dry when the transfer is finished.

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Benefits of Networking:

Fewer peripherals neededIncreased communication capabilitiesAvoid file duplication and corruptionLower cost licensingCentralized administrationConserve resources

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DHCP process:DHCP server receives a request from a host.Server selects IP address information from a database.Server offers the addresses to requesting host.If the host accepts the offer, the server leases the IP address for a specific period of time.Advantages of DHCP:Simplifies the administration of a networkReduces the possibility of assigning duplicate or invalid addresses

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Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA). With this feature, a Windows computer can assign itself an Internet Protocol (IP) address in the event that a DHCP server is not available or does not exist on the network.

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OSI Model:


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1. Physical2. Data Link3. Network4. Transport5. Session6. Presentation

7. Application_________________________________________

Documents

RIS154 Summary