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WIDE AREA NETWORK
1. Definisi WAN
Wide Area Network (WAN), jangkauannya mencakup daerah geografis yang luas,
seringkali mencakup sebuah negara bahkan benua. WAN memungkinkan terjadinya
komunikasi diantara dua perangkat yang terpisah jarak yang sangat jauh. WAN
menginterkoneksikan beberapa LAN yang kemudian menyediakan akses ke komputer
komputer atau file server pada lokasi lain. Beberapa teknologi WAN antara lain adalah
Modem, ISDN, DSL, Frame Relay, T1, E1, T3, E3 dan SONET.
2. Route
LAN mengirimkan data ke Router, kemudian Router akan menganalisa berdasarkan
informasi alamat pada layer 3. Kemudian Router akan meneruskan data tersebut ke interface
WAN yang sesuai berdasarkan routing table yang dimilikinya. Router adalah perangkat
jaringan yang aktif dan intelegent dan dapat berpartisipasi dalam manajemen jaringan. Router
mengatur jaringan dengan menyediakan kontrol dinamis melalui sumber daya dan
mendukung tugas dan tujuan dari jaringan. Beberapa tujuan tersebut antara lain konektivitas,
perfomansi yang reliabel, kontrol manajemen dan fleksibilitas.
3. Static Routing
Konfigurasi routing jenis ini biasanya dibangun dalam network yang hanya mempunyai
beberapa gateway, umumnya tidak lebih dari 2 atau 3. Static routing dibuat secara manual
pada masing-masing gateway. Jenis ini masih memungkinkan untuk jaringan kecil dan stabil.
Stabil dalam arti kata jarang down. Jaringan yang tidak stabil yang dipasang static routing
dapat membuat kacau seluruh routing, karena tabel routing yang diberikan oleh gateway
tidak benar sehingga paket data yang seharusnya tidak bisa diteruskan masih saja dicoba
sehingga menghabiskan bandwith. Terlebih menyusahkan lagi apabila network semakin
berkembang. Setiap penambahan sebuah router, maka router yang telah ada sebelumnya
harus diberikan tabel routing tambahan secara manual. Jadi jelas, static routing tidak
mungkin dipakai untuk jaringan besar, karena membutuh effort yang besar untuk
mengupdatenya. Contoh perintah dari konfigurasi static routing :
Setting Router 1
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#int fa 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to
up
R1(config-if)#int fa 0/1
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#int fa 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to
up
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#int s 0/0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.222.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.232.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.233.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.104.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.114.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.115.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.71.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.81.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.82.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
Setting Router 2
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#int fa 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.232.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to
up
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#int fa 0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.233.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to
up
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#int s 0/0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R2(config)#int s 0/0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.222.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to down
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.114.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.115.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.104.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.71.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.81.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.82.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
Setting Router 3
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#int fa 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.114.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to
up
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#int fa 0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.115.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to
up
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#int s 0/0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.222.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up
R3(config)#int s 0/0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.104.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.232.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.233.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.71.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.81.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.82.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
Setting Router 4
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R4
R4(config)#int fa 0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.81.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to
up
R4(config-if)#ex
R4(config)#int fa 0/1
R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.82.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to
up
R4(config-if)#ex
R4(config)#int s 0/0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.104.3 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ex
R4(config)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R4(config)#int s 0/0/1
R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.71.2 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to down
R4(config-if)#ex
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.222.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.232.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.233.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.114.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.115.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R4(config)#ip route 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
Setting Router 5
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R5
R5(config)#int fa 0/0
R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.111.1 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no shut
R5(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to
up
R5(config-if)#ex
R5(config)#int fa 0/1
R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.112.1 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no shut
R5(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to
up
R5(config-if)#ex
R5(config)#int s 0/0/1
R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.71.3 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R5(config-if)#no shut
R5(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up
R5(config-if)#ex
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.222.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.232.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.233.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.104.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.114.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.115.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.81.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R5(config)#ip route 192.168.82.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
4. RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Merupakan protokol routing yang paling umum dijumpaikarena biasanya sudah included
dalam sebuah system operasi, biasanya unix atau novell. RIP memakai metode distance-
vector algoritma. Algoritma ini bekerja dengan menambahkan satu angka metrik kepada
ruting apabila melewati satu gateway. Satu kali data melewati satu gateway maka angka
metriknya bertambah satu (atau dengan kata lain naik satu hop). RIP hanya bisa menangani
15 hop, jika lebih maka host tujuan dianggap tidak dapat dijangkau. Oleh karena alasan tadi
maka RIP tidak mungkin untuk diterapkan di sebuah AS yang besar. Selain itu RIP juga
mempunyai kekurangan dalam hal network masking. Namun kabar baiknya, implementasi
RIP tidak terlalu sulit jika dibandingkan dengan OSPF yang akan diterangkan berikut ini.