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The demand for
dry cargo transport
is growing worldwide.
ships in service
design and construction L2D Cargo Conversion
An increasing number of operators aretoday moving to convert
their single-hull oil tankers into bulk carriers orlarge-size ore
carriers . Three main
factors have led to this demand:
the growing demand for ships intended forthe carriage of dry
bulk cargoes, includingore carriers mainly in Brazil and China
a shortage of building slipways,which makes it harder for
operatorsto place their orderfor bulk/ore carrier new buildings
the availability of many single hulloil tankers that are
approachingforced retirement becauseof the regulations in the
shipping industrywhich require double hull vessels;a significant
number of them are of highstructural and operational quality.
These factors, coupled witha generally limited loss in ship
deadweight , make this solutionattractive. However it poses
somechallenges related to the need foradequate strength of
structuresoriginally intended to supportdifferent cargo loads.
Two dimensional structural analysisfor preliminary
assessment
Three holds Finite Element Modelling
Automatic application of loads and structural checkin accordance
with IACS CSR, if required
Finite Element Models compatiblewith Nastran shipyard models
l i q u i d t o d r y c a r g o s h i p c o n v e r s i o n
Leonardo hull3h/3d
The L2D CargoConversion procedure
RINA has developed a specificdesign package including
calculationprocedures and powerful toolsto assess the strength of
hullstructures in key points, accountingfor all the various
possiblephenomena (yielding, buckling,
ultimate strength, fatigue).
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The hull girder strength reduction dueto the large openings in
the deck area,the need for increased double bottomstrength, the
adequacy of the
connections between longitudinalbulkheads, hopper/topside
tankswith transverse bulkheads, allthese aspects are to be
closelyanalyzed in order to guaranteesuccessful operational
results.
The RINA design package L2D CargoConversion starts from an
assessmentof the global hull girder strength andlocal scantlings of
plating and ordinarystiffeners, to include a detailed FiniteElement
Analysis of the mainstructural elements, as well as ofthe local
details.
Regulatory framework
The regulatory framework applicableto these ships requires
specific
consideration, in particular whenoil tankers are converted
intotraditional bulk carriers withhopper/topside tanks.
RINA is constantly monitoringthe on-going discussions at IACSand
IMO level and is in the rightposition to offer the best support
toowners and designers, in order todefine the optimum design
inaccordance with the applicablerules and regulations,
includingcompliance with IACS CommonStructural Rules when
required.
Benefits
L2D Cargo Conversion
rapid adaptation of transport capacityto market demand
generally limited lossin ship deadweight
optimum design solutionsin compliance with all applicable
Rules
opportunity to exploitthe high structural and operationalquality
of many forcedly phased outsingle hull tankers
l i q u i d t o d r y c a r g o s h i p c o n v e r s i o n
S P 0 6 9 1 0 I
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classification societies and certification companies in the world.
Established in Genoa in 1861 to serve themarine industry, today it
spans the globe as a multinational and multi-faceted company,
sharing its knowledge and experience through
a wide range of services which help industries and the community
to improve their businesses and quality of life. RINAs services
coverthe environment, energy, transportation, logistics, safety,
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