Rights and Transcendentalism

Where do we find individuals rights?

• Who would be supporting this?• What helped in America ESTABLISHING religious freedom? (Catholics)• How did Enlightenment ideals help in establishing a separation of

Church and State?• Constitution mentions 3 populations inhabiting the United States:

• Indians, treated as members of independent tribes, not a part of the Govt.• Other Persons, slaves• The people

First 10 Amendments of the Constitution

Definition of what unalienable rights were mentioned in the Declaration of Independence

*

*

*Freedom of Religion

*Freedom of Expression

*Freedom of Assembly

*Freedom to Petition

*Freedom of the Press

**The right to (keep) Bear Arms

**Right to Privacy- Do not have to quarter “let

stay in your house” a soldier

*

*Right to Privacy – requires a search warrant issued by a judge which is based on probable cause to search and seize (take) property

**Right to a fair trial

*Must have indictment by a Grand Jury*Prohibits Double Jeopardy (Being tried twice for the same crime IF

found innocent the 1st time*Do not have to testify (give information under oath) about one’s

self*Must have due process of law before punishment

**Miranda Rights

*Speedy and fair trial

* Impartial (fair) Jury

*Given a Lawyer if a person cannot afford to hire one

*Confront Witnesses

*Understand the charges against you

**Right to a fair trial – The court system must

respect the verdict (decision) of the jury unless something happens that is against the law.

*

*Right to a Fair Trial*No excess (too much) bail for the crime

*No cruel and unusual punishment

**Limits federal powers to the Enumerated

powers listed in the Constitution. Acknowledescitizens have more rights than those listed*Ex- abortion, schools, education

**Powers not given to the Federal Government in

the US Constitution are Reserved for the States and the People*Ex- divorce, rules for marriage, driving licenses,

Rules for Police and fire departments

Monroe’s Presidency• Wins election of 1816 after Hartford Convention• Era of Good Feelings

• One-party government• Regional divisions, but no party division

• Success of Henry Clay’s American System • Advancements in technology, transportation, and communication• New markets open in both US and Internationally• Supreme Court was Nationalist• Panic of 1819

• Blamed the banks, not the President• Wins reelection in 1820 (almost unanimously – height of era)

• Still no other Party to oppose Republican

Missouri Compromise 1819• Form it’s own Constitution• Slave Pop was over 10,000• Tallmadge – no more & children freed at 25 • Sparked 2 years of debate that split the

Republican Party along sectional lines• Compromise

• Missouri gets to avoid Tallmadge discussion• Didn’t allow free blacks in

• Maine becomes annexed (free state)• Maintains balance

• Prohibited North of 36 parallel

• Jefferson saw it as an attempt to get Federalist Party back

• Slaves = power• All but Adams have came from Virginia

Election of 1824• Monroe Doctrine increased Nationalism• Sectionalism was the debate• Jackson vs Quincy Adams vs Clay vs Crawford

• all were Democratic Republicans• Clay gave support to Quincy Adams and earned a

secretary of State position• “Corrupt Barging”

• New system of Political Parties• Jackson and Crawford = Democratic Party• Clay and Adams = Whigs (1830)

Election of 1828• Jackson (Democrat) vs. Quincy Adams (Republican)

The Free Individual• Market Revolution and Westward Expansion

• Energetic, materialistic, constant motion• Produces a new middle class

• Americans had no attachment to place• American Freedom – availability of land in the

West• Manifest Destiny

• Divinely appointed mission• Mission to extend freedom

• Prevent becoming a society of fixed classes and large group of wage earning poor

Transcendentalists • Emphasis on the individual

• Connections between man nature and God

• Most important thing is making your own way

• Ralph Waldo Emerson – “the opportunity for personal growth offered a new definition of Jefferson’s pursuit of happiness”,

• Humanity and nature is good, society is evil

• Men=tools of their tools

Transcendentalist

• Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson

• Advancements in transportation made things possible, market revolution made American Dream possible

• Individual judgment over existing social traditions and institutions

• Counter Culture – Hippies of their day

Birth of American Culture• Separate from that of European influence• Hudson River School of Painting• Knickerbockers – American values, settings

• Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy Hallow, Last of the Mohicans,\The Scarlet Letter, Moby-Dick (religion and morality)

• Washington Irvine, Nathanial Hawthorn, Herman Melville

Second Great Awakening• Reaction to the selfishness that comes with expansion and

individualism • Belief in Perfectionism

• Resemble the life of Jesus through faith, hard work, education, and temperance.

• 1820s– Protestant traditionalist• Charles G. Finney – minister

• Appealed to emotions, not reason – fire and brimstone• Fear of Satan and Hell• Did well in towns where people fell to sin

Impact of the Second Great Awakening • Methodist and Baptist traveled across

the South and West – tent revivals• Became the 2 largest denominations of

Christianity in the US• Aided by transportation

• Democratized American Christianity and influenced Politics on local, state and national level combining Christianity and liberty

• Temperance Movement• General Health – insane asylums and diet

• Dorothea Dix – penal system – taught job skills

• Sylvester Graham & John Harvey Kellogg

Utopian Communities

• Differed in structure• Single leader, democratic, • Most were religious, social and

economic as well• Cooperative

• Narrow gap of rich and poor• Socialism & Communism enter politics• Gender Norm/Relation Change

• Shakers (Ann Lee), Oneida Community (John Noyes)

• Mormons

Temperance movement

• Protestant Perfectionism / Religion merging in politics

• Fewer on the job accidents and more productivity

• Maine – Bans sale or manufacturing• Critics

• Attack on their individual freedom• Catholics – saw this as a way to impose

their religion’s morality• Individual is not morally free emphasis on

independence and Community

Abolitionism

• Fredric Douglas (North Star), William Lloyd Garrison (Liberator)

• Liberty Party – 1st anti-extension of slavery party

• Underground Railroad• Sojourner Truth• Harriet Tubman

Seneca Falls Convention• Beginning of women’s rights movement• Sarah and Angelina Grimke – opposition to male

dominance within the abolition movement

• L. Mott, Elizabeth Clay Stanton, Susan B. Anthony – organizers of Convention to discuss the plight of women in the US

• Declaration of Sentiments• Modeled after the Declaration of Independence• All men and women are created equal• Demand suffrage for women