Richard RussellDirector of Policy and

Research

Arts Council England

Toby Dennett Strategic Development, Arts

Council of Ireland

Cultural Creative Spillovers

Presentation to the European Creative Industries Summit 2015

11th May 2015

Findings of the preliminary evidence review into spillover effects in Europe

We seek to build our collective knowledge and deepen our understanding of the impact of arts and culture. It helps us to map out and reinforce the changing and complex role it plays in our experience as individuals and on the fabric of our society.

We work in partnership with artists, arts organisations, public policy makers and others to build a central place for the arts in Irish life.

The national agency for funding, developing and promoting the arts in Ireland

• Arts Council Norway• Arts Council Malta• British Council• Dr. Annick Schramme (Antwerp Management School, Belgium)• Edna dos Santos-Duisenberg• Elizabete Tomaz/INTELI – Intelligence in Innovation, Innovation Centre• Jonathan Vickery (University of Warwick)• Kaisa Schmidt-Thomé (Aalto University)• Lyudmila Petrova (Erasmus University)• Michael Söndermann• Multiplicities• University of Duesto

A European research alliance

Why spillovers?

We understand spillover(s) to be the process by which an activity in one area has a subsequent broader impact on places, society or the economy through the overflow of concepts, ideas, skills, knowledge and different types of capital.

• varying time-fames • intentional or unintentional, planned or unplanned, direct or

indirect• negative as well as positive

The process by which activity in the arts, culture and creative industries has a subsequent broader impact on places, society or the economy through the overflow of concepts, ideas, skills, knowledge and different types of capital.

What is a spillover effect?

1. To better understand what evidence exists on a European-wide level on spillover effects of public investment in arts and culture

2. To develop an interdisciplinary and shared understanding of the methods of gathering evidence around spillovers

3. To recommend suitable methodologies for measuring spillover effects

4. To promote consistent and credible research methods to enable sector and public authorities to improve effective policy making and resource allocation

5. To understand spillover effects that arise as a consequence of investment by public or private stakeholders in the arts, culture and creative industries.

Research aims

• Over 100 items consisting of a mixture of academicstudies, evaluations, literature reviews, case studies, abstracts of proposed studies and reports by government committees and government departments.

• A systematic review of additional literature

The evidence library

1. Delivery of 100 pieces of evidence, contributed by research partners

2. Secondary evidence review3. High level quality and relevance assessment of the evidence

Conceptual framing Transparency Appropriateness Cultural sensitivity Validity Reliability Cogency

4. Classification according to an existing framework for mapping spillover effects:• Knowledge spillovers• Industry spillovers• Network spillovers

5. Individual and whole library analysis to reveal gaps and key findings through an iterative approach that sees strength in repetition of themes

Methodology

1. Stimulating creativity and encouraging potential2. Increasing visibility, tolerance and cultural exchange

between communities3. Changing attitudes in participation and openness

toward the arts4. New forms of organisation5. Knowledge exchange and culture-led innovation6. Strengthening cross-border and cross-sector

collaborations7. Increase in employability and skills development in

societye.g. “Creative professionals such as designers, advertisers, software developers, but also professionals in film and television industries may be employed outside the creative industries, bringing with them new techniques, ideas and ways of working. Or, they may start spin-off companies in a different sector” Tallinn University Estonian Institute for Futures Studies 2011

KnowledgeNetworkIndustry

KnowledgeNetworkIndustry

1. Improved business culture and entrepreneurship2. Changes to the property market3. Encouraging private and foreign investment4. Impacts on productivity, profitability and

competitiveness5. Innovation and digital technologye.g. “Creative industries highlight not just the economic value of creativity and origination, for example entrepreneurial artistry and vice versa, but also the significant economic value created from the re-use of ideas in general and copyrighted material in particular” ESSnet-Culture 2012

KnowledgeNetworkIndustry

1. Social cohesion and community development and integration

2. Health and wellbeing3. Ecosystem and creative milieu, city branding and

place making4. Economic impact from clusters and regions5. Urban development, regeneration and

infrastructuree.g. “Creative entrepreneurs – often in their start-up phase – are looking for low-cost working spaces. Perhaps these cultural entrepreneurs do not make much money. Yet they create interesting activities, organize events, exhibitions, they attract people to an area, build social networks, exchange new and innovative ideas. And they do not mind adopting ‘bohemian lifestyles’. They treasure places that are ‘different’, with a specific cultural identity” CURE 2014

There are three strong areas of evidence:1. Innovation2. Health and well-being3. City milieu and place-making

We’ve noticed the following:• Spillover effects cluster around economic outcomes – with

a noticeable lack around education, social outcomes and cultural outcomes

• Qualitative methods are lacking as a result• The evidence library is ‘Anglo-heavy’ – even partners

outside of the UK or Ireland submitted evidence from outside the region

Preliminary findings

• There is less compelling evidence of the effect of culture on innovation, because each impact is at one further degree of separation.

• Evidence investigating the ‘ecology’ – i.e. the flow back of spillover effects back into the arts and culture and creative industries

• Health and well-being studies are compelling evidence but would benefit from counter-factuals and longitudinal research

• The interdependencies of public funding of the arts and culture and creative industries

The nearest any of the reports get to proving causality in creative and cultural spillovers is in the field of creative industries and innovation.

Gaps and causality

1. Majority of projects do not set out to directly capture spillovers

2. Reluctance to engage with other, non-economic impact 3. Limited credible causal impact4. Difficult to develop a fresh narrative out of existing

approaches

Challenges and limitations

Potential methodologies to explore• Experimental research using impact evaluation techniques• Longitudinal studies for health and wellbeing • Cluster analysis

Future research• European research agenda going forward• How we can co-create the next research stage with the

arts and culture and creative industries sectors

What next?

Join the debate from 11th June 2015 https://ccspillovers.wikispaces.com/

Join the debate from 11th June at https://ccspillovers.wikispaces.com/

Toby Dennett toby.dennett@artscouncil.ieRichard Russell richard.russell@artscouncil.org.uk