RICHARD ROGERS

Life history

Born 23 july 1933 in Florence,Italy.

British architect known for mordernist and functional designs

Graduated in Architecture Association School in London

Pursued a masters degree in architecture at Yale on a Fulbright Scholarship

Important Buildings

Centre Pompidou, at Paris, France, 1972 to 1976. PA Technology Center UK, at Hertfordshire, England, 1975 to 1983. Lloyds Building, at London, England, 1979 to 1984. INMOS Factory, at Newport, South Wales, 1980 to 1982. PA Technology Center, at Princeton, New Jersey, 1982. Palais des Droits de l'Homme, at Strasbourg, France, 1989 to 1995.  at ArchitectureWeek 88 Wood Street, at London, England, 1993 to 2001. Millennium Dome, at London, England, 1999. Barajas New Area Terminal (NAT), with Estudio Lamela, at Madrid, Spain, 2005 National Assembly for Wales, at Cardiff, Wales, 2006

Philosophy

o Inside out architectureo Prefabrication and structural simplicityo Exposing most of the building services (water, heating and ventilation ducts, and stairs)o internal spaces open for visitors

This can be broken down around the ideas of technology flexibility people’s place experimental architecture + innovation legible exposure of building components

Philosophy

Technology both literally and architecturally•Considering inspiration from futuristic architecture, technology has been at the heart of bowellism.•Apart from designing generally hi-tech buildings he has made immense use of passive heating/cooling strategies including natural ventilation stacks, energy efficient curtain wall systems with 1 metre air space using automatic motorized roller shades, orienting building on site to best utilize sunlight, view cones etc.• And the hi-tech ‘look’ of building is achieved with use of shiny aluminium panels, large movable curtain walls making use of spider clips etc.

Philosophy

Flexibility inside and outside•Buildings must be designed and positioned on site for future expansion. •The inside of the buildings are generally large open flexible spaces designed with movable walls since there is no interruptions from the structure and plumbing systems.

People’s place•Rogers’ buildings often have huge atriums that connect the inside to the outside. •Special attention is also paid to the circulation in the building, usually located centrally in the atrium space that provides a democratic nature that serves not only the occupants but also the public. •Even in residential designs, the living room is thought as a piazza where the central location facilitates socializing.

Philosophy

Experimental architecture + research and development•Innovation has always been on RR’s mind.• He was inspired by Bucky’s Dymaxion house not only in terms of innovation but also pre-fabrication.• I specially found his “Modular high-rise – Industrialized housing system” project very interesting where he explores how a skyscraper can be built with using factory assembled apartment units.• I felt so inspired by his experimental projects because they were ambitious, innovation but also practical and well thought out.

Philosophy

Spilling the guts out•And finally, lets talk about RR’s philosophy of placing the mechanical, electrical and structural systems on the outside of the building (bowellism). •This is done beautifully by colour coding all systems and making them graphically legible. •It adds visual interest, clear sense of hierarchy, legibility and unique look to the buildings.•This style makes sense since it supports technology, flexibility and experimental nature of his work.

Lloyds Building, London

Section

1reception 2.exhibition 3.underwriters 4.viewing gallery 5atrium 6.office 7.roof terrace 8.cloakrooms 9.plant

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2

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4

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Lowerbasement plan

1. Boiler 2. substation 3. generator 4. chillers 5. maintainance staff 6. air handling plant 7. strong room 8. goods lift 9. vehicle dock 10. vehicle lift 11. Squash court

Upper basement plan

1. Staff mess room 2. Mail room 3. Female 4. Male lavotories 5. Cleaners 6. Liveried staff 7. Telephone exchange 8. Offices 9. cloakroom 10. kitchen 11. Black box park 12. Old special dining

Lower ground level plan

1. Staff mess room 2 . mail room 3. female lovatories 4. male lovatories 5. maintainence 6. cleaners 7. liveried staff 8. telephone exchange 9. offices 10. cloakrooms 11. kitchens 12. black box park 13. old special dining room

Ground level plan

1. Underwriters entrance 2. Restaurant 3. Bar 4. Kitchen 5. Conference room 6. Exhibition space 7. library

Galleries 5and 6

1. Atrium 2. Office space

Galleries 11

1. Atrium 2. Special dining room 3. Admin room

Description

The Lloyds Building, consisting of twelve stories to the north, stepping down to six stories to the south.

Presently, the Lloyds Building with its 52,200 square metres gross area (37,500 square metres net area)

"The Room" takes all the area of the ground floor and extends into the upper second, third, and fourth floors.

Office spaces take up the remaining upper floors.

GENERAL INFORMATION

The basic form of the building is that of a large atrium, surmounted by steel and glass arched roof, surrounded by galleries (12levels of them on the north side)

Natural lighting

Stepping Form

The Lloyds Building, consisting of twelve stories to the north, stepping down to six stories to the south, sunlight penetration thus utilized.

the incorporation of the atrium

The atrium was a key feature in the reduction of the loads coming from lighting. The atrium increases in volume and surface area as it progresses toward the south.

The office levels increase as the progress northward allowing a large surface area for diffused light coming from the north.

A significant amount of natural lighting reaching down into "The Room" demonstrates the success in the design of the atrium.

Furthermore, every location in the building is located within 7 meters from a natural source of light.

Strategy 2 – served & servant

the served and servant

It was Kahn’s notion of ‘served’ and ‘servant’ spaces inspired Rogers. In the case of Llyods, servant spaces concentrate in towers.

Served zone

Servant towers with incorporation of raised flooring system and ceiling viod

Servant tower –plan

Served zone

Servant towers with incorporation of raised flooring system and ceiling void

The services towers, 3 of them principally for fire fighting and escape.

The other 3 for lifts, lavatories and risers, are the visual expression of the Kahnian doctrine of ‘served and servant spaces’

Tower – vertical planning

The towers form a flexible framework for the ventilation plant, lifts, service risers and lavatories (all the 33 lavatory units were manufactured and fitted out) attached to them.

Four towers carry major plant-rooms, with mains services running vertically down the towers and connected into each level of the building.

The largest services duct contained the air-conditioning, with lesser duct for water, drains, power and electronics

The towers carry majors plant rooms on top

Main services running vertically down the towers

Tower – detailed layout

Typical detailed layout services tower

All the 33 prefabricated lavatory pods were brought to the site on trucks and then hoisted into position prior to linking up to the service riser

Access and escape routes were provided by means of lifts and staircases

service risers with ducts for water, drains, power and electronics running vertically down the towers and connected into each level of the building

The largest services duct contained the air-conditioning running vertically down the towers and connected into each level of the building.

Served zone

Air cond. & heat cycle2

The heat cycleHeat from the return air is collected in the basement sprinkler tanks and re-used. The internal concrete soffits and slabs are ‘heat sinks’, absorbing heat during occupation and being cooled off overnight using naturally chilled night air.

This allow cooling to follow a 24-hour cycle and reduces the peak cooling requirement.

Air handling equipment is located at basement level and in four service tower plant-rooms.

Atrium Light steel roof

Design of the atrium roof

A lightweight contrast to the concrete superstructure of the building

A significant amount of natural lighting reaching down into G/F demonstrates the success in the design of the atrium.

mains services running vertically down the towers and connected into each level of the building through the raised floor and ceiling void.

The layers of structure, services and cladding articulate the elevation

Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris By Renzo Piano , Richard Rogers , 1971–1977

"Technology cannot be an end in itself but must aim at solving long term social and ecological problems.“ — Richard Rogers

The team's architectural intention

Building on the lines of an "evolving spatial diagram".Large degree of flexibility.Facades that would be "information surfaces.“To maximise spatial movement and flow Design Phase

1.A 3-level infrastructure housing the technical facilities and service areas,2.A vast 7-level glass and steel superstructure, including a terrace and mezzanine floor

The style revealed structure exposed ducts machine-precision aesthetics

VENTILATION DUCTS• Exposed first Time

COLOUR-CODED DUCTS

Movement and flow• Maximise functional movement and flow• Inside out.--Free from circulation and servicing• Attractive differences rather than soft-edged harmony.• The building portrays its own datum .• This public display of components---steel skeleton and diagonal bracing as outcome of interior requirement.• Unobstructed and adaptable interior volumes

The exterior zone of the structural frame is there to provide tension forces outside the main volume's external columns, pulling the cantilevered horizontal members downward to reduce the bending forces on the floor span.-- eliminates the need for supporting columns across the interior span of 157 feet (53.3 meters)mechanical and air-conditioning services are then placed in the exoskeletal frame.

Air

Fluids

Electricity cables

Movement and flow (elevators)Safety (fire extinguishers).

Inside Pompidou

Public access to the museum areas is not from the escalator tubes, as the building exterior seems to suggest, but from doors located centrally at the lower edge of the plaza

Double-height interior forum connects the street level with the plaza level in a single volume .

Plaza-level reception area also looks down into a performance-level basement where a theater and meeting rooms are situated.

An interior escalator takes visitors to the street level on the northwest corner of the building

Small lobby connects to elevators and the exterior escalator.-- visitors can already look down 46 feet-- In reality, the escalator serves only the mezzanine, level four, and level six–

Horizontal circulation platforms occur inside the frame — most of them restricted to staff access and emergency exits.

Critical Structural Issues – Achieving column free space

In plan, the superstructure of the building consists of three zones.

1.The middle zone contains the 157-foot clear span across the building interior between the main columns.

2.The outside two zones make up structural wall frames to support and cantilever.

Outer tension in the wall frame act to reduce the bending moments on the center of the span

As a Building

Turning the building inside out was the most successfully realized architectural intention.

Static monumentalism is out dynamic servicing and flexible floor space is in.

• A symbol of process and technology

A ceiling isn't required to shape a space, as many urban spaces. Our vision is more oriented to the horizontal than to the vertical.

Structural exhibitionism

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