RICHARDL.KREMER

CurriculumVitae,April2017http://dartmouth.edu/faculty-directory/richard-lynn-kremer

DepartmentofHistory Home:6107CarsonHall 78MapleStreetDartmouthCollege WestLebanon,NH03784Hanover,NH03755 603-322-3210603-646-2228 richard.kremer@dartmouth.edu

EDUCATION

1984Ph.D. HarvardUniversity,HistoryofScience

1978M.A. HarvardUniversity,HistoryofScience

1980-82 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,Munich,Institutf.Philosophie

1975-76 AssociatedMennoniteBiblicalSeminariesandUniversityofNotreDame,Philosophicaltheology

1975B.A. GoshenCollege,Goshen,IN,PhysicsandReligion

APPOINTMENTS

1993- AssociateProfessor(withtenure),DartmouthCollege,DepartmentofHistory

1987-93 AssistantProfessor,DartmouthCollege,DepartmentofHistoryandtheScienceDivision(jointappointment)

1985-87 MellonAssistantProfessor,DartmouthCollege,DepartmentofHistory

1984-85 VisitingFaculty,UniversityofNewHampshire,DepartmentofHistory

1982-84 Instructor,HarvardUniversity,DepartmentoftheHistoryofScience

1978-80 TeachingFellow,HarvardUniversity,DepartmentoftheHistoryofScience

PROFESSIONALMEMBERSHIPS

HistoryofScienceSociety

BritishSocietyfortheHistoryofScience

EuropeanSocietyfortheHistoryofScience

CommissionfortheHistoryofAncientandMedievalAstronomy(withintheInternationalUnionoftheHistoryandPhilosophyofScience)

ScientificInstrumentCommission(alsoIUHPS)

ScientificInstrumentSociety

SigmaXi,Fullmember

HONORS,AWARDSANDFELLOWSHIPS

2015 Guestscholar,“MathematicalSciencesintheAncientWorld”fundedbytheEuropeanResearchCouncil,UniversitédeParisDiderot,€2800fortwo-monthworkingvisit

2011 Académieinternationaled’histoiredessciences,electedcorrespondingmember

Kremer CV 2/21

2011 StiftungPreußischerKulturbesitz,StaatsbibliothekzuBerlin,€1700foronemonthresearchonsixteenth-centuryprintedcalendersandalmanacs.

2011 MaxPlanckInstituteforHistoryofScience,Berlin,€21,500forsixmonthsresearchonthehistoryofastronomicaltablesandtabularwritingformats

2007 NationalScienceFoundation,ScienceandTechnologyStudies,$120,000towriteamonographonthe“CopernicanRevolutionFromBelow”

2006 AlexandervonHumboldtFoundation,€2300forashort-termworkingvisittotheUniversityofLeipzig

2005 NominatedfortheJosephH.HazenEducationPrizeoftheHistoryofScienceSociety(“exemplaryteachingandeducationalservice”)

2003-4 NationalScienceFoundation,ScienceandTechnologyStudies,$10,000foran“InternationalConferenceonUniversityCollectionsofHistoricScientificInstruments,”co-PIwithDavidA.Pantalony

2001-2 NationalScienceFoundation,ScienceandTechnologyStudies,$20,000foradigitaleditionofRegimontanus’sDefenseofTheon

2001 HerzogAugustBibliothek,Wolfenbüttel,$2700fortwo-monthresidentialfellowshipforresearchonCopernicusandsixteenth-centuryastrology

2000 IREXShort-TermTravelGrant,$1900fortraveltoSt.PetersburgtoexaminethreeRegiomontanusautographmanuscripts

1998-01 NationalScienceFoundation,ScienceandTechnologyStudiesScholarsAward,$51,000forresearchonRegiomontanusandfifteenth-centuryastronomy

1998-99 DartmouthCollegeSeniorFacultyFellowship,quarteryearleavewithsalary

1997 SigmaXi,TheScientificResearchSociety,electedFullMember

1994 TheGeorgeA.andElizaGardnerHowardFoundation,$18,000forResearchFellowship$18,000

1994 HumboldtResearchFellowship,$30,000foryearinMunich

1993 RockefellerCenter,Dartmouth,InterdisciplinaryResearchGrant,$10,000forcollaborationwithJ.Dobrzycki,PolishAcademyofSciences,tostudyfifteenth-centuryastronomy

1993 HistoryofScienceSociety,TravelGrant,$800toattendconferenceinSpain

1993 NationalEndowmentfortheHumanities,SpecialTravelGrant,$700forresearchinPoland,GermanyandtheCzechRepublic

1990-91 HumboldtResearchFellowship,$33,000foryearinMunich

1990-91 FulbrightSeniorResearchFellowship,FederalRepublicofGermany(declined)

1990-91 DartmouthCollegeJuniorFacultyFellowship,quarteryearleavewithsalary

1988 GermanAcademicExchangeService(DAAD),$7000forfourmonthsinBerlin

1988 AmericanCouncilofLearnedSocieties,TravelGrant,$800toattendconferenceinGermanDemocraticRepublic

1985-86 NationalScienceFoundation,SummerScholarsAward,$5000forpreparationofHelmholtzedition

1985 NationalEndowmentfortheHumanities,Travel-to-CollectionsGrant,$500forresearchinBerlin

1985 CentralUniversityResearchFund,UniversityofNewHampshire,$500forHelmholtzedition

Kremer CV 3/21

1982-83 GermanAcademicExchangeService(DAAD),DoctoralResearch,$30,000fortwoyearsinMunich

1980-81 SocialScienceResearchCouncil,InternationalDoctoralResearchFellow,$8000foroneyearinMunich

1977 SocietyforValuesinHigherEducation,namedFullMember

1976-80 DanforthDoctoralFellow,TheDanforthFoundation,fouryearssupportforgraduatestudyatHarvard

BOOKS

10.Howdowritingsintheearlyastralsciencesrevealmathematicalpracticesandpractitioners?SpecialissueofCentaurus58/1-2(2016),co-editedwithMatthieuHusson.

9.InstrumentsonDisplay(ScientificInstrumentsandCollections,4).Co-editedwithGiorgioStrano,MaraMiniatiandSilkeAckermann.Leiden:Brill,2014.

8.JohannHeveliusandhisworld:Astronomer,cartographer,philosopherandcorrespondent(StudiaCopernicana,44).Co-editedwithwithJarosławWłodarczyk.Warsaw:PolishAcademyofSciences,2013.

7.Regiomontanus’sDefenseofTheonagainstGeorgeofTrebizond,ca.1465-75.Acriticaledition,co-editedwithMichaelShank.DartmouthCollegeLibraryDigitalEdition,2010.Availableathttp://regio.dartmouth.edu/chapters.html.

6.JerzyDobrzycki,SelectedpapersonmedievalandRenaissanceastronomy(StudiaCopernicana,43).Co-editedwithJaroslawWłodarczyk.Warsaw:PolishAcademyofSciences,2010.

5.JohannesKepler,fromTübingentoZagan(StudiaCopernicana,42).Co-editedwithJaroslawWlodarczyk.Warsaw:PolishAcademyofSciences,2009.

4.ThecirculationofastronomicalknowledgeinearlymodernEurope(Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,38/3).Co-editedwithJoséChabas.Cambridge:ScienceHistoryPublicationsLtd,2007.

3.Study,measure,experiment:StoriesofscientificinstrumentsatDartmouth.Co-authoredwithDavidPantalonyandFrancisManasek.Norwich,VT:TerraNovaPress;distributedbyUniversityPressofNewEngland,2005.

2.Thethermodynamicsoflifeandexperimentalphysiology,1770-1880.NewYork:GarlandPublishing,Inc.,1990.

1.LettersofHermannvonHelmholtztohiswife,1847-1859.BoethiusReihe,xxiii.Stuttgart:FranzSteinerVerlag,1990.

ARTICLESINREFEREEDJOURNALS

21.“Playingwithgeometricaltools:JohannesStabius’sAstrolabiumimperatorium(1515)anditssuccessors.”Centaurus58(2016),104-34.

20.Introduction:Howdowritingsintheearlyastralsciencesrevealmathematicalpracticesandpractitioners?Centaurus58(2016),1-5.

19.“SimonMariusalstychonischerKalendermacher.”Actahistoricaastronomiae,57(2016),311-60.

18.“Heveliusasanastronomicaltablemaker.”StudiaCopernicana44(2013),137-57.

17.“HansSporer’sxylographicpractices:AcensusofRegiomontanus’sblockbookcalendar.”BibliothekundWissenschaft,46(2013),161-87.

16.“MarcusSchinnagel’swingedaltarpieceof1489:Astronomicalcomputationinaliturgicalformat.”Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,43(2012),321-45.

Kremer CV 4/21

15.“TheSN393–SNRRXJ1713.7-3946(G347.3-0.5)connection”(withRobertA.Fesen,DanielPatnaude,andDanMilisavljevic).Astronomicaljournal,143:2(2012),6pp.doi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/2/27.

14.“Experimentingwithpaperinstrumentsinfifteenth-andsixteenth-centuryastronomy:Computingsyzygieswithisotemporallinesandsaltdishes.”Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,42(2011),223-58.

13.“CalculatingwithAndreasAurifaber:AnewsourceforCopernicanastronomyin1540,”Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,41(2010),483-502.

12.“KeplerandtheGrazCalendarMakers:Computationalfoundationsofastrologicalprognostication.”StudiaCopernicana,42(2009),77-100.

11.“Atimetokeepandatimetocastaway:Thoughtsonacquisitionsforuniversityinstrumentcollections.”Rittenhouse,22(2008),188-210.

10.“‘Abbreviating’theAlfonsineTablesinCracow:TheTabulaeAureaeofPetrusGaszowiec(1448).”Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,38(2007),283-304.

9.“WenzelFaber’stableforfindingtruesyzygy.”Centaurus,45(2003),305-29.

8.“ThoughtsonJohnofSaxony’smethodforfindingtruesyzygy.”Historiamathematica,30(2003),263-77.

7.“Alfonsinemeridians:Traditionversusexperienceinastronomicalpracticec.1500”(withJerzyDobrzycki).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,29(1998),187-99.

6.“PeurbachandMaraghaastronomy?TheephemeridesofJohannesAngelusandtheirimplications”(withJerzyDobrzycki).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,27(1996),187-237.

5.“DefendingLavoisier:TheFrenchAcademy’sprizecompetitionof1821.”Historyandphilosophyofthelifesciences,8(1986),41-65.

4.“ChildofSaturn:TheRenaissancechurchtoweratNiederaltaich”(withA.Carr).Sixteenthcenturyjournal17(1986),401-34.

3.“Walther’ssolarobservations:AreplytoR.R.Newton.”QuarterlyjournaloftheRoyalAstronomicalSociety24(1983),36-47.

2.“TheuseofBernardWalther’sastronomicalobservations:Theoryandobservationinearlymodernastronomy.”Journalforthehistoryofastronomy12(1981),124-32.

1.“BernardWalther’sastronomicalobservations.”Journalforthehistoryofastronomy11(1980),174-91.

ARTICLESINEDITEDVOLUMES(PEERREVIEWEDMARKEDWITH*)

26.*”Astrologicaltimeinpublicspace:TheGörlitzArachne(1550)andplanetaryhours.”InHeavenandearthinconflict:Understandinginstrumentsinastrologicalcontexts,pp.xx-yy.Ed.RichardDunnandSilkeAckermann.Leiden:Brill,inpress(2017).

25.*“ExperienceandobservationinGreco-Romanastronomy.”InAncientastronomyinitsMediterraneancontext(300BC–AD300),ABrillcompanion,pp.xx-yy.Ed.AlanC.BowenandFrancescaRochberg.Leiden:Brill,inpress(2017).

24.*“Incunablealmanacsandpracticaaspracticalknowledgeproducedintradingzones.”InThestructuresofpracticalknowledge,pp.333-369.Ed.MatteoValleriani.Berlin:Springer,2017.

23.“SellingmathematicalinstrumentsinAmericabeforetheprintedtradecatalog.”InHowscientificinstrumentshavechangedhands,pp.171-211.Ed.AlisonD.Morrison-Low,SaraJ.SchechnerandPaoloBrenni.Leiden:Brill,2017.

22.”GalileoinDanzig,asportrayedinPeterCrüger’sSchreibkalender.”InTintenfassundTeleskop:GalileoimSchnittpunktwissenschaftlicher,literarischerundvisuellerKulturenim

Kremer CV 5/21

europäischen17.Jahrhundert,pp.103-24.Ed.AndreaAlbrecht,GiovannaCordibellaandVolkerRemmert.Berlin:deGruyter,2014.

21.*“Talk,tariffsandtrade:RestrictingtheglobalcirculationofscientificinstrumentsinBritainaftertheFirstWorldWar.”InScientificinstrumentsinthehistoryofscience:Studiesintransfer,useandpreservation,pp.117-42.Ed.MarcusGranatoandMartaC.Lourenço.RiodeJaneiro:MuseudeAstronomiaeCiênciasAfins,2014.

20.*“LookingatscientificinstrumentsondisplayattheUnitedStatesCentennialExhibitionof1876.”InScientificinstrumentsondisplay,pp.109-31.Ed.SilkeAckermann,RichardL.KremerandMaraMiniati.Leiden:Brill,2014.

19.“Mathematicalastronomyandcalendar-makinginGdańskfrom1540to1700.”InAstronomie–Literatur–Volksaufklärung:DerSchreibkalenderderFrühenNeuzeitmitseinemText-undBildbeigaben,pp.477-92.Ed.Klaus-DieterHerbst.Jena:VerlagHKD,2012.

18.*“Educatingthehigh-speedeye:HaroldE.Edgerton’searlyvisualconventions.”InTheeducatedeye:Visualcultureandpedagogyinthelifesciences,pp.186-212.Ed.NancyAndersonandMichaelR.Dietrich.Hanover:DartmouthCollegePress,2012.

17.“ReformingAmericanphysicspedagogyinthe1880s:Introducing‘learningbydoing’viastudentlaboratoryexercises.”InLearningbydoing,pp.243-80.Ed.PeterHeeringandRolandWittje.Stuttgart:FranzSteinerVerlag,2011.

16.“WarBernhardWalther,NürnbergerastronomischerBeobachterdes15.Jahrhunderts,aucheinTheoretiker?”InAstronomieinNürnberg,pp.156-83.Ed.GudrunWolfschmidt.Hamburg:treditionscience,2010.

15.*“Physiology.”InTheCambridgehistoryofscience,vol.6,Themodernbiologicalandearthsciences,pp.342-66.Ed.PeterJ.BowlerandJohnV.Pickstone.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2009.

14.“Schreibkalenderunddiecopernicanische‘Revolutionvonunten’.”InVerzeichnisderSchreibkalenderdes17.Jahrhunderts,pp.39-42.Ed.Klaus-DieterHerbst.Jena:VerlagHKD,2008.

13.*“JohnofMurs,WenzelFaberandthecomputationoftruesyzygyinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturies.”InMathematicscelestialandterrestrial:FestschriftfürMensoFolkertszum65.Geburtstag,ActaHistoricaLeopoldina54(2008),147-60.

12.“HaroldE.Edgerton’searlyhigh-speedmoviecameras.”InEastandWest,thecommonEuropeanheritage:ProceedingsoftheXXVScientificInstrumentSymposium,pp.171-76.Cracow:JagiellonianUniversityMuseum,2006.

11.*“Copernicusamongtheastrologers:Apreliminarystudy.”InAstronomyasamodelforthesciencesinearlymoderntimes,pp.225-52.Ed.MensoFolkertsandAndreasKühne.Augsburg:RaunerVerlag,2006.

10.“Inventinginstrumentsandusers:HaroldEdgertonandtheGeneralRadioCompany,1932-1970.”InWhoneedsscientificinstruments?,pp.253-62.Ed.BartGrobandHansHooijmaijers.Leiden:MuseumBoerhaave,2006.

9.*“Texttotrophy:ShiftingrepresentationsofRegiomontanus’slibrary.”InLostlibraries:Thedestructionofgreatbookcollectionssinceantiquity,pp.75-90.Ed.JamesRaven.London:PalgraveMacmillan,2004.

8.“TheVancouverConferenceon‘AstronomyanditsHistories’.”Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,32(2001),187.

7.“Theeyeasinscriptiondeviceinthe1870s:Optograms,cameras,andthephotochemistryofvision.”InBiologyintegratingscientificfundamentals:Contributionstothehistoryofinterrelationsbetweenbiology,chemistry,andphysicsfromthe18thtothe20thcenturies,pp.359-81.Ed.BrigitteHoppe.Munich:InstitutfürGeschichtederNaturwissenschaften,1997.ReprintedinDerekOgbourne,Theshutterofdeath:Aninvestigationintooptography(London:Lulu,2007),29-43;2deditionasEncyclopediaofoptography(London:MuswellPress,2008),61-75.

Kremer CV 6/21

6.*“Gleaningsfromthearchives?The‘HelmholtzIndustry’andunpublishedsources.”InUniversalgenieHelmholtz:Rückblicknach100Jahren,pp.379-400.Ed.LorenzKrüger.Berlin:Akademie-Verlag,1994.

5.*“Innovationthroughsynthesis:Helmholtzandcolorresearch.”InHermannvonHelmholtzandtheFoundationsofNineteenth-CenturyScience,pp.205-58.Ed.DavidCahan.Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1993.

4.“Kommentar”(withGoedelievevanHeteren).InJohannesMüllerunddiePhilosophie,pp.293-99.Ed.MichaelHagnerandBettinaWahrig-Schmidt.Berlin:AkademieVerlag,1992.

3.“Frompsychophysicstophenomenalism:MachandHeringoncolorvision.”InTheinventionofphysicalscience:Intersectionsofmathematics,theologyandnaturalphilosophysincetheseventeenthcentury,pp.147-73.Ed.MaryJoNye,JoanRichardsandRogerStuewer.Dordrecht:KluwerAcademicPublishers,1992.

2.*“BuildinginstitutesforphysiologyinPrussia,1836-1846:Contexts,interestsandrhetoric.”InThelaboratoryrevolutioninmedicine,pp.72-109.Ed.AndrewCunninghamandPerryWilliams.Cambridge:TheUniversityPress,1992.ExcerptsreprintedinDeborahBrunton,ed.,Medicinetransformed:Health,diseaseandsocietyinEurope,1800-1930(Manchester:ManchesterUniversityPress,2004).

1.“BetweenWissenschaftandpraxis:ExperimentalmedicineandthePrussianstate,1807-1850.”In'EinsamkeitundFreiheit'neubesichtigt:UniversitätsreformenundDisziplinenbildunginPreussenalsModellfürWissenschaftspolitikimEuropades19.Jahrhunderts,pp.155-70.Ed.GertSchubring.Stuttgart:FranzSteinerVerlag,1991.

BOOKREVIEWSANDENCYCLOPEDIAENTRIES

45.ReviewofFabrizioBònoli,etal.,eds.,IpronosticidiDomenicoMariadaNovara(Florence:Olschki,2012),Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,inpress.

44.ReviewofJoséChabásandBernardR.Goldstein,AsurveyofEuropeanastronomicaltablesinthelateMiddleAges(Leiden:Brill,2012).Aestimatio,inpress.

43.ReviewofMiguelÁ.Granada,ed.,Novasycometasentre1572y1618:Revolucíoncosmológicayrenovaciónpolíticayreligiosa(Barcelona:UniversitatdeBarcelonaPublicacionsIEdicions,2012).SudhoffsArchiv,inpress.

42.ReviewofMonicaAzzolini,Thedukeandthestars:AstrologyandpoliticsinRenaissanceMilan(Cambridge:HarvardUP,2013).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,inpress.

41.ReviewofDieterBlume,MechthildHaffnerandWolfgangMetzger,SternenbilderdesMittelalters:DergemalteHimmelzwischenWissenschaftundPhantasie,Bd.1,800-1200(Berlin:AkademieVerlag,2012).Isis,106(2015),705-7.

40.ReviewofNickyReeves,“Constructinganinstrument:NevilMaskelyneandthezenithsector,1760-1774,”PhDdissertation,UniversityofCambridge,2008.DissertationReviews,http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/7703(postedMarch2014).

39.ReviewofJonathanGreen,Printingandprophecy:Prognosticationandmediachange,1450-1550(AnnArbor:UofMichiganPress,2012).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,44(2013),118-19.

38.ReviewofGiorgioStrano,etal.,eds.Europeancollectionsofscientificinstruments,1550-1750(Leiden:Brill,2009).Annalsofscience,inpress(onlineOct2011).DOI:10.1080/00033790.2010.518771.

37.ReviewofMiguelÁngelGranadaandÉdouardMehl,eds.,Nouveauciel,nouvelleterre:Larévolutioncoperniciennedansl’allemagnedelaréforme(1530-1630)(Paris:Lesbelleslettres,2009).Isis,102(2011),165-66.

36.ReviewofAnitaMcConnell,JesseRamsden(1735-1800),London’sleadingscientificinstrumentmaker(Aldershot:Ashgate,2007).Nuncius,25(2010),421-23.

Kremer CV 7/21

35.“Copernicus,Derevolutionibusorbiumcoelestium.”KindlersLiteratur-Lexikon,3ded.,ix:302-3.Stuttgart:Metzler,2009.

34.EssayreviewofNorettaKoertge,editor-in-chief,Newdictionaryofscientificbiography,8vols.(Detroit:ThomsonGale,2008).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,40(2009),467-72.

33.EssayreviewofWilliamClark,Academiccharismaandtheoriginsoftheresearchuniversity(Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,2006).Isis,99(2008),808-10.

32.ReviewofMichaelJ.Crowe,MechanicsfromAristotletoEinstein(SantaFe:GreenMountainPress,2007).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,39(2008),127.

31.ReviewofKlausHentschel,GaußensunsichtbareHand:DerUniversitäts-MechanicusundMaschinen-InspectorMoritzMeyerstein:EinInstrumentenbauerim19.Jahrhundert(Göttingen:Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht,2005).Isis,98(2007),649-50.

30.EssayreviewofMiguelA.Granada,etal.,eds.,ChristophRothmannsHandbuchderAstronomievon1589(FrankfurtaM:Deutsch,2003)andJürgenHamel,DieastronomischeForschungeninKasselunterWilhelmIV(FrankfurtaM:Deutsch,2002).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,38(2007),125-29.

29.ReviewofSeanJ.Johnston,Ahistoryoflightandcolourmeasurement(Bristol:InstituteofPhysicsPublishing,2001).Britishjournalforthehistoryofscience,39(2006),442-44.

28.ReviewofJoséChabásandBernardR.Goldstein,TheAlfonsinetablesofToledo(Dordrecht:Kluwer,2003).Isis,96(2005),425-26.

27.ReviewofJohnRobertChristianson,ed.,TychoBraheandPrague,crossroadsofEuropeanscience:ProceedingsoftheInternationalSymposiumontheHistoryofScienceintheRudolphinePeriod,Prague,22-25October2001(FrankfurtaM:Deutsch,2002).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,36(2005),456-58.

26.ReviewofNicholasJ.WadeandJosefBrosek,Purkinje’svision:Thedawningofneuroscience(Mahwah,NJ:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Publishers,2001).Journalofthehistoryofthebehavioralsciences,39(2003),98-99.

25.ReviewofJoséChabásandBernardR.Goldstein,AstronomyintheIberianpeninsula:AbrahamZacutandthetransitionfrommanuscripttoprint(Philadelphia:AmericanPhilosophicalSociety,2000).Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,33(2002),291-92.

24.“Hayes,AugustusAllen(1806-1882).”Americannationalbiography,10:383-85.Ed.JohnA.GarratyandMarkC.Carnes.24vols.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1999.

23.ReviewofChristophSchöner,MathematikundAstronomieanderUniversitätIngolstadtim15.und16.Jahrhundert(Berlin:Duncker&Humblot,1994).InJournalforthehistoryofastronomy,30(1999),173-75.

22.ReviewofChristianBonah,LessciencesphysiologiquesenEurope:AnalysescomparéesduXIXesiècle(Paris:VRIN,1995).InIsis,89(1998),557-58.

21.ReviewofM.NortonWise,ed.,Thevaluesofprecision(Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1995).InCentaurus,40(1998),172-73.

20.ReviewofR.StevenTurner,Intheeye'smind:VisionandtheHelmholtz-Heringcontroversy(Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1994).InBritishjournalforthehistoryofscience,29(1996),482-83.

19.ReviewofHans-JörgRheinbergerandMichaelHagner,eds.,DieExperimentalisierungdesLebens:ExperimentalsystemeindenbiologischenWissenschaften1850/1950(Berlin:AkademieVerlag,1993).InBulletinofthehistoryofmedicine,70(1996),326-28.

18.ReviewofArleenTuchman,Science,medicine,andthestateofGermany:ThecaseofBaden,1815-1871(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1993).InIsis,86(1995),661-62.

17.ReviewofCarlFriedrichKielmeyer,UeberdieVerhältnißederorganischenKräfteuntereinanderinderReihederverschiedenenOrganisationen,dieGesezeundFolgendieserVerhältniße[1793],facsimileed.byK.T.Kanz(Marburg:Basilisken-Presse,1993)andK.T.Kanz,

Kremer CV 8/21

Kielmeyer-Bibliographie(Stuttgart:VerlagfürGeschichtederNaturwissenschaftenundderTechnik,1991).InIsis,86(1995),333-34.

16.ReviewofAlecEden,ThesearchforChristianDoppler(Vienna:Springer-Verlag,1992).InIsis,85(1994),708-9.

15.ReviewofArthurDonovan,AntoineLavoisier:Science,administrationandrevolution(Oxford:Blackwell,1993).InScience,266(1994),1890-91.

14.ReviewofJ.A.Henderson,Onthedistancesbetweensun,moon&earthaccordingtoPtolemy,Copernicus&Reinhold(Leiden:Brill,1991).InJournalforthehistoryofastronomy24(1993),148-50.

13.ReviewofM.Brümmer,StaatcontraUniversität:DieUniversitätHalle-WittenbergunddieKarlsbaderBeschlüsse,1819-1848(Weimar:BöhlausNachfolger,1991).InIsis83(1992),673-74.

12.ReviewofE.Zinner,EntstehungundAusbreitungderCopernicanischenLehre,2ded.(Munich:Beck,1988).InIsis82(1991),129-30.

11.ReviewofP.Gouk,TheivorysundialsofNuremberg1500-1700(Cambridge:WhippleMuseumoftheHistoryofScience,1988)andD.J.Bryden,Sundialsandrelatedinstruments(Cambridge:WhippleMuseumoftheHistoryofScience,1988).InIsis81(1990),104-5.

10.ReviewofJ.D.North,Horoscopesandhistory(London:WarburgInstitute,1986)andS.J.Tester,AhistoryofWesternastrology(Woolbridge:Boydell,1987).InSpeculum65(1990),206-9.

9.ReviewofD.E.Osterbrock,etal.,Eyeonthesky:LickObservatory’sfirstcentury(Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1988).InAmericanscientist77(1989),97-98.

8.ReviewofP.Zambelli,ed.,Astrologihallucinati:StarsandtheendoftheworldinLuther’stime(NewYork:WalterdeGruyter,1986).InJournalforthehistoryofastronomy20(1989),140-41.

7.ReviewofN.Reingold,ed.,ThepapersofJosephHenry,vol.5:January1841-December1843,ThePrincetonYears(Washington,D.C.:SmithsonianInstitutionPress,1985).InIsis78(1987),133-34.

6.ReviewofJ.W.DaubenandV.S.Sexton,eds.,Historyandphilosophyofscience:Selectedpapers(NewYork:NewYorkAcademyofSciences,1983).InIsis77(1986),519.

5.ReviewofF.W.Bessel,IchhabeEuchliebaberderHimmelistmirnäher:EineAutobiographieinBriefen,editedbyE.Schlieper(Minden:J.C.C.BrunsGmbH&Co.,1984).InJournalforthehistoryofastronomy17(1986),210-11.

4.ReviewofHermannvonHelmholtz,ÜberdieErhaltungderKraft,introductionbyH.-J.Treder,transcribedbyC.Kirsten(Weinheim:Physik-Verlag,1983).InIsis76(1985),281-82.

3.ReviewofW.Schröder,DisziplingeschichtealswissenschaftlicheSelbstreflexionderhistorischenWissenschaftsforschung(Bern:PeterLang,1982).InJournalforthehistoryofastronomy13(1982),215-17.

2.ReviewofG.W.F.Hegel,Lesorbitesdesplanètes(dissertationde1801),translationandintroductionbyF.deGandt(Paris:Vrin,1979).InJournalforthehistoryofastronomy12(1981),69-71.

1.ReviewofK.Pilz,600JahreAstronomieinNürnberg(Nuremberg:VerlagHansCarl,1977).InJournalforthehistoryofastronomy11(1980),208-10.

EXHIBITIONSCURATED

11.Mysteriesofagoldpocketwatch.KresgeLibrary,DartmouthCollege,May2015–December2015.

10.Wherearewe?Toolsfornavigationandsurveying.KresgeLibrary,DartmouthCollege,August2014–May2015.

Kremer CV 9/21

9.AghostofDartmouth’spast:TheDartmouthEyeInstitute.KresgeLibrary,DartmouthCollege,January-August2013.

8.Chartingtheuniverse:AstronomicalandsurveyinginstrumentsfromDartmouth’sKingCollection.KresgeLibrary,DartmouthCollege,March-December2012.

7.Morethanmeetstheeye:Theturntomechanicalobjectivity.KresgeLibrary,DartmouthCollege,September2010–August2011.

6.Beyondtrialanderror:Dartmouthstudentsenterthelaboratory.KresgeLibrary,DartmouthCollege,May-August2010.

5.Thespectacleofscience:Classroomdemonstrationapparatusfrom1780to1960.KresgeLibrary,DartmouthCollege,September2009–March2010.

4.“DieTheoriederSterne,”inEinKosmosdesWissens:WeltschriftenerbeinLeipzig(Leipzig:Universitätsbibliothek,2009),pp.60-73.Catalogueforexhibitionofsamename,attheUniversityofLeipzigLibrary(March-May2009),Grollier’sClubinNewYork(Sept-Nov2009)andHoustonPublicLibrary(Nov-Dec2009).

3.Countonit:Twohundredyearsofcomputation.Anexhibitof25artifactsandbooksfromDartmouth’sKingCollectionofScientificInstruments.KresgeLibrary,DartmouthCollege,May–September2006.

2.Scienceinthelibrary,1769-1869.Anexhibitofca.60booksandrelatedarchivalmaterials,illustratingthechangingroleofscienceatDartmouthduringthecollege’sfirstcentury.BakerLibrarycorridor,DartmouthCollege,May–November2004.

1.Illuminatinginstruments:StudyinglightatDartmouth.Anexhibitofca.40artifactsfromDartmouth’sKingCollectionofScientificInstruments.HarringtonGallery,HoodMuseumofArt,DartmouthCollege,June–October2004.

WORKS-IN-PROGRESS

Books

ThepracticeofAlfonsineastronomyinthefifteenthcentury:Fromtablestoalmanacsandprognostications.Single-authormonograph.

The‘CopernicanRevolution’from.Single-authormonograph.

Articles

“ConjunctionproblemsandtheoriginsoftheParisianAlfonsineTablesinthe1320s,”withMatthieuHusson,tobecompletedandsubmittedforpublicationlaterin2016.

“Inventingthe‘German’mountforlargetelescopes:ReversesalientandprecisionmechanicsinMunich,1800-1824.WithPaoloBrenni.

SELECTEDSEMINARSANDPUBLICLECTURES

67.“CrackingtheTabulaepermanentesofJohnofMurs,Paris,c.1321.”TabularAnalysisMethodsfortheHistoryoftheAstralSciences(TAMAS,SYRTE,ObservatoiredeParis),Workshop,Granada,Spain,January2017.

66.“Astrologyintheperiodicalpragmaticliteratureofthesixteenthcentury.”SixthSummerCourseonReformationHistory,ChairforEarlyModernHistory(Prof.Dr.BirgitEmich),UniversityofErlangen,July2016.

65.“ImmanuelBonfil’sBookofSixWings:Thecirculationofastronomicalknowledgeoverthreecenturies.”Colloquium,MünchnerZentrumfürWissenschafts-undTechnikgeschichte,Munich,July2016.

64.“CharlesA.Young,AlvanClarkandearlyAmericanastrophysicsbeforethediffractiongrating.”Harvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,InstituteforTheoryandComputationLuncheonColloquium,March2016.

Kremer CV 10/21

63.“Fraunhofer’s1824Dorpatrefractormount:Reversesalientandbigtelescopesinthe19thcentury.”Harvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,Colloquium,March2016.

62.“VonOstennachWestennachOsten,derWandeldesWissens:AstronomischeTabellendesspätenMittelaltersundderRenaissance.”StaatlicheKunstsammlungenDresden,November2015.

61.“Holland’ssurveyinginstruments:MadeinLondonorAmerica?”SamuelHolland250PublicLectureSeries,SamuelHollandCollege,Charlottetown,PrinceEdwardIsland,September2015.

60.“Manufacturingprecisioninthelatenineteenthcentury:SartoriusinGöttingenandFairbanksinSt.Johnsbury.”GesellschaftdeutscherChemiker,OrtsverbandBremen,UniversitätBremen,June2015.

59.“ConjunctionproblemsinJohnofMurs’sQuadripartitumnumerorumandsyzygycomputations”(withMatthieuHusson).EuropeanResearchCouncilseminaron“MathematicalSciencesintheAncientWorld”(SAW),ParisDiderotUniversité(Paris7),February2015.

58.“Frommedicinetoastronomy?Theorica,practicaandgenreinmedievalEurope.”Sciences,Philosophie,Histoire(ResearchUnitSPHERE),ParisDiderotUniversité(Paris7),February2015.

57.“Dialing,geometryandproofinearlysixteenth-centuryEurope:Stabius’spaperinstruments.”EuropeanResearchCouncilseminaron“MathematicalSciencesintheAncientWorld”(SAW),ParisDiderotUniversité(Paris7),January2015.

56.“Bringinguniversitystudentsintouniversitymuseums…ascurators.”InternationalSymposiumonPositioningAcademicHeritage:ChallengesforUniversities,MuseumsandSocietyinthe21stCentury,”GhentUniversity,November2013.

55.“ExploringthesocialworldsofthemedievalLatinastronomicalcodex.”EuropeanResearchCouncilseminaron“MathematicalSciencesintheAncientWorld”(SAW),ParisDiderotUniversité(Paris7),November2013.

54.“SamuelHolland,HisMajesty’sSurveyorofLandsfortheNorthernDistrict…atPrinceEdwardIsland(1765)andDartmouth(1771).”SamuelHollandCollege,Charlottetown,PrinceEdwardIsland,October2012.

53.“GalileoinDanzig.”TintenfassundTeleskop:GalileoGalileiimSchnittpunktwissenschaftlicher,literarischerundvisuellerKulturenimeuropäischen17.Jahrhundert,CentroItalo-Tedesco,VillaVigoni,LovenodiMenaggio,Italy,September2012.

52.“DieOrdnungdesastronomischenWissensimMittelalter.”37thInternationalerSommerkurs,DieOrdnungdesWissens–dermittelalterlicheWissenskosmos,HerzogAugustBibliothek,Wolfenbüttel,Germany,August2012.

51.“AcensusofallknowncopiesofRegiomontanus’sblockbookcalendar:Newtechnologies,newquestions,newfindings?”Symposiumon“Anexperimentalphaseinearlyprinting:Blockbooksofthefifteenthcentury,”BayerischeStaatsbibliothek,Munich,February2012.

50.“DanzigerundKönigsbergerKalenderim16.und17.Jahrhundert.”ScientificConferenceonEarlyModernSchreibkalenderasReflectedintheAltbenburgCalendarCollection,Altenburg,Germany,October2011.

49.“Heveliusasamakerofastronomicaltables,”HeveliusInternationalConference,Gdańsk,September2011.

48.“MarcusSchinnagel’swingedaltarpieceof1489:Astronomicalcomputationinasacredformat.”Workshoponthehistoryofnumericaltables,CNRS,Paris,May2011;workshopontables,MaxPlanckInstituteforHistoryofScience,Berlin,March2012

47.“TwogodlyastronomersfromWittenberg,orhowCopernicanismstarted.”3dCrawfordLecture,SchoolofHistory,UniversityofEdinburgh,May2011;GermanversionsattheDeutscheAkademiederNaturforscherLeopoldina,Halle;LehrstuhlfürWissenschaftsgeschichte,UniversitätRegensburg;HistorischesInstitut,UniversitätStuttgart,May-June2011.

Kremer CV 11/21

46.“Stepstowardgeoheliocentrism:Somediagrams.”MaxPlanckInstituteforHistoryofScience,Berlin,ExcellenceClusterTopoi,FormationandTransformationofSpaceandKnowledgeinAncientCivilizations,juniorscholars’workshop,March2011.

45.“Thinkingaboutrowsandcolumns:Ontables,writingformatsandthemakingandpreservingofknowledgeinearlyWesternAstronomy.”MaxPlanckInstituteforHistoryofScience,Berlin,GroupIIColloquium,March2011.

44.“Privatelibrariesofearlymodernastronomersandmathematicians:Towardanoverview.”SymposiumonPalacesofLearning:PrivateLibrariesinLateMedievalandEarlyModernTimes,AlfredKruppWissenschaftskollegGreifswald,September2010.

43.“ReadingArtifacts.”Summerinstituteinthematerialcultureofscience,CanadaScienceandTechnologyMuseum,Ottawa,August2009.

42.“Onpaperinstruments,orFadenkunst.”Workshoponterminologyandtypologyofastronomicalimages,1450-1650,WhippleMuseumandTrinityCollege,UniversityofCambridge,July2009.

41.“Thebattlefortruth:Sciencevs.religion.”Pre-performancesymposiumbeforeBrecht’sThelifeofGalileo,UndergroundRailwayTheater,MIT,Cambridge,May2009.

40.“LauchingAmericanastrophysics:Anastronomer,aninstrument,andabook.”14thAnnualRichardK.GehrenbeckMemorialLecture,RhodeIslandCollege,Providence,April2009.

39.“FouruniquelypreservedincunbulaintheCrawfordCollections,orfourtesseraeinamosaicofalmanacs.”WorkshopontheCrawfordCollectionattheRoyalObservatoryofEdinburgh,April2009.

38.“TeachingphysicsatAmericanuniversitiesandcollegesaround1900:Laboratories,apparatus,andEuropeanpractices.”SymposiumonExperimentsandInstrumentsintheHistoryofScienceTeaching,UniversitätRegensburg,April2009.

37.“OnCatalogingAstronomicalTablesinLateMedievalLatinManuscripts.”InternationaleHandschriftenbearbeitertagung,StaatsbibliothekzuBerlin,October2008.

36.“Atimetokeepandatimetocastaway:Thoughtsonacquisitionsforuniversityinstrumentcollections.”SICU2:AnInternationalWorkshoponHistoricScientificInstrumentCollectionsintheUniversity,UniversityofMississippi,June2007.

35.“IntroductiontoLatinastronomicaltablesofthelateMiddleAges.”UniversitätsbibliothekLeipzig,Workshop,September2006.

34.“ThoughtsonEdgerton’searlyvisualconventions.”DartmouthCollegeHumanitiesInstituteon“Visualcultureandpedagogyinthelifesciences,May2006.

33.“Whathappenstocorporatemuseumswhenthecorporationsdisappear?”Internationalworkshopon“Curating20th-centuryscience,”UtrechtUniversityMuseum,October2005.

32.“BernhardWalther,c.1430-1504.”Internationalcolloquiumon“AstronomyinNürnberg,”Nürnberg,April2005.

31.“Circularreasoning:Newton’scolorcircleanddiagrammaticrepresentationofcolorvision.”ColloquiuminHistoryofScience&Technology,UniversityofMinnesota,March2005.

30.“’Minglingconjectureswithcertainties’:Newtonandnineteenth-centurytheoriesofcolorvision.”DibnerInstituteWorkshopon“ThelegacyofNewton’sOpticks,”MIT,November2004.

29.“Illuminatinginstruments:Light,scienceandmaterialculture.”Gallerytalk,HoodMuseumofArt,DartmouthCollege,July2004.

28.“TheenigmaofHeisenberg.”Pre-performancelecture,NorthernStageproductionofMichaelFrayn’sCopenhagen,WhiteRiverJunction,VT,March2003.

27.“Copernicusamongtheastrologers:ThereceptionofCopernicanastronomyinpracticaandcalendarsprintedfrom1544-1630.”Internationalsymposiumon“Astronomyasamodel

Kremer CV 12/21

forthesciencesinearlymoderntimes,”HistorischesSeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,March2003.

26.“Readingthings:Onaddinginstrumentstothehistoryofscience.”DartmouthChapteroftheSigmaXi,June2002.

25.“Science,technologyandAmericansocietyinthe1950s.”WintersetLectureSeries,Tuftonboro,NH,February2000.

24.“Regiomontanusunddie‘RollederAstronomen’im15.Jahrhundert.”InstitutfürGeschichtederNaturwissenschaften,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,Munich,February1999.

23.“Newton,thermodynamicsand‘heatdeath’inStoppard’sArcadia.”DramaDepartmentLectureSeries,DartmouthCollege,July1997.

22.“Musingson‘sciencewars,’orWhat’sthehistoryofscienceuptothesedays.”PhysicsDepartmentColloquium,DartmouthCollege,November1996.

21.“Eugenics,scientificracismandsocialengineeringsince1850inAmerica.”RobertHullFlemingMuseum,UniversityofVermont,September1995.

20.“Thephysiologicalinstituteasasitefor‘Romantic’science.”YaleWorkshoponGermanMedicineandScienceintheEraofRomanticism,1780-1830,NewHaven,April1994.

19.“Gleaningsfromthearchives?The‘HelmholtzIndustry’andunpublishedsources.”InternationaleKonferenzzum100.TodesjahrvonHermannvonHelmholtz,Tegernsee,Germany,January1994.

18.“Physiologicalbehaviorandclinicalpractice:AnethnographicexaminationofearlyGermanphysiologicalinstitutesforexperimentalphysiology.”SecondAnglo-DutchWellcomeSymposiumontheHistoryofMedicine,Nijmegen,December1993.

17.“Helmholtz,Heringandrhetoricalstrategiesforcolorresearch.”SymposiumonExperimentalStrategiesintheBiologicalSciences,1850-1950,MedizinischeUniversitätzuLübeck,November1991.

16.“WissenschaftsverwaltungoderWissenschaftspolitik?PhysiologieunddiedeutschenStaaten,1840-1848.”InstitutfürWissenschaftsgeschichte,Georg-August-UniversitätGöttingen,Göttingen,April1991.

15.“ForschenoderLehren?DieMedizinalsWissenschaftandenpreussischenUniversitätendesfrühen19.Jahrhunderts.”ForschungsinstitutdesDeutschenMuseums,Munich,January1991.

13.“Innovationthroughsynthesis:Helmholtzandcolorresearch.”HelmholtzConference,MorrisFishbeinCenterfortheHistoryofScienceandMedicine,UniversityofChicago,October1990.

12.“Seeingred:Facts,valuesanddisciplinesinnineteenth-centuryGermanuniversities.”CommitteeontheConceptualFoundationsofScience,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,April1990.

11.“JohannEngelandtwoCopernicanpuzzles.”InstitutefortheHistoryofScienceandTechnology,USSRAcademyofSciences,Moscow,March1990.

10.“Creatingrealityorcreatingdisciplines?Thelaboratoryinnineteenth-centurymedicine.”CommitteeontheConceptualFoundationsofScience,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,May1989.

9.CommentaryonDavidCahan'spaper,“Helmholtzandthecivilizingpowerofscience.”BostonColloquiumforthePhilosophyofScience,Boston,April1989.

8.“TheoriginsofphysiologicalinstitutesinPrussia,1818-1848:Interests,rhetoricandexperiments.”PhysiologischesInstitut,FreieUniversitätBerlin,December1988.

7.“BuildinginstitutesforphysiologyinPrussia:Rhetoric,interests,andpolitics.”WellcomeUnitfortheHistoryofMedicine,CambridgeUniversity,September1988.

Kremer CV 13/21

6.“Academicpolitics,medicalreform,andthespecializationofphysiology.”FirstInternationalSummerInstituteoftheGermanDemocraticRepublic:PhilosophyandHistoryofScience,Leipzig,June1988.

5.“BuildingcareersinGermanscience,ca.1850.”Five-CollegeSeminarintheHistoryofScience,SmithCollege,Northampton,MA,April1987.

4.“Thethermodynamicsoflifeinthenineteenthcentury.”ScienceCollege,ConcordiaUniversity,Montreal,January1985.

3.“DulongandDespretzonanimalheat(1823):AfailedrescueofLavoisier’smodel.”InternationalSchooloftheHistoryofBiologicalSciences,Ischia,Italy,June1984.

2.“HelmholtzunddieAnwendungdesPrincipsvonderErhaltungderKraftaufdasGebietdesLebendigen.”InstitutfürGeschichtederNaturwissenschaften,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,Munich,June1981.

1.“RecentapproachestothestudyofhistoryofscienceandtechnologyinAmerica.”NationalMuseumfortheHistoryofScienceandTechnology,Budapest,February1981.

SELECTEDCONFERENCEPAPERS

47.“Readersbecomingauthors:Manuscriptentriesinsixteenth-centuryprintedSchreibkalender.”RenaissanceSocietyofAmerica,Chicago,April2017.

46.“Howdidthetorquetum(turketum)getitsname?”35thSymposiomoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,Istanbul,September2016.

45.“ControllingthecalendarinearlymodernEurope:Astronomicalknowledge,printersandcivicauthorities.”EuropeanSocietyforHistoryofScience,Prague,September2016.

44.“Thefifteenth-centuryastrologers’codexastoolbox:ExploringthesocialworldsofBLAddMs34603.”HistoryofScienceSociety,SanFrancisco,November2015.

43.“Longomontanus,thelastPtolemaicmathematicalastronomer.”Conferenceon“Ptolemy’sscienceofthestarsintheMiddleAges,”WarburgInstitute,London,November2015.

42.“Astrologicaltablesonpaperinstruments:JohannesStabius’sAstrolabiumimperatoriumof1515.”34thSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,Torino,September2015.

41.“AlgorithmsandtruesyzygyinmedievalLatinastronomy.”Symposiumonalgorithmsinthemathematicalsciencesintheancientworld,NorthwestUniversity,Xi’an,China,August2015.

40.“CrackingtheTabulaepermanentesofJohnofMurs,Paris,c.1321.”CNRS-SyrteTablesWorkshop,ObservatoiredeParis,June2015.

39.“Incunablealmanacsandpracticaastradingzones?”Workshopon“StructuresofPracticalKnowledge,”MaxPlanckInstituteforHistoryofScience,Berlin,December2014.

38.Commentaryonsessionentitled“Who’sincharge?Alternativeactorsinlatenineteenth-centurynutritionscience.”HistoryofScienceSociety,Chicago,November2014.

37.“MissingmathematicsinJohannesStabius’sAstrolabiumimperatorium(Nürnberg:Stuchs,1515).”EuropeanSocietyforHistoryofScience,Lisbon,September2014.

36.“Thetelescopeastechnologicalsystem:ReversesalientsandFraunhofer’sDorpatrefractormount”(Openingplenarylecture).33dSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,Tartu,August2014.

35.“Onprinting‘meaningless’numbers,orcontrollingerrorsinincunableastronomicaltables.”ResearchWorkshoponPrintingMathematicsintheEarlyModernWorld,AllSoulsCollege,Oxford,December2013.

34.“Whatdidyouneedtoknowtomakeanalmanacin1460,1480or1500?”Workshopon“StructuresofPracticalKnowledge,”MaxPlanckInstituteforHistoryofScience,Berlin,November2013.

Kremer CV 14/21

33.CommentaryforSymposiumon“Empiresoflongitude:Internationalperspectivesonnavigation,mappingandscience.”24thInternationalCongressoftheHistoryofScience,TechnologyandMedicine,Manchester,UK,July2013.

32.“Usingcomputerstocrackeclipsetables:ThecaseofImmanuelBonfils’SixWings(c.1350).”Symposiumon“Usingmoderncomputingpowertoanalyseandexplicateancientastronomicalsources.”24thInternationalCongressoftheHistoryofScience,TechnologyandMedicine,Manchester,UK,July2013.

31.“Astronomicalappropriationoverthelonguedurée:ThreecenturiesofImmanuelBonfil'sbookofsixwings.”EleventhBiennialHistoryofAstronomyWorkshop,UniversityofNotreDame,June2013;InstitutfürPhilosophie,Literatur-,Wissenschafts-,undTechnikgeschichte,TechnischeUniversitätBerlin,ForschungskolloquiumSteinle,November2013.

30.“Thinkingwithscientificinstruments.”ThinkingwithThingsWorkshop,DepartmentofPhilosophy,DartmouthCollege,May2013.

29.“Scientificinstrumentcollectionsintheuniversity(SICU):Alocalresourceforhistoriansofscienceandtechnology.”HistoryofScienceSociety,SanDiego,November2012.

28.“Tables,termsandPtolemy’sTetrabiblos,”EuropeanSocietyfortheHistoryofScience,Athens,November2012.

27.“OncreatinginternationalmarketsforAmericanscientificinstrumentsinthenineteenthcentury.”31stSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,RiodeJaneiro,October2012.

26.“Onfindingtimesoftruesyzygyinthefifteenthcentury:MelchiondeFriquento’seclipsetablesof1437.”AmericanMathematicalSociety-MathematicalAssociationofAmericajointmeeting,Boston,January2012.

25.“ScientificinstrumentsondisplayattheAmericanCentennialExpositionof1876.”29thSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,Florence,October2010.

24.“SellingsurveyinginstrumentsinAmericabeforetheprintedtradecatalog.”ColonialCompassCollectors’Association,Philadelphia,June2009;23rdInternationalCongressofHistoryofScience,Budapest,July2009.

23.“ReadingArtifacts:OnTeachingWithHistoricScientificInstruments.”HistoryofScienceSociety,CommitteeonEducationPlenaryWorkshop,Pittsburgh,November2008.

22.“‘Centresofgenialinfluence:Spaces,dreamsandinstrumentsinearlyAmericanastronomicalobservatories.”27thSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,UniversityofLisbon,Portugal,September2008.

21.“Kepler’searlycalendars.”Internationalconferenceon“Kepler2008:FromTübingentoSagen,”UniversityofZielonaGóra,Poland,June2008.

20.“’MakingoneofSaturn’smoons’:InstrumentmakingalongNewEngland’snorthernfrontier.”26thSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,Cambridge,Mass.,September2007.

19.“TwoclassicsofearlyAmericansolarspectroscopy”(Invitedlecture).AnnualMeetingoftheAmericanChemicalSociety,DivisionoftheHistoryofChemistry,Boston,August2007.

18.“HaroldE.Edgerton’searlyhigh-speedcameras.”25thSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,Cracow,September2006.

17.“ReworkingtheAlfonsineTablesinCracow:TheTabulaeAureaeofPetrusGaszowiec(1448).”EuropeanSocietyfortheHistoryofScience,Cracow,September2006.

16.“Inventingandmarketinganewstroboscope:Harold‘Doc’EdgertonandtheGeneralRadioCompanyfrom1932-1960.”Internationalconferenceon“Whoneedsscientificinstruments,”MuseumBoerhaave,Leiden,October2005.

Kremer CV 15/21

15.“Thenatureofthealmanac:Producersandconsumersintheastrologicalmarketplaceoflatefifteenth-centuryEurope.”DepartmentofScienceandTechnologyStudies,UniversityCollegeLondon,October2001;HistoryofScienceSociety,Milwaukee,November2002.

14.“Fromtexttotrophy:ShiftingfunctionsofRegiomontanus’slibrary.”HistoryofScienceSocietyAnnualMeeting,Pittsburgh,November1999;CambridgeProjectfortheBookTrust,ConferenceonLostLibraries,CambridgeUniversity,September2000.

13.“Traditionversusexperimentaround1500.”Invitedpaperfor“SymposiumonAstronomyattheDawnoftheRenaissance”(withJerzyDobrzycki).20thInternationalCongressofHistoryofScience,Liège,July1997.AbstractinBookofabstracts—Symposia,edJanVandersmissen(Liège,1997),164.

12.“Hungariancourtsandastronomicalreforminthefifteenthcentury:Anewlink?”American-HungarianConferenceonHungarianContributionstoScholarship,IndianaUniversity,April1997.

11.“PeurbachandMaraghaastronomy:TheastronomicaltableofJohannesAngelusandtheirimplications”(withJerzyDobrzycki).HistoryofScienceSocietyAnnualMeeting,Minneapolis,October1995;MedievalUniversitySeminar,DartmouthCollege,January1996.

10.“Theeyeasinscriptiondeviceinthe1870s:WillyKühne’soptogramsandthephotochemistryofvision.”19thInternationalCongressofHistoryofScience,Zaragoza,Spain,August1993.

9.“PedagogyversusresearchinPurkyne'sBreslaulaboratory.”British-NorthAmericanJointMeetingoftheCanadian,BritishandAmericanHistoryofScienceSocieties,Toronto,July1992.

8.“Helmholtz,HeringandMachoncolorvision:Psychology,physicsorspiritualism?”HistoryofScienceSocietyAnnualMeeting,Gainesville,October1989.

7.“ExperimentalmedicineandthePrussianstate,1818-1850.”18thInternationalCongressoftheHistoryofScience,Hamburg,August1989.

6.“BuildingcareersinGermanscience,ca.1850.”HistoryofScienceSocietyAnnualMeeting,Pittsburgh,October1986.

5.“FromStoffwechseltoKraftwechsel:Voit,Rubnerandthestudyofnutritioninthe1880s.”HistoryofScienceSocietyAnnualMeeting,Norwalk,CT,October1983.

4.“Physicsandexperimentalphysiologyinthe1860s:Heidenhainvs.Fick.”JointAtlanticSeminarintheHistoryofthePhysicalSciences,Washington,D.C.,April1983;abstractinHistoryofphysicsnewsletter,1(1983):81.

3.“Astrologersandastrolabes:TheNiederaltaichhoroscopeof1514.”AmericanAstronomicalSocietyMeeting,Boston,January1983;abstractinBulletinoftheAAS,14(1982):897.

2.“Twomethodsforphysics?SchellingandHelmholtzonFaradayandthephilosophyofscience.”16thInternationalCongressoftheHistoryofScience,Bucharest,August1981;abstractinProceedings,A.ScientificSections,1981,p.147.

1.“BernardWalther’sastronomicalobservations.”JointAtlanticSeminarintheHistoryofthePhysicalSciences,CollegePark,MD,April1980.

EDITORIALBOARDS

EditorialBoard,Boethius–TexteundAbhandlungenzurGeschichtederMathematikundderNaturwissenschaften,FranzSteinerVerlag,2016-present.

AssociateEditorandReviewsEditor,Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,2015-present.

EditorialBoard,eRittenhouse:JournalofthehistoricscientificinstrumententerpriseintheAmericas,2012-present.

EditorialReviewBoard,ClassicalSciencePress,2008-present.

Kremer CV 16/21

AdvisoryEditorialBoard,Isis,2007-09.

AdvisoryEditorialBoard,StudiaCopernicana,2007-present.

ReviewsEditor,Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,2007-2014.

PEERREVIEWACTIVITIES

Referee(bookmanuscripts):UniversityofPittsburghPress,PrincetonUniversityPress,HarvardUniversityPress,UniversityPressofNewEngland,CambridgeUniversityPress,UniversityofChicagoPress,OxfordUniversityPress,PalgraveMacmillan(1990-present)

Referee(journalarticles):Isis,Journalforthehistoryofastronomy,Scienceincontext,Journalforthehistoryofbiology(1990-present)

Referee(researchgrants):AustrianScienceFoundation,NationalScienceFoundation,NationalEndowmentfortheHumanities(1988-present)

ExternalPhDdissertationreader,PrincetonUniversity(2007)

Tenureandpromotionreviewer,SmithCollege(2000),CambridgeUniversity(2003),HaverfordCollege(2007,2012)

Habilitationreader,TechnischeUniversitätBerlin(2013)

COMMITTEEWORKFORPROFESSIONALORGANIZATIONS

Member,CommitteeonStrategicPlanning(membershipanddues),HistoryofScienceSociety(2014-15)

Member,CommitteeonFinances,HistoryofScienceSociety(2013-16)

Member,AdvisoryBoardfortheIsisCriticalBibliography,HistoryofScienceSociety(2013-16)

Member,NathanReingoldPrizeCommittee(bestgraduatestudentessay),HistoryofScienceSociety(2010-12)

Member,HistoryofScienceSociety,DevelopmentCommittee(2005-08)

Member,HistoryofScienceSociety,GoverningCouncil(2000-02)

Chair,HistoryofScienceSocietyTaskForceonK-12Education(1999-2000)

Member,HazenPrizeCommittee(outstandingteachingaward),HistoryofScienceSociety(1998-2001,Chair1999-2001)

Organized,chairedandcommentedontheCommitteeonEducation’sWorkshopon“TeachingHistoryofScienceviatheWWW,”HistoryofScienceSocietyannualmeeting,KansasCity(October1998)

Member,CommitteeonEducation,HistoryofScienceSociety(1995-99,Chair1997-99)

Member,CommitteeontheElectronicWorld,HistoryofScienceSociety,1994

ProgramCo-Chair,plannedthe1994annualmeetingoftheHistoryofScienceSociety,heldinNewOrleans(1993-94)

Member,NationalCommitteeforDibnerVisitingHistoriansofScience,HistoryofScienceSociety(1989-93)

Chair,NewEnglandChapteroftheAlexandervonHumboldtAssociationofAmerica(1999-2001)

RELATEDPROFESSIONALACTIVITIES

Member,ScientificOrganizingTeam,“AnalyzingandEditingNumericalTablesfromAncientAstralSciences,”InternationalCNRS-SyrteTablesWorkshopheldattheObservatoiredeParis,June2015.

Kremer CV 17/21

Consultant,“Deusexmachina:ImageoftheworldandcosmosintheplanetaryautomataoftheRenaissance”aprojecttostudytwolargeastronomicalclocksinKasselandDresdenmadebyEberhardBaldeweininthe1560s,http://ciuhct.org/en/deus-ex-machina.2014-16.

“Learningfromsciencejunk.”HistoryofScienceSocietynewsletter,42/3(2013).Availableathttp://www.hssonline.org/publications/Newsletter2013/July-learning-from-junk.html.

Member,ScientificProgramCommittee,31stSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,MuseumofAstronomyandRelatedSciences,RiodeJaneiro,2012.

Member,WorkingGrouponRecentScientificHeritageatUniversities,UniverseumConsortiumofEuropeanUniversities,2012-14.

Member,InternationalAdvisoryCommittee,HeveliusCorrespondenceProject,2011-13.

Organizedandhelpedleadweek-longsummerinstituteonhistoricscientificinstrumentsattheCanadaScienceandTechnologyMuseum,Ottawa,August2009.

Member,ScientificProgramCommittee,27thSymposiumoftheScientificInstrumentCommission,UniversityofLisbon,2008.

Chair,SteeringCommitteeforSICU2:AnInternationalWorkshoponHistoricScientificInstrumentCollectionsintheUniversity,UniversityofMississippi,June2007,withsupportfromtheNSF.

Co-organizerwithJoséChabás,day-longsymposiumon“Historyofastronomyinthelatemedievalandearlymodernperiods,”SecondInternationalConferenceoftheEuropeanSocietyfortheHistoryofScience,Cracow,September2006.

Member,NationalAdvisoryBoard,AmericanMuseumofRadioandElectricity,Bellingham,WA,www.americanradiomuseum.org(2003-10).

Chair,PlanningCommitteefor“ScientificInstrumentCollectionsintheUniversity,”aninternationalconferenceheldatDartmouth,24-27June2004,co-sponsoredbyDartmouthandtheScientificInstrumentCommissionoftheInternationalUnionoftheHistory&PhilosophyofScience,withsupportfromNSFandDartmouth’sDickeyCenterandLeslieCenter,www.dartmouth.edu/~sicu(2002-04).

Chair,“Astronomyanditshistories:AsessioninhonorofOwenGingerich,”HistoryofScienceSocietyAnnualMeeting,Vancouver,4November2000.

Consultant,LifeMagazine’sspecialissueontheMillenium,October1997.

Invitedparticipant,DigitalLibrariesinScienceandTechnologyStudiesConference,NewOrleans,11-12October1994.

Participant,SeminarontheHistoryoftheOrganizationofScience,co-sponsoredbytheACLS-IREXandtheUSSRAcademyofSciences,MoscowandLeningrad(1990).

Member,BoardofDirectors,NewHampshireHumanitiesCouncil(1996-2003;Chair,2000-1;ViceChair,1999-00;Chair,SearchCommitteeforExecutiveDirector,2000-1;MemberofExecutiveCommittee,1997-98,1999-2003);Chair,EvaluationCommitttee,1997-99).

Discussion-Leader,“OfApplesandOrigins,II:TheBrain,theMindandHumanMeaning,”NewHampshireHumanitiesCouncil(1995-96);“OfApplesandOrigins,I:StoriesofLifeonEarth”(1993-94),bothstate-wide,three-monthprogramsforthegeneralpublic,consistingofreadingcircles,publiclecturesandlargeconferencesonthehistoryofliterary,artisticandscientificattemptstounderstandtheoriginofthecosmosandoflife,andthenatureofhumanconsciousness.

Designerandco-teacher,“TheScientistasHumanist,”semester-lengthseminarsforgiftedhighschoolstudents,NewHampshireStateDepartmentofEducation(1988-92).

VisitingScholar,TheNationalFaculty,Atlanta,consultantforhighschoolteachertrainingprogramsinHistoryofScience(1987-92).

PublicLecturesonoriginsoftheAtomicAge,NewHampshireandVermontCouncilsontheHumanities(1986-88).

Kremer CV 18/21

Steeringcommitteemember,PrograminTechnology,SocietyandValues,UniversityofNewHampshire(1984-85).

Consultant,CBS“Americanportraits”series,segmentonWilburO.Atwater(1984).

Exhibitiondesigner,IBMpermanentexhibitiononthehistoryofcomputing,withI.BernardCohen(1983).

Researchassistant,LibraryofCongress,SciencePolicyGroup,CongressionalResearchService;studiedindustrialinnovationandsciencepolicyfortheJointEconomicCommitteeoftheU.S.Congress(1979).

Residenttutor,MatherHouse,Harvard;organizedhistoryofscienceandGermanlanguageseminars,advisedprospectivegraduatestudentsinthisresidencefor360undergraduates(1978-80).

Physicsresearch,TurnerHighPrecisionX-RayCrystallographyLaboratory,GoshenCollege;designedandbuiltsoftwareandhardwaretocontrolx-rayspectrographicequipment(1973-75).

ADMINISTRATIVEANDSERVICEACTIVITIESATDARTMOUTHCOLLEGE

Campus-Wide

Member,GlobalDartmouthandExperimentalDartmouth,WorkingGroupsonStrategicPlanning,2012

Member,CommitteeonOff-CampusActivities(Spring2010,2011-14)

Member,LewinPost-GraduateFellowshipCommittee,TuckerFoundation(2010,2012-14)

Member,TaskForceonEmailandCollaborationTools(2008-9)

Member,Ad-HocCommitteetoReviseDartmouth’sSources:TheirUseandAcknowledgment(2007-8)

Member,CouncilonComputing(2006-9)

Member,WritingProgramSteeringCommittee(2005-7)

Informalcurator,KingCollectionofScientificInstruments(2004-present)

Member,TuckerFoundationCouncil(2002-6)

Member,SearchCommitteeforAssistantDirectorofCommunityService,TuckerCouncil(2003-4)

Curator,Dartmouth’sHistoricScientificInstrumentCollection,2002-present

Chair,AdvisoryCommitteeforDartmouth’sHistoricScientificInstrumentCollection(2001-present)

Chair,CollegeCourseSteeringCommittee(1999-2001,member2001-2)

Member,Dean’sAdHocPlanningCommitteefortheDartmouthConferenceon“GlobalizingtheAcademy”(2000)

Member,Provost’sAdHocCommitteeforDartmouth’sHistoricScientificInstrumentsCollection(2000-1)

Member,SearchCommitteeforCollegeLibrarian(2000-1)

Chair,CouncilontheLibraries(1999-2000,member1997-2000)

Member,SearchCommitteeforDeanoftheCollege(1998-9)

Member,SearchCommitteeforHistorian/PhilosopherofBiology(1997-8)

Co-Chair,CommitteetoReviseDartmouth’sSources:TheirUseandAcknowledgmentbooklet(1997-8)

Member,ExternalReviewCommittee,MusicDepartment(1997)

Kremer CV 19/21

Member,SearchCommitteeforEliBlackProfessorshipinJewishStudies(1997)

Planningconsultant,“Thebodyanditsimage:Art,technologyandmedicalknowledge,”majorexhibition,HoodMuseumofArt(1996-7)

Member,VentureFundSelectionCommittee(grantsforinnovativeusesofcomputertechnologiesinclassroomteaching)(1996-7)

Member,CollegeCommitteeonAlcoholandOtherDrugs(1996-8)

Member,CommitteeonGraduateFellowships(1989-90,1993-4,1995-6)

Member,SearchCommitteefortwoAlumniRelationsOfficers,OfficeoftheVicePresidentforDevelopmentandAlumniRelations(1994)

Member,Dean’sCommitteeofPremedicalAdvisors(1993-4)

Member,SearchCommitteeforCollegeArchivist,DartmouthCollegeLibraries(1993-4)

Member,Provost’sTaskForceonGraduateStudies(1990-1)

Member,ExecutiveBoard,InstitutefortheStudyofAppliedandProfessionalEthics,DartmouthCollege(1989-90)

Member,SteeringCommittee,InstituteofArcticStudies(1989-90)

Member,President’sSearchCommitteeforDeanoftheFaculty(1989)

Member,SearchCommitteeforDirectorofSocialScienceComputing(1989)

FounderandCo-Coordinator,StudiesintheHistoryandPhilosophyofScienceandTechnology(1989-present)

FacultyAdvisor,DartmouthScientificSociety(1987-9)

Co-Coordinator,UniversitySeminarontheTwoCultures(1986-90)

ColloquiaorotherpresentationstotheDepartmentsofPhysics&Astronomy,Philosophy,Engineering,EducationandtheBakerLibraryStaff(1986-present)

AlumniContinuingEducation

Lecturer,“Solareclipsesinscienceandtheimagination,”DartmouthAlumniTour,Turkey,2006;China,2009.

Lecturer,“Threeenigmasofcreation,”WeekendSeminar,DallasAlumniClub,2004

Lecturer,“GalileoinTuscany,”DartmouthAlumniCollegeAbroad,Tuscany,2002

Lecturer,“FromtheGrandTourtothePackagedTour:Americans,EuropeansandIdentity,”DartmouthCollegeAlumniCollegeintheSwissAlpsforFamilies,July2000

Lecturer,“InsearchofGermanidentity,”DartmouthAlumniCollegeAbroad,CruiseontheRhineandMoselleRivers(1997)

Lecturer,“Inventinguniverses:Frommythtoscienceandback,”WeekendSeminar,DartmouthAlumniAssociationofOrangeCounty,Irvine,CA(1997)

Lecturer,“RiddlesofCreation,”WeekendSeminar,PacificNorthwestAlumniClub,Portland(1994)

AcademicDirectorandSeniorLecturer,DartmouthAlumniCollegeon“RiddlesofCreation:CosmologyandHumanCreativity”(1994)

Lecturer,“Islamicscience,”DartmouthAlumniCollege(1992)

Lecturer,“Science,TruthandtheHubbleSpaceTelescope,“WeekendSeminar,DartmouthClubofNorthernNewJersey(1992)

SeniorLecturer(Darwin),DartmouthAlumniCollegeAbroad,Expedition-CruisetotheGalápagosIslands(1991)

Kremer CV 20/21

Lecturer,“Scientificrevolutionsandsociety,”WeekendSeminar,DartmouthCluboftheUpperValley(1989)

Lecturer,“Themachineinthegarden:Science,technologyandculture,”WeekendSeminar,DartmouthClubofNorthernNewJersey(1987)

Lecturer,“Themachineinthegarden,”WeekendSeminar,PacificNorthwestAlumniClub,Portland(1986)

Seniorlecturer,DartmouthAlumniCollegeon“TheMachineintheGarden:Science,TechnologyandCulture”(1986)

HistoryDepartment

Chair,CurriculumSub-Committee(2015-16)

ViceChair(Spring2015,2015-16)

Member,SeniorSearchCommittee(Spring2014)

Director,HistoryHonorsProgram(2012-13)

Chair,SearchCommitteeforModernEuropeanIntellectualHistory(2009-10)

Member,SearchCommitteeforCivilRights/SocialJusticeHistory(2008-09)

Member,SearchCommitteeforAfricanHistory(2007-08)

Director,HistoryForeignStudyPrograminLondon(2001-02,2013-14)

Member,StudentEnrichmentFundsCommittee(2001-02)

DepartmentalViceChair(1999-2000)

Chair,ColloquiumPlanningCommittee(1989-90,member1999-2000)

Member,BuildingCommitteefortheAcademicWingofBaker-BerryLibrary(1997-98)

UnitedWayRepresentative(1996-97)

Member,PlanningCommittee,SeminarforCriticalHistoricalStudies(1995-96)

ViceChairandDirectoroftheHistoryHonorsProgram(1995-96)

Chair,EuropeanSectionalPlanning(1992-94,1995-96)

Chair,SearchCommitteeforMedievalHistory(1991-92)

Member,EuropeanCommitteeontheFreshmanWeek(1991-92)

Member,SearchCommitteeforAfrican-AmericanHistory(1989-90)

Member,PolicyandCurriculumPlanningCommittee(1989-90)

Member,Classof1859PrizeCommittee(1985-86,1989-90)

Chair,Ad-HocCommitteetoReviseStudentPrizes(1988-89)

Secretary(1987-88,Winter1989,2000-01)

Member,StudentRelationsCommittee(1986-88)

LibraryRepresentative(1985-86)

MastersofLiberalStudies(MALS)ThesesAdvisedatDartmouth

Shores,TravisW.“Theconjuror’stoolkit,1400-1800:Ciphers,images,andmagicalculturesofpowerwithintheSolomonicgrimoires,”2014.

Ginhoven,Sandravan.“Thecelestialglobe,theastronomerandtheartistinhisstudioinseventeenth-centuryDutchpainting,”2007.

Kremer CV 21/21

Metzler,BrendaS.“GenderidentityformationinaLancasterMennonitecommmunity,”2001.

SerrellCoonley,Nancy.“Communicatingsciencewiththepublic:Acontextualapproach,”2000.

DeFelice,BarbaraJ.“StylesofgeologicalresearchintheAlaskanArcticintheearlytwentiethcentury:TheworkofErnestdeKovenLeffingwell,”1999.

Sharp,Margaret.“ThechangingimageofTyrannosaurusrex:Threecasestudiesofvisualrepresentation,”1999.

St.Germaine,Sherry.“Artinscience—scienceinart:Threecenturiesofscientificillustration,”1994.

Hammond,William.“Eureka!AnecdotesaboutArchimedesandothermathematicians,”1990.

UndergraduateHonorsThesesAdvisedatDartmouth

Marino,Julia.“BasilO’ConnorandtheMarchofDimes:PrivatePhilanthropyandthePublic’sHealth.”SeniorFellowship,2016-17.

Pallin,Rocco.“BloodydeedsandBritain’sbodyeconomy:DissectingtheAnatomyActof1832.”Historythesis,2012.

Kahlenberg,CynthiaA.“Ataleoftwocities:TheAIDSepidemicinNewYorkandLondon,1981-1996.”Historythesis,2010.

Kamath,ArunaM.“NAMDA,1982-1990:MobilizingthehealthcaresectorinthefightagainstapartheidinSouthAfrica.”Historythesis,2004.

Kaczmarek,Tom.“Thephilosopher,theactivistandthewarrior:Newrolesforthe‘scientist’afterWorldWarII.”Historythesis,2003.

Nolan,SarahA.“Therhetoricofretreat:Reevaluating‘coeducation’atAmericanuniversities,1863-1912.”Historythesis,1997.

Davies,JohnMichael.“AtechnicalstudyoftheRussiannuclearreactorVVER-1000anditsimpactontheRussiannuclearpowerindustry.”Physicsthesis,1994.

Roberts,Dawn.“EinsteinandMann:TheassimilationofrelativityinDerZauberberg.”ComparativeLiteraturethesis,1987.

Bakeman,EricS.“SimonStevinandChristiaanHuygens:Anevaluationoftheeconomicinfluenceonthedevelopmentofmechanics.”Historythesis,1986.