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Definition:
The art of speaking, writing and communicating
effectively.
Purpose:
Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to
influence the judgment or feelings of the readers and
listeners.
Rhetoric
Rhetorical Appeals - Let’s Review
• http://www.shmoop.com/video/ethos-pathos-logos
What is the medium/genre the text is written in?• Speech?• Essay?• Letter?• Book – fiction/nonfiction?• Web?• Ad?
Publisher / Sponsor?Date of publication?Reputable? Credible?
Add the “G” - Genre
• Attitude of the speaker/author
• Helps to determine what the author means
• Methods the speaker might useDiction (choice of words)Syntax (sentence construction)Imagery
Metaphors
Similes
Figurative language
Add the “T” – Tone / Rhetorical Devices
•Allusion
•Connotation/denotation
•Diction
•Hyperbole
•Imagery
•Irony
•Metaphor
•Simile
•Symbolism
•Syntax
These are the devices you will be expected to know and be able to identify for this unit:
Your E12 TOOLBOX of rhetorical devices!
Ex: “…yourselves from those narrow prejudices
which you have imbibed with respect to them and as
Job proposed to his friends, ‘put yourself in their
souls stead,’…”
Job- who suffers a great deal but remains faithful; from an OT character whose
faith in God was tested by Satan; though he lost his family and belongings, he
remained patient and faithful
Literary, historical, religious, or mythological
REFERENCE to something well-known by many.
Allusion
SENSORY DETAIL to evoke feeling or emotion
or to describe; the 5 senses
Ex: “Her cheeks were rosy and so was
my love – bursting with fragrance and
softness.”
Imagery
AN IMPLIED DIFFERENCE
VERBAL: Difference between what is said and what is meant
SITUATIONAL: Difference between what you are led to expect and what actually happens
DRAMATIC: Difference between what one character knows and what the audience knows (We know something the character does not know.)
Clarification: If I say, “Gee, I really wish it would snow,” and it starts snowing immediately, that is apropos (too perfect). It is NOT ironic. (There is no DIFFERENCE between what I wanted and what happened.)
Irony
Direct: A sea of troubles OR
Indirect: His depression was vast, swelled by troubles that perpetually crested and fell.
Comparison without using LIKE or AS
Metaphor
Sentences can be short and choppy or long and flowing. Pay close attention to the punctuation.
Syntax The way words and sentences are arranged
Background Information
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkRSSMBJBkg
The Speech – listen to the version(s)
Re-enactment of the Speech The
Pride of the Yankees - 1939
• https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=pYyUWn224AE