RFM300 SERIES REFRACTOMETER - LabMakelaar · RFM 300 SERIES REFRACTOMETER OPERATORS MANUAL Refractometer Models: RFM311 RFM320 RFM330 RFM340 Bellingham + Stanley Limited

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RFM300 SERIESREFRACTOMETER

OPERATORS MANUAL

Bellingham + Stanley Limited


RFM 300 SERIESREFRACTOMETEROPERATORS MANUAL

Refractometer Models:RFM311 RFM320 RFM330 RFM340

Bellingham + Stanley Limited


DECLARATION OF CONFORMITYaccording to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014

Manufacturer’s Name Bellingham & Stanley Limited

Manufacturer’s Address Longfield Road,North Farm Industrial Estate,Tunbridge Wells,Kent TN2 3EYUnited Kingdom

declares that the product

Product Name RFM311, RFM320, RFM330, RFM340Automatic Refractometer

Model Number 25-11, 25-20, 25-30, 25-40

Product Options All

conforms to the following Product Specifications:

Safety BSEN60950:1992

EMC EN50081-1 - Emissions• EN55022 : Radiated Emissions to Class B• EN55022 : Conducted Emissions to Class B• EN60555-2 : Harmonic Fluctuations• EN60555-3 : Voltage Fluctuations

EN50082-1 - Generic Immunity• IEC 801-2 : 1984 Electrostatic Discharge - Class 3, 8 KV• IEC 801-3 : 1984 Radio Frequency Susceptibility - Class 2, 3V/m• IEC 801-4 : 1988 Fast Burst Transients - Class 2, 1KV

Supplementary The product herewith complies with the requirements of the LowInformation Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.

OPERATORS MANUAL: ISSUE 6.1 AUGUST 2001

MANUAL CODE: 25-101

This manual is applicable to RFM300 refractometers fitted with the following software:-

RFM31125-801Version 02




To display the code number of the software actually fitted, see page 3-1.

Trademark Acknowledgements

Epson, ESC/P are trademarks of Seiko Epson CorporationIBM and IBM PC are trademarks of International Business Machines CorporationDatac is a trademark of Datac plc

© Copyright BELLINGHAM & STANLEY Ltd. 2001

All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of thecontents of this manual. However, Bellingham & Stanley Ltd.can assume no responsibility for any errors contained in themanual or their consequences.

Printed in England

Bellingham & Stanley Ltd.Longfield Road, North Farm Industrial Estate,TUNBRIDGE WELLS, United Kingdom. TN2 3EYTelephone: 0 1892 500444Fax: 0 1892 543115

Bellingham & Stanley Inc.1000 Hurricane Shoals Road, Bldg D. Suite 300LAWRENCEVILLE, USA GA30043Telephone: 770 822 6898Fax: 770 822 9165

O P E R A T O R S M A N U A L

Contents

Installation 1

Basic Operation 2A Tour of the Instrument 2-1Measuring a Sample 2-4Setting the Measurement Mode 2-5Sampling Techniques 2-8Temperature Control and Compensation 2-9

Setting Up the System 3Password 3-1Calibration 3-2Configuration 3-3Temperature Probes 3-8User Defined Temperature Compensation 3-9User Defined Scales 3-10Key Function Map 3-MAP

Error Conditions & Messages 4

Specification 5

Spares & Accessories 6Spare Parts 6-1Flow Through Cells 6-2

CONTENTS


S E C T I O N 1

Installation

Unpacking 1-1Contents List 1-1Part Numbers 1-1Positioning the System 1-2Mains Connection 1-4Power Supply Adaptor 1-4

INSTALLATION 1


UNPACKING Carefully remove all of the packing material. It is recommended that thebox and other packing materials are retained so that, should the needarise, the refractometer can be safely returned to the manufacturer.

Check that all parts listed below are present and that no transit damagehas occurred. If any are damaged or missing then contact the supplierimmediately.

CONTENTS LIST 1 RFM 300 Series Refractometer, see below for part no.1 Power Supply Adaptor, 55-1041 Spare Desiccator in sealed container, 13-3951 Operators Manual, 25-10150 Disposable Pipettes (except RFM311), 80-0501 Funnel (RFM311 only), 80-2991 Strainer (RFM311 only), 80-300

PART NUMBERSInstrument ModelNumber

Refractometerassembly only

Refractometer completewith accessories

RFM311 25-311 25-11

RFM320 25-320 25-20

RFM330 25-330 25-30

RFM340 25-340 25-40

Description UKVersion

230V

EuroVersion

230V

USVersion

110V

Power supply unit (all instruments) 55-104

Mains leads (for use with 55-104) 61-191 61-193 61-192

See Section 6 for a list of code numbers for spare parts and accessories.

INSTALLATION 1-1

POSITIONING THESYSTEM

Choose a position for the system that is :-* away from draughty or hot equipment like fans or heaters* out of direct sunlight or strong ambient light* away from potential sources of interference such as RFI

generating equipment* within easy reach of a power point* not using a power circuit that also has large motors or noise-

generating equipment connected to it.

MODELS 320,330 & 340

Place the instrument and accessories on a bench that is flat and stable.

Circulator Assembly(optional)

Refractometer

Printer Package(optional)

Power Supply Adaptor

If using an optional temperature control circulator, connect it to theRFM300 using the tubes and clips supplied. Fill the circulator with waterand switch on. When the system has been checked for leaks, switch onthe RFM300.

1-2 INSTALLATION

MODEL 311 Put the funnel into the

307mm

100mm

funnel support arm andpush the flowcell inletpipe onto the funneloutlet.

Four 9mm diameter holesare provided in themounting plate for fixingthe instrument to avertical surface. Ensurethe wall is of a suitableconstruction to take theweight of the mountedrefractometer.

Power Supply Adaptor

Outlettube

Support the power supplyon a stable surface near toa power outlet and in aposition that will not besplashed with sample. Donot allow the weight of thepower supply unit to causestrain on either the mainsinlet or low voltage outletcables.

The outlet tubing should betaken to waste.

INSTALLATION 1-3

MAINSCONNECTION

The power supply adaptor is supplied with a moulded mains cord andplug to suit one of several socket types as follows:-

UK 13 Amp square pin to BS1363/AEU European Schuko plugUS 3 pin American plug

Mains cord wire colours

LINE(PHASE)

NEUTRAL(RETURN)

EARTH(GROUND)

UK (230V) brown blue green/yellow

EU (230V) brown blue green/yellow

US (110V) black white green

This power supply must be earthed. Earth terminal is used for functionalearth only.

POWER SUPPLYADAPTOR

WARNING:* For indoor use only.* Must be kept dry.* No user serviceable parts inside.* Do not open.* Do not cover, designed to operate with free air convection.* No cleaning required.

1-4 INSTALLATION

S E C T I O N 2

Basic Operation

A Tour of the Instrument 2-1Operators Panel 2-1System Reset 2-1Temperature Control 2-2Presser 2-2Presser Options 2-2Temperature Measurement 2-3Desiccator 2-3Power Supply 2-3Services Panel 2-3

Measuring a Sample 2-4Read 2-4Print 2-4

Setting the Measurement Mode 2-5Entering a Password 2-5Selecting a Scale 2-5Temperature Compensation 2-5Reading Recurrence 2-6

Sampling Techniques 2-7Cleaning 2-7Sample Application 2-7Sample Presser 2-7Temperature Stability 2-7

Temperature Control and Compensation 2-8Why Control the Temperature? 2-8Temperature Compensation 2-8

BASIC OPERATION 2


A Tour of the Instrument

The RFM300 Series refractometers are self-contained, easy-to-use instruments which are suitable foruse in either a laboratory or on the factory floor. They are housed in rigid polyurethane foam mouldedcases which are light in weight whilst being extremely rugged and have a high resistance to chemicalattack from the majority of commonly used samples. The instruments are sealed against ingress of dustand water and so are easily cleaned with water or other solvents. They incorporate a range ofmeasurement scales and other facilities which are accessed via a simple and user-friendly operatorspanel.

OPERATORSPANEL

The reading display is purely numeric and is formed from large, highcontrast digits. The functions of the four "soft keys" are shown on theupper line of the alpha-numeric display and provide access to all of therefractometer control and data options. The lower line of the alpha-numeric display and the numeric keys provide a means of entering anddisplaying prompts and data.

SYSTEM RESET Pressing the two outermost soft-keys together is referred to asSYSTEM RESET and will reset theinstrument back to a startingcondition, as if it had just been

switched on. If at any time the instrument fails to respond to the soft-keys or produces nonsensical data it may be restarted by pressingSYSTEM RESET or by turning the power off then on.

Use of SYSTEM RESET is also a valid method of terminating lengthyoperations, such as a test run or a long "delay before reading", should theoperator so desire.

BASIC OPERATION 2-1

TEMPERATURECONTROL

At the left hand end of the prism plate, there are two pipe connections toenable the instrument to be connected to a constant temperature watercirculator or bath. Water is circulated from these connections through ajacket which surrounds the prism on the underside of the sample dish.This keeps the prism and the sample dish at a constant temperature andwill help to rapidly stabilise an applied sample. A temperature probe ismounted in the water jacket which can be used to correct the measuredreading to 20°C if temperature correction mode is selected.

PRESSER All RFM300 Series refractometers are fitted with a hinged presser whichcan be pulled down over a sample on the prism. This forces difficultsamples into good contact with the prism and creates an improvedenvironment for the sample whilst being measured.

The 330 model is fitted with a black polyacetal presser type 24-81.

Models RFM320 & RFM340 are fitted with a presser type 24-80. This istemperature controlled (in addition to the internal prism water jacketassembly) by circulating water through the presser hinge and integralchannels in the presser arm. A temperature sensor probe is mounted inthe centre of the presser which will monitor the temperature of thesample more closely than the probe in the prism water jacket. Thetemperature probe lead from the end of the presser should be connectedto the socket on the left hand side of the instrument housing.

The RFM311 is fitted with a vertical flow through cell without atemperature sensor.

PRESSEROPTIONS

Alternative accessories to the standard pressers are available and can befitted to any model. These are the Micro Flow Cell and Macro Flow Cell forcontinuous flow applications via piped connections and a Funnel FlowCell for individual sampling. The optional flowcells also incorporate atemperature sensor and should be connected to the socket on the lefthand side of the instrument housing.

2-2 BASIC OPERATION

TEMPERATUREMEASUREMENT

All models are fitted with the "prism" temperature sensor probe in theprism water jacket and may have either as standard, or optionally, a"sample" temperature sensor probe in the presser or flowcell. Either theprism, or the sample, sensor probe can be pre-selected to be used fordisplay and temperature compensation. See page 3-8.

Note: If a replacement presser or a flowcell is fitted, the code letter on theconnector sleeve must be keyed into the instrument. See page 3-8.

DESICCATOR A desiccator is mounted on the left hand side of the instrument housing.

TEMPERATURE

SENSOR

DESICCATOR

INDICATOR BLUE

INDICATOR PINK

SATISFACTORY

DRYING REQUIRED

View of the components on the left hand sideof the instrument

It is vital that this is kept in a dry condition. If the indicator shouldchange from pale blue to pink, there is evidence of moisture in theinstrument which the desiccator is no longer able to absorb.

The most likely cause is thatthe housing has been openedfor some time or the screwshave not been replacedcorrectly. The desiccatorshould be unscrewed fromthe housing and a dry onefitted. The indicator shouldremain pale blue. If this failsto happen then it isindicative of a more seriousmoisture leak and a detailedinvestigation should beundertaken.

The saturated desiccatorshould be placed in a warm oven at a temperature of 50 to 150°C for 2to 3 hours to drive off the retained moisture. Return the desiccator to asealed container to prevent absorption of moisture from the atmosphere.

POWER SUPPLY Power for the RFM300 Series refractometer is supplied from an externaladaptor which, unlike the RFM300 itself, is not sealed against the ingressof moisture and should be kept dry and away from damp areas at alltimes.

SERVICESPANEL

The ON/OFF switch, power supply connector and RS232C serial portconnector (to output data to a printer or computer) are mounted on therear face of the instrument.

ON

OFF

POWERSUPPLY

SERIALPORT

BASIC OPERATION 2-3

Measuring a Sample

After switching on the instrument the Reading Display will be blank and the information display willshow the reading and temperature modes. The current temperature will not be displayed until a readingis taken.

READ Models RFM320, 330, & 340.Lift the sample presser and place a smallamount of water or sample on the prism (thecircular glass-like area in the middle of the

prism plate). The complete prism surface must be covered by the sample;generally 1ml is sufficient to achieve this. Now lower the presser onto theprism plate.

Model 311Ensure the tap is in the offposition (knob horizontal). Halffill the funnel with water. Openthe tap until sample starts toflow through and close the tap.

Now press the READ key. After afew seconds, the reading will bedisplayed as shown.

PRINT If an optional printer is connected, the readingmay now be recorded by pressing the PRINTkey. A displayed reading can only be printedonce, so the READ key must be re-pressed

before the PRINT key becomes available again. The reading value isaccompanied by scale identification codes and additional data dependingon the refractometer model. Typical printouts are shown below.

A detailed description of all printout formats is shown in Appendix D.

2-4 BASIC OPERATION

Setting the Measurement Mode

ENTERING APASSWORD

All RFM 300 series refractometers have 2 userdefined passwords. The "operator" passwordallows access to the MODE functions only andthe "supervisor" which provides unrestrictedoperation of all MODE and SETUP functions.

After pressing MODE the user is prompted toenter the password. The first three keystrokes will be accepted and, iffound to match the password, will allow the user to continue.

If the password is incorrect the Key Function Display will return to theinitial options.

See "Setting Up The System", page 3-1, for details of how to change (orcancel) the passwords.

Note : The password entry screen is not shown in subsequent keypressdiagrams

SELECTINGA SCALE

First press MODE then repeatedly pressingSCALE will step through the availablemeasurement scales. Two scales, ri and bx arealways in the list and in addition, any of fiveuser defined scales can be included.

u1, u2, u3, u4 & u5 can be set by theoperator to specific product units such as% coffee solids or can be allocated to standard

alternative scales, e.g. oechsle. See page 3-6 for more details.

ri refractive index u1 user defined scale 1bx brix u2 used defined scale 2

u3 user defined scale 3u4 user defined scale 4u5 user defined scale 5

TEMPERATURECOMPENSATION

First press MODE then repeatedly pressing TCalternately selects ...

suud

and no

When su is selected, the reading will becorrected to 20°C. This compensation is valid

for sugar solutions, products where sugar forms a predominant part ofthe measurement or samples with a temperature coefficient similar tosugar solutions. See page 2-8 for further details. Selecting ud willactivate the used defined temperature mode, see page 3-9 for details.

BASIC OPERATION 2-5

READINGRECURRENCE

First press MODE, then repeatedly pressingRDGs will step through 3 or 5 readingrecurrence modes, depending on theinstrument model.

single rdgcont rdgs

cont rdg+prtmulti rdg+prt

5 rdgs+prt

Note: If ’printer type’ is set to none (see page 3-5), the modes withcontinuous printing cannot be selected.

The operation of each mode is described in the table below.

Reading recurrence mode

single rdg When READ is pressed, a measurement will betaken, the reading displayed and then theinstrument will wait for a further keypress

cont rdgs Measurements will be repeatedly taken,automatically, and the readings displayed.Between successive readings, a pause allows theoperator to press a key if required. This pausecan be extended to decrease the readingrepetition rate by entering a DELAY BEFOREREADING (see page 3-4)

cont rdg+prt Similar to cont rdgs but at the completion of eachmeasurement, the reading value will also be sentto the RS232 serial port for printing

multi rdg+prt When READ is press the instrument will operatejust as in single rdg. However, when PRINT ispressed the user is prompted to enter a numberof readings to be taken. The instrument will thentake the selected number of readings and sendeach value to the RS232 serial port for printingfollowed by a summary analysis of the data.

5 rdgs+prt Similar to multi rdg+prt but the number ofreadings are set to 5 and the summary dataanalysis can be optionally selected (see page 3-6).

The format of printed data will vary depending on the reading recurrencemode and the printer type selected (see page 3-5). Typical examples areshown in Appendix D.

2-6 BASIC OPERATION

Sampling Techniques

In order to achieve the maximum performance from the RFM300 Series refractometer, it is essentialthat extreme care is taken when cleaning the instrument and applying sample to the prism. Sampleconcentration may vary considerably from the surface to the centre of a mass whether in a beaker oron a spoon or spatula.

Both evaporation and temperature stabilisation can cause remarkably rapid drifting unless care istaken.

CLEANING Always clean both the prism surface and the presser immediately aftertaking readings. Sample that has remained on the prism for long periodscan be difficult to remove and small particles of dried matter cansubsequently dissolve into later samples.

Use clean tissue with water to remove old sample then dry with freshclean tissue. Some samples, particularly oils and other chemicals, willrequire the use of a solvent, such as methyl alcohol, for removal andcleaning. NEVER use acetone, white spirit, ’Genklene’, ’Arklone’ or anyabrasive cleansers on any painted surface or, particularly, the membranekeypad panel.

SAMPLEAPPLICATION

Always take sample from the centre of a container not from the surfacewhere higher concentration skin layers will be present. Keep the timetaken to transport the sample from the container to the prism to anabsolute minimum to limit evaporation. With low viscosity liquids, use adisposable pipette once only. With high viscosity samples, scoop outsufficient with a clean, dry spatula. NEVER pour a sample directly froma container onto the prism.

SAMPLEPRESSER

The sample presser will improve measurement accuracy and repeatabilityby:-

1. Forcing the sample into intimate contact with the prismsurface. This is particularly important with viscous, highconcentration samples.

2. Providing an ’enclosed’ environment for the sample sominimising contact with the air and limiting evaporation.

3. Preventing strong ambient light from affecting the readingquality.

TEMPERATURESTABILITY

The refractive index of liquids changes significantly with temperature. Itis important that the temperature of a sample is constant throughout it’smass before an accurate reading can be taken. To minimise the timenecessary to achieve stabilisation, apply a sample sufficient in size to justcover the prism and give a reliable reading.

BASIC OPERATION 2-7

Temperature Control and Compensation

WHYCONTROL THE

TEMPERATURE?

As the refractive index of liquids varies with temperature, it is of vitalimportance that the temperature of the sample is monitored andcontrolled. The main advantage of temperature control is that it allowsthe refractometer to run at the same (or at least near to the) temperatureof the product under test. This has the beneficial effect of reducing driftthrough a shorter sample stabilisation time and hence lessensinfluencing effects such as evaporation and corruption of the sample.Wherever possible, it is highly recommended to control the temperatureof the refractometer and the sample too, with a water bath or circulator.

SUGARTEMPERATURE

COMPENSATION

The sugar temperature compensation applied in the RFM300refractometers is that required for water and sucrose solutions. Itconforms to the published Icumsa 1978 correction tables which coversthe ranges 10 to 40°C and 0 to 80° Brix and has been extended to cover5 to 60°C by using additional data. Although the correction is specificallyapplicable to pure sucrose solutions, it is also valid for many sugar basedfood products. However, it must be stressed that the correction valuesmay be unsuitable for other, non-sugar based, products and great careshould be exercised if the compensation mode is used with these samples.

The compensation mode corrects readings from the refractometer backto 20°C. That is, it allows the refractometer to run at the temperature ofthe product under test but produces readings as if the system wasrunning at 20°C.

However, temperature compensation should not be considered as just analternative to temperature control. If the sample temperature is changing(eg. after a warm sample is applied to a cool prism) then there isinevitably a delay between the actual temperature of the sample incontact with the prism face and the temperature detected by the sampletemperature probe; (the probe cannot have instant response). Therefore,there is bound to be some degree of inaccuracy from the compensationcalculations.

Temperature compensation will only be valid if the detected sampletemperature is stable, so there is a great advantage in controlling theprism temperature to rapidly achieve stability.

To simplify routine measurement procedures, a delay period of 0 to 9999seconds can be selected. This will then delay printing a reading to allowfor temperature stabilisation. See "Set Delay Before Reading" in section 3,Setting up the System.

2-8 BASIC OPERATION

S E C T I O N 3

Setting Up the System

The QUIT soft-key can be used at any time during the following operations to return to the initial soft-key options (Setup, Mode, Read, Print), or to cancel the current operation.

Passwords 3-1Entering the Password 3-1Change Password 3-1Display the Software version 3-1

Calibration 3-2Set Zero 3-2Set Span 3-2Entering a Number 3-2

Configuration 3-3Reading Quality 3-3Display Resolution 3-3Set Delay Before Reading 3-4Alter RS232 3-4Select a Printer Type 3-5Batch & Operator Codes 3-55 rdgs+prt Print Summary 3-6Setting the Clock 3-6Changing the Date Format 3-7Changing the Display Contrast 3-7

Temperature Probes 3-8Select Temperature Probe for Compensation 3-8Select Temperature Probe Tolerance Letter 3-8

User Defined Temperature Compensation 3-9Setting the User Defined Temperature Coefficient Constant 3-9Selecting the User Defined Temperature Compensation Mode 3-9

User Defined Scales 3-10Select a Standard User Defined Scale 3-11Create a Special User Defined Scale 3-12Cancel a User Defined Scale 3-13

Key Function Map 3-MAP

SETTING UP THE SYSTEM 3


Passwords

All of the setting up functions described in this section are accessed by pressing the SETUP key,following which, the operator will be prompted to enter a password. There are 2 passwords in theRFM300 Series refractometers; the "operator" password and the "supervisor" password. The "operator"password allows access to the MODE functions only and the "supervisor" which provides unrestrictedoperation of all MODE and SETUP functions. Each password is a 3 digit number in the range 001 to255 and is initially set as follows:-

"Operator" 123"Supervisor" 135

ENTERING THEPASSWORD

After pressing SETUP the user is prompted toenter the password. The first three keystrokeswill be accepted and, if found to match thepassword, will allow the user to continue.

If the password is incorrect the Key Function Display will return to theinitial options.

Note : The password entry screen is not shown in subsequent keypressdiagrams

CHANGEPASSWORDS

The "operator" and "supervisor" passwordscan be changed to any three digit numbers inthe range 001 to 255. The first threekeystrokes will be accepted; if an incorrect keyis pressed, QUIT and start again.

Setting the "operator" password to 000 will give unrestricted access to theMODE functions and the "Key in password:" screen will not be displayedafter pressing MODE.Setting the "supervisor" password to 000 will give unrestricted access toboth the MODE & SETUP functions and the "Key in password:" screenwill not be displayed after pressing MODE or SETUP.

CAUTION!Access to the MODE & SETUP functions is only possible by entering thepasswords.DO NOT FORGET THEM!

In the event of passwords being forgotten contact Bellingham & StanleyService Department for assistance.

DISPLAY THESOFTWARE

VERSION

This keypress sequence will show the softwareversion on the lower line of the display in theform:-

Prog: RFM340 25-804-02

Where25-804 is the software code

02 is the software version

SETTING UP THE SYSTEM 3-1

Calibration

Calibration is essential to ensure accurate readings over the required measuring range and should beperformed at the low end (ZERO) and the high end (SPAN) of this range with samples of known values.

There are two user adjustments to the calibration which should be checked at regular intervals,e.g. daily, and set if necessary. These are ZERO, which can be considered as an offset to the displayedvalues, and SPAN, which is a scaling, or multiplying, factor. Although the ideal sample for setting ZEROis distilled water, any known sample at the low end of the measurement range can be used. SPANshould be checked with a known sample at the upper end of the measurement range.

The sample should be placed on the prism and allowed to stabilise prior to selecting the ZERO or SPANroutine described below. ZERO & SPAN are set with the MODE conditions currently selected, i.e. on anyof the seven scales and with or without temperature compensation.

SET ZERO Apply water or sample and allow to stabilisebefore commencing ZERO routine.

Press ENTER to calibrate at the default valuedisplayed or key in the actual sample value.

Pressing ENTER will take a reading andcorrect it to the new value.

SET SPAN Apply sample and allow to stabilise beforecommencing SPAN routine.

Press ENTER to calibrate at the default valuedisplayed or key in the actual sample value.

Pressing ENTER will take a reading andcorrect it to the new value.

ENTERING ANUMBER

The RFM300 will accept numeric input in either fixed decimal pointformat, e.g. 123.4 or in scientific notation as 1.234E2. One of the soft-keys (second from left) gives access to the minus (-), decimal point (.) andexponent (E) symbols that will be required to enter both numericalformats. As the operator enters the number the RFM300 responds to thekey strokes by changing the symbol that the soft-key offers. If an erroris made while entering the number the operator may use the CLEAR soft-key to erase the entry. The ENTER soft-key is available throughout theprocess and may be pressed at any time to accept the entry. Note thatif the number being entered is negative, then press the minus soft-keybefore entering the number. Otherwise, if the number is less than 1, thenpress 0 first to show the decimal point soft-key.

3-2 SETTING UP THE SYSTEM

Configuration

READINGQUALITY

Press SETUP, CONFG, DSPLY & QUAL. Threeoptions are then shown on the top line...

NONE

DSPLY

or BLANK

Quality is an arbitrary figure used to describethe worth of a reading. The quality value isderived from the optical pattern caused byplacing a sample on the prism. A high quality

value indicates a well defined optical pattern which in turn makes thesignal easier to resolve; a low value indicates a less well defined patternand hence a less reliable reading.

The quality value for the sample used to set ZERO (normally distilledwater) is automatically set to 100, which can then be used as a referencewith which to compare other measured samples.

When DSPLY is selected, aQUALity number will be shown inthe centre of the lower line of thedisplay after a sample has been READ.

If you select BLANK, then you will berequested to enter a threshold value. If areading quality value falls below the thresholdvalue, the numerical screen is blanked.

If NONE is selected, the quality value will not be displayed or affect thedisplayed reading.

DISPLAYRESOLUTION

(320 & 340 models)

First press SETUP, CONFIG & DSPLY, thenrepeatedly pressing RESOL alternatelyselects...

lo

and hi

The resolution of the measurement readingboth on the display and to the printer will beas shown in the table.

Reading resolution

Scale lo hi

ri 0.0001 0.00001

other 0.1 0.01


SET DELAYBEFORE

READING

DELAY BEFORE READING causes a waitperiod after the READ key has been pressed(or between successive readings in continuousmode) before the READ function is actuallycommenced. This delay provides a fixed timefor the sample to stabilise on the prism and toachieve thermal equilibrium throughout thesample mass.

The valid delay range is 0 to 9999 seconds;0 seconds giving no delay.

ALTER RS232 There is an RS232C serial interface port onthe rear face of the instrument for sendingdata to a printer or for communication with aremote computer. The RS232C baud rate anddata word structure can be set by selectingALTER RS232. There are three baud ratesavailable, 300, 1200 & 9600, and two wordstructures, either 7 bit with even parity or8 bit with no parity.

There is a combined XON/XOFF software andDSR/DTR type hardware handshake controlsystem with connections on the Lemo 6 waysealed "E" type connector as shown below.

Interconnecting lead part no. 54-01 is suitablefor connection to a printer and, when used in conjunction with interfaceadaptors part no. 54-51, for connection to an IBM PC or equivalent.

Lemo6way

pin no.

Description Direction 54-0125way plug

pin no.

54-51

25way sktpin no.

9way sktpin no.

Body shell Protective ground 1 1 -

2 DTR out 6 6 6

3 DSR in 20 20 4

4 Signal ground 7 7 5

5 Received data in 2 2 3

6 Transmitted data out 3 3 2


SELECT APRINTER TYPE

The "printer type" can be set to...

none

24 column

or 40+ column

none will disable the printer output and shouldbe selected if a printer will not be used.

24 column should be selected if a Datac 24column printer (B&S code 55-02U) or similar is

to be used. If the printer has a print width of 40 or more columns, thenselect 40+ column.

The printout formats vary depending on the refractometer model and theprinter type selected. A detailed description of all printout formats isshown in Appendix D.

BATCH &OPERATOR

CODES

As well as being defined by the date and time,a printed reading can also be identified by twocode numbers; the Batch code which is a 6digit number and the Operator code which is 2digits.

Initially, both codes are inhibited fromoperation but either can be selected byentering BatOp numbers as follows:-

0 No Batch or Operator1 Batch code only2 Operator code only3 Batch & Operator codes

Other numbers could give unexpected results and so should not beentered.

When PRINT is pressed, you will be requested to enter a Batch code andthen an Operator code. If ENTER is pressed without pressing numberkeys, then the codes will be printed as 000000 and 0.


5 rdgs + prtPRINT

SUMMARY

At the end of every multi rdg+prt print run, asummary of the readings will be printed,including maximum, minimum, mean valuesetc.. Initially, this summary will not be printedat the end of a 5 rdgs + prt print sequencethough any of the summary items can beindividually selected by "5rdgs".

First, decide which summary items are to beprinted, then add together the values for thoseitems. Enter the number following the "5rdgs"sequence shown on the left.

Item Value

No. of readings 1

Minimum reading 2

Maximum reading 4

Mean of readings 8

Spread of readings 16

Standard deviation 32

Examples:

Enter 63 for all items to beprinted

Enter 6 for minimum andmaximum values only

Enter 0 for no summary

Numbers greater than 63 could giveunexpected results and so shouldnot be entered.

SETTING THECLOCK

This option allows the user to alter the currentdate and time held by the system’s real-time-clock.


CHANGING THEDATE FORMAT This option gives the user the choise of either

displaying the date and time using theEuropean format of DD-MM-YY (day-month-year) or American format of MM-DD-YY(month-day-year).

CHANGING THEDISPLAY

CONTRAST

This instrument has a user definable contrast setting for the matrix LCDdisplay. The contrast setting might require changing after the instrumenthas been defaulted. The contrast can also be effected by temperature, somight also require changing should the instrument be used at lowtemperatures.

To set the contrast, switch off the instrument. Whilst holding the ’5’ keyon the keyboard, switch on the instrument.

Current Contrast Value

Increase Contrast

Decrease Contrast

The current contrast value is displayed in the numerical screen. Pressing’1’ and ’6’ will decrease and increase the contrast respectively. When theideal contrast has been found, press the QUIT softkey to save anychanges.


Temperature Probes

SELECTTEMPERATURE

PROBEFOR

COMPENSATION

Allows selection of either the "sample"temperature probe (in the presser or flowcell)or the "prism" temperature probe (mountedinternally in the water jacket) for display oftemperature and temperature compensation ofthe reading if selected.

A p or s is shown after the temperature on thelower line of the display after a sample hasbeen READ, to indicate which probe is in use.

Note: The 330 model is fitted with a presser ora flowcell without a temperature probe and so

"Prism Probe" must be selected unless a non-standard presser or aflowcell has been added.

SELECTTEMPERATURE

PROBETOLERANCE

LETTER

The two temperature probes described aboveare high stability Pt100 sensors with a smallbut significant tolerance. If a temperatureprobe is replaced (e.g. a flowcell is fittedinstead of the original presser) then thetolerance must be keyed into the instrument.This is specified as a letter and can be foundon the sleeve around the connector body.

K

Probe toleranceletter

Press UP or DOWN until the correct letter➧

is displayed and then press SLCT.


User Defined Temperature Compensation

The RFM300 range of instruments incorporate a User Defined Temperature Compensation mode. Itenables the instrument to automatically correct for samples other than sucrose with knowntemperature coefficients. Temperature corrections are made using the following linear equation.

r = n + (A * (t - 20))

where r = corrected reading in refractive indexn = uncorrected reading in refractive indexA = sample temperature coefficient in refractive index / °Ct = temperature of selected active probe in °C

If the readings are to be displayed in any scale other than refractive index, then they will be convertedfrom r, the corrected refractive index value.

SETTING THEUSER DEFINEDTEMPERATURECOEFFICIENT

CONSTANT

The entered coefficient constant must be inrefractive index scale.

ri / °C

SELECTING THEUSER DEFINEDTEMPERATURE

COMPENSATIONMODE

To use the user defined temperature compensation select the udtemperature compensation mode from the MODE menu. (See page 2-6for more details)

After quitting from the MODE menu, the instrument will return back tothe main display and subsequent displayed readings will be correctedusing the UDTC equation.


User Defined Scales

The RFM300 Series refractometers can incorporate up to seven measurement scales, refractive index,brix and five user definable scale positions. Pressing MODE, SCALE, as described on page 2-5, will stepthrough the 2 permanent scales (ri and bx) and any of the 5 definable positions that have beenallocated.

Any of these 5 positions can be set by the operator to either ...

standard, fixed scale datastored in a scale table withinthe instrument

or ...

... to empirically determineddata to create special scalespertaining to a specificproduct.

For example, if a company isfamiliar with their ownparticular units, which couldbe as obscure as grams ofcoffee solids/gallon, then it ispossible to construct a userdefined scale to read directlyin these units, rather thanread in brix and use a crossreference chart.

ri

bx

A buB __C scD cfE --

Scale Selection List

PressingMODE,SCALEstepsthroughallallocatedscales

(see page 2-5)

0 ze1 o02 oe3 bu4 f15 f26 f37 bm8 sc9 ap10 --11 --12 --13 --14 --15 --

StandardScalesTable

(see page 3-11)

6 polynomial constantsentered by the user to

create a scale with units(and identification

characters) relevant to aspecific product

================In this example, the user

has enteredidentification characters

cf

SpeciallyCreatedScales

(see page 3-12)

←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓

↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓

←←←←←

←←←←←←←←←

←←←←←←←←←←←

←←←←←↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑

←←←←←←←


SELECT ASTANDARD

USERDEFINED

SCALE

There are up to 16 standard scales stored inthe RFM300 (though not all have been definedat the time of writing). Any standard scale canbe transferred across into the user definedscale selected.

Press UP or DOWN until the appropriate➧

User Scale (A,B,C,D,E) is displayed andpress SLCT.


Std Scale designation is displayed andpress SLCT.

The designation of undefined Scales is shown as "−−".

No. Desig. Scale

0 ze zeiss

1 o0 oechsle (no decimal place)

2 o2 oechsle (1 decimal place)

3 bu butyro

4 f1 42% fructose

5 f2 55% fructose

6 f3 90% fructose

7 bm baumé

8 sc sodium chloride

9 ap probable alcohol

10 −− not defined






Standard scales currently available


CREATE ASPECIAL

USERDEFINED

SCALE

The sequence to enter special scale DATAshown on the left, enables the operator to typein 6 polynomial constants for each userdefined scale.



Enter the value for polynomial constant A➧

(see "Entering a number" on page 3-2 forinformation on numeric entry). Thensimilarly enter values for constantsB,C,D,E,F. If any constants are notrequired, e.g. 4 term polynomial, thenenter 0.

The first of two scale identification➧

characters can then be entered. This caneither be 0 to 9, by pressing theappropriate numeric key, or a letter, bypressing UP/DOWN and then SLCT.

Then enter the second identification➧

character.

However, before commencing the process of creating a special userdefined scale with specific product units, a number of samples must beprepared with known values in the user units. The quantity of samplesrequired depends on the range to be covered, the degree of non-linearity(compared with refractive index) and the variability of the data, but theminimum number should be 6 with at least 10 being preferred. Thegeneral rule being, the more, the better.

The samples must then be measured on the refractometer, using therefractive index scale. Only use temperature compensation mode if thesample is sugar based or if the temperature coefficient is known to besimilar to that of sucrose solution. It is always preferable to control thetemperature of the refractometer wherever possible.

The refractometer is basically calibrated in refractive index. A 6 termpolynomial is then used to convert the readings to the user defined scaleunits as shown below:-

u = A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4 + Fx5

where u = reading in user unitsx = refractive index - 1.33and A,B,C,D,E,F are the polynomial constants


Once the sample data is available, the "RFM300 Utility Software", codeno. 25-265, supplied with the refractometer, should then be used tocalculate the polynomial constants. This software program will operate onany IBM compatible PC and can be used either independently, theconstants then being entered into the refractometer as shown on theprevious page, or with a link between refractometer and computer withinterface leads 54-01 & 54-51 when the constants will be downloadeddirectly.

Polynomials with 2 to 6 terms (including the offset) should be considered;any higher unused terms can be set to zero. Choose the number of termsthat gives minimum errors with the original data, providing that the lineruns smoothly through the points without any wild deviations. See thetypical curve below. This can best be established by viewing a graph ofthe points and the calculated line.

If an IBMcompatiblecomputer is notavailable, then B&Scan carry out thecomplete serviceeither calculatingconstants fromcustomer data orfrom suppliedsamples. ContactB&S salesdepartment fordetails.

CANCEL AUSER

DEFINEDSCALE

If any of the five User Defined Scales are notrequired for normal use, they can be removedfrom the SCALE selection list using thesequence shown on the left.



If all five User Defined Scales are Cancelled,then pressing SCALE will select only refractive index (ri) or brix (bx).



Key Function Map

Print thedisplayed reading

Take and displaya reading

Change passwords

Select temperaturecompensation, readingrecurrence mode & scale

Enter ZERO or SPANaim value and waitfor correction

Set the qualitymode

Set "delay beforereading" andreading resolution

Enter sample or prismtemperature probeselection toleranceletter

Select sample or prismtemperature probefor compensation

Set batch andoperatorvariable

Set 5rdgssummaryprintout mode

Setclock

Select printertype

Canceluser definedscale

Selectstandardscale no.

Enter UDSpolynomialconstants

Enter UDTCcoefficientconstant

SETTING UP THE SYSTEM 3-MAP


S E C T I O N 4

Error Conditions & Messages

Printing 4-1System Lockup 4-1Displayed Readings 4-1Memory Corruption 4-1Error Codes 4-2Setting Default Values 4-3

ERROR CONDITIONS & MESSAGES 4


Error Conditions & Messages

PRINTING When data is sent to the printer by pressing PRINT, the characters areplaced in an output buffer and are removed by the printer when it isready. If there is not a printer connected or the printer is "off-line", thenthe characters remain in the buffer and a message will be displayed,requesting you to select retry or quit. If the printer is now ready to print,press retry. Pressing quit will cancel the print and return you to the mainmenu.

SYSTEMLOCKUP

If at any time the instrument fails to respond to the soft keys or producesnonsensical displays, press SYSTEM RESET or switch the power off, thenon again.

DISPLAYEDREADINGS

If the display reading is or

then the calculated reading is out of range. This could be due to a poorsample application. Clean off and re-apply.

MEMORYCORRUPTION

Most of the numbers and values used in the refractometer calculationsare stored in volatile memory, i.e. when the instrument is switched off,the values are lost. There are some values, however, that must beretained even when the power is removed and these are held in a special,non-volatile memory. The instrument checks this stored data duringswitch-on initialisation and when the data is saved following a change inconfiguration. If an error is detected, a warning message will bedisplayed, similar to the screen shown below.

The user should press any key and theoperation will continue.

Refer to the table on the page below for a list of error codes.

ERROR CONDITIONS & MESSAGES 4-1

ERROR CODESMemory Corruption Error Codes

Errorcode

Problem Action

2 Incorrect setting intemperature or linearisationdata. Could cause possibletemperature or readinginaccuracies.

Contact B&S ServiceDepartment.

8 Unable to "save" currentsettings.

Press any key to clear theerror message, then pressCONFG, then QUIT. Thiswill retry the "save" routine.If error repeats, contactB&S Service Department.

20 Incorrect setting inlinearisation data. Couldcause possible readinginaccuracies.

Contact B&S ServiceDepartment.

When contacting B&S Service Department, please have the followinginformation ready:-

a. RFM300 serial number (on label at the rear of the instrumenthousing).

b. Software version (see page 3-1).

c. Error code.

4-2 ERROR CONDITIONS & MESSAGES

SETTINGDEFAULTVALUES

If an error code 4 has occurred or if the instrument fails to start upcorrectly after switching on, then it could be advisable to reset certainsettings to the original factory set (or default) values. Switch theinstrument off. Press, and hold down, the 9 key and switch on. Do notrelease the key until the screen shows ...

Selecting YES will set:-Reading mode single readingQuality display onDisplay resolution (if applicable) highDelay before reading 0 secondsOperator Password 123Supervisor Password 135Selected scale bxTemp compensation sutcRS232 serial conditions 9600, 8-bit, npScale selection list ri, bx onlyDate format DD-MM-YYPrinter type 24 column5rdgs printer summary noneBatch & Operator codes none

After pressing YES or NO, the next screen will be displayed ...

Selecting YES will set:-ZERO aimpoint (ri) 1.33299SPAN aimpoint (ri) 1.41000ZERO aimpoint (bx) 0.00SPAN aimpoint (bx) 45.00

ZERO/SPAN correction points are set to approximate values (this willensure that a reading value can be displayed, although it will beincorrect)

After pressing YES or NO, the next screen will be displayed ...

Selecting YES will set:-All U.D. scales Constant A 0All U.D. scales Constant B 476.19All U.D. scales Constant C 0All U.D. scales Constant D 0All U.D. scales Constant E 0All U.D. scales Constant F 0U.D. scales identification characters u1,u2,u3,u4,u5U.D. temperature compensation constant 0

After setting default values, it is essential that ZERO and SPAN areboth set.

ERROR CONDITIONS & MESSAGES 4-3


S E C T I O N 5

Specification

Performance 5-1Temperature 5-1Temperature Compensation 5-1Prism 5-1Prism Plate 5-1Interface 5-1Physical 5-2Power Requirements 5-2

SPECIFICATION 5


Specification

PERFORMANCEModel RFM311 RFM320 RFM330 RFM340

Refractive index

Range minimum 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33

Range maximum 1.43 1.43 1.54 1.54

Display resolution 0.0001 0.0001/0.00001

0.0001 0.0001/0.00001

Repeatability (±) 0.0001 0.00003 0.0001 0.00003

°Brix

Range minimum 0 0 0 0

Range maximum 50 50 95 95

Display resolution 0.1 0.1/0.01 0.1 0.1/0.01

Repeatability (±) 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02

TEMPERATURE Circulation water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 60°CAmbient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 45°CStorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 to 60°C

TEMPERATURECOMPENSATION

ICUMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 to 40°CExtended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 10 and 40 to 60°C

PRISM Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artificial sapphireND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7686Sample surface diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12mm

PRISMPLATE

Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 S 36 stainless steelDish diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43mmPrism gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Silicon rubber

INTERFACE Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RS232CBaud rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300, 1200 or 9600Word structure . . . . . . . 7 bit with even parity or 8 bit with no parityHandshaking . . . . . . . . . . . Combined DSR/DTR type + XON/XOFF

SPECIFICATION 5-1

PHYSICAL Models RFM320, RFM330, and RFM340

Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290mmWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210mmHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160mmWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2Kg

Model RFM311

Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220mmWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280mmHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350mmWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9Kg

POWERREQUIREMENTS

Power Supply types 55-104Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 to 230V~±10%Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 to 60 HzMax. load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 mA

5-2 SPECIFICATION

S E C T I O N 6

Spares & Accessories

Spare Parts 6-1Power Supplies 6-1Pressers 6-1Flow Through Cells 6-1Optional Accessories 6-1Miscellaneous 6-1

Flow Through Cells 6-2Introduction 6-2Continuous flow through cells 6-2Macro Funnel flow through cell 6-3Installation 6-4

SPARES & ACCESSORIES 6


Spare Parts

POWER SUPPLIES

PRESSERS

FLOWTHROUGH

CELLS

OPTIONALACCESSORIES

MISCELLANEOUS

DescriptionUK

Version230V

EuroVersion230V

USVersion110V

Power supply unit (all instruments) 55-104

Without temperature sensor (RFM330) 24-81

With temperature sensor (RFM320 & 340) 24-80

Micro bore continuous 24-82

Macro bore continuous 24-86

Macro bore funnel 24-83

Vertical continuous for RFM311 25-211

Printer interface cable - 25way "D" type plug 54-01

IBM PC or compatible computer adaptor(for use with 54-01)

54-51

Printer package including power supply andinterface cable 54-01

55-02U 55-02E 55-02S

Circulator (Heating and Cooling) including2 tubes 56-036 and 4 clips 56-035

56-16U 56-16E 56-16S

Circulator (Heating only) including2 tubes 56-036 and 4 clips 56-035

56-14U 56-14E 56-16S

Desiccator 13-395

Funnel for RFM311 80-299

Strainer for RFM311 80-300

Connector blanking cap (Serial Port) 23-65

Connector blanking cap (Temp Sensor)(RFM330)

62-023

Operators manual (English) 25-101

Operators manual (Spanish) 25-111

Operators manual (French) 25-112

Operators manual (German) 25-113

RFM300 Utility software (for remote operationand User Defined Scale creation)(for use on an IBM PC or compatible)

25-265

SPARES & ACCESSORIES 6-1

Flow Through Cells

INTRODUCTION The RFM300 series refractometers are supplied with a Sample PresserAssembly fitted as a standard item. The RFM330 comes fitted with asimple presser 24-81, the 320 and 340 have a more sophisticatedversion, 24-80, incorporating an integral temperature sensor and watercirculation jacket.

These pressers are intended for use where sample application would beundertaken manually with the aid of a spatula or pipette. However, thisapplication technique may be inappropriate for some products, so to meetthese alternative requirements, a range of sample application accessories,or flow through cells, are available.

Flow through cells come in two configurations, a funnel type and acontinuous flow type. The funnel type allows the user to pour samplefrom a flask, beaker or bottle into the flowcell. The continuous flow typeallows the RFM300 to be connected to a "process" where a continuousstream of sample is pumped through the cell.

Flow through cells have the added advantage of isolating the sample fromthe atmosphere thereby maintaining the sample in an uncorrupted statefor greater periods than that which would occur if a standard samplepresser was used.

CONTINUOUSFLOW THROUGH

CELLS

The Continuous flow through type cell design allows the connection of theRFM300 directly into a production system thereby enabling continuoussampling of the product. The Continuous flow through cell is available intwo forms: a Macro version and a Micro version. The Macro version hasan identical nozzle and cell capacity to that of the Funnel type, the Micro

6-2 SPARES & ACCESSORIES

version has approximately half the capacity of the Macro version.

The Micro flow-through cell is intended for applications where smallamounts of sample are available.

Both the Macro and Micro flow-through cells incorporate a watercirculation jacket to aid sample stabilisation and an integral temperaturesensor for faster temperature compensation. The design provides easyaccess to the prism face for cleaning by simple lever and latch retainingmechanism.

MACRO FUNNELFLOW THROUGH

CELL

The Macro Funnel flow through cell is designed forbatch sample application of low viscosity samples.The design features an anti-syphon ventedwaste system that accepts bulk sampleapplied from a bottle or similar vessel.Sample sizes should be in the regionof 50ml to allow the system to auto-matically flush the cell cavity andretain sufficient sample for thesystem to measure. The anti-syphon / auto-flushing systemrelies on the waste run-off pipenot exceeding the height of thecell cavity for reliable operation.The funnel flow throughcell incorporates anintegral temperaturesensor for fasttemperaturecompensation andthe design provideseasy access to the prismface for cleaning by a simplelever and latch retainingmechanism. The flowcellincorporates a water jacketthat may be connected tothe water circulationsystem of the RFM300 toaid sample stabilisation.

SPARES & ACCESSORIES 6-3

INSTALLATION If the RFM300 is connected to a water circulator, then disconnect it anddrain the water channels in the instrument. If the presser is equippedwith a temperature probe then unplug it from the left-hand side of theinstrument housing.

Separate the sample presser by removing the three screws from the rearof the Arm Mounting Block - see below.

ArmArm GasketMountingBlock

The presser should now be detached from the instrument and safelystored for future use. Inspect the intervening Arm Gasket; if it is mis-shapen or damaged, then replace it.

Offer the flow cell up to the Arm Mounting block, ensure that the gasketis correctly located in slot on the front of the block, and secure with thethree screws.

Connect the temperature probe and update the probe letter as describedin Section 3, Setting Up the System - Temperature Probes - SelectTemperature Probe Tolerance Letter.

Where appropriate, connect all piping and ensure that suitable pipe clipsare installed. Start the circulator and check for leaks.

The flow cell is secured to the prism plate by rotating the central ArmLever - up, to open the two Arm Latches - and down, to locate them overthe edge of the prism plate. Ensure that a good seal exists between therubber ring around the edge of the flow through cell cavity and the prismplate.

6-4 SPARES & ACCESSORIES

A P P E N D I C E S

Contents

Spanning techniques AIntroduction A-1Medium pros and cons A-1Setting span with a sugar solution A-2Setting span with an oil A-2Setting span with a reference fluid A-2Setting span with a test piece A-2

Preparation of sugar samples BIntroduction B-1Apparatus required B-1Constituents B-1Procedure B-2Notes B-2Sucrose sample record sheet B-3

Health and Safety Information CMethylene iodide C-1

Printout Formats DIntroduction D-1Single & Continuous readings (printer: 24 column) D-1Continuous + Prt (printer: 24 column) D-1Multi rdgs + Prt (printer: 24 column) D-25 Readings + Prt (printer: 24 column) D-2Single & Continuous readings (printer: 40+ column) D-3Continuous + Prt (printer: 40+ column) D-3Multi rdgs + Prt (printer: 40+ column) D-45 Readings + Prt (printer: 40+ column) D-4

CONTENTS


Spanning Techniques

INTRODUCTION As an aspect of regular maintenance, it is recommended that the zero andspan points of the RFM300 are periodically checked. Checking the zeropoint is easier than span as the medium used is invariably water whichis comparatively inert. Checking the span involves the use of standardliquids, which tend to be unstable, or solid test pieces which are oftendifficult to apply with repeatable results.

There are four groups of media that are commonly used for spancalibration: Sugar solutions, oils, standard reference fluids and testpieces. The choice of calibration sample should be the result of weighingup the advantages and disadvantages of a particular medium,considering what areas of the scale are predominantly used and theenvironment under which the measurements will be taken.

MEDIUM PROSAND CONS

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

SUGARSOLUTIONS

Easy and safe tohandle.

Subject to evaporation.Limit of 60°Brix.Short shelf life.

OILS Easy and safe tohandle.

High temperaturecoefficient.Temperature control towithin 0.1°C required.

REFERENCEFLUIDS

Easy and safe tohandle.Repeatable at specifiedtemperature.

High temperaturecoefficient.Expensive.Temperature control towithin 0.1°C required.

TEST PIECES Low temperaturecoefficient.

Difficult to applyconsistently.Contact fluid is ahazardous substance.

SPANNING TECHNIQUES A-1

SETTING SPANWITH A SUGAR

SOLUTION

a. Prepare or obtain a sugar solution with the requiredconcentration. See Appendix B.

b. Thoroughly clean the prism and presser.

c. Apply approximately 1ml of solution to the prism using adisposable pipette.

d. Allow time for the sample temperature to stabilise. Repeatedlypress "READ" until the readings are stable. Keep this stage asshort as possible otherwise the sample will be affected byevaporation.

e. Select the SPAN option. Re-apply and retest when the spanningprocess is complete.

SETTING SPANWITH AN OIL

a. As with sugar samples, calibration oils must be of knowncharacteristics. Oils tend to have a high temperature coefficientand therefore control of the instrument and sample temperaturesare of paramount importance.

b. Thoroughly clean the prism and presser. Use methyl alcohol ifthe previous sample was an oil.

c. Apply sufficient oil to the prism using a disposable pipette to givea depth of sample over the prism of approximately 2mm. Notethat the sample will form a meniscus against the sample dishwhich will tend to draw sample away from the prism.

d. Allow time for the sample temperature to stabilise. Repeatedlypress "READ" until the readings are stable.

e. Select the SPAN option. Re-apply and retest when the spanningprocess is complete.

SETTING SPANWITH A

REFERENCE FLUID

a. All the conditions that apply to oils apply to reference fluids withthe following exceptions. Firstly, check that the manufacturerspecifies a reading value for the temperature that the fluid will beused at. Secondly, reference fluids are expensive because theyare certified accurate at a given temperature - DO NOTECONOMISE BY PLACING TOO LITTLE ON THE PRISM.

SETTING SPANWITH A TEST PIECE

a. Clean prism and test piece thoroughly using methyl alcohol.

b. Place a very small quantity of contact liquid (methylene iodide, seeAppendix C) on either the prism or the polished surface of thetest piece, (less than the area of a pin head).

c. Place the test piece on the prism and press down to make as gooda contact as possible.

d. Remove the test piece and wipe off any contact liquid using cleantissue.

A-2 SPANNING TECHNIQUES

e. Replace the test piece on the prism using only the contact liquidleft on the prism. Do not use extra liquid.

f. The test piece should now ’stick’ to the prism with the minimalamount of contact liquid and should be very difficult to remove.If necessary, repeat removal of the test piece and wiping surpluscontact liquid off the test piece until good contact is achieved.

g. When the test piece is correctly in contact, the reading will bereasonably stable and pressure applied to the test piece will notalter this.

h. Select the SPAN option. Re-apply and retest to verify theapplication.

i. Drip methyl alcohol around the test piece. It should then bepossible to lift off the test piece without undue effort. Clean theprism with methyl alcohol.

SPANNING TECHNIQUES A-3


Preparation of Sugar Samples

INTRODUCTION Accurate sugar solutions provide a simple and convenient method ofsetting calibration but if the results are to be meaningful, must beprepared with great care and attention to detail.

Sugar samples are prepared by weight of sugar / weight of solution; eg.:-

15 grams of sucrose + 85 grams of water = 15% sugar (or 15°Brix).

Concentrations higher than 60% are not recommended as they aredifficult to dissolve and crystallise easily. If kept in a refrigerator at lessthan 5°C, samples will remain accurate for one week. After this time,significant bacterial growth can occur, particularly with lowconcentrations, and they should be discarded.

Prepare a "Sugar Sample Record Sheet" as shown on page B-3 andalways write down measured weights and calculations. This will assist inverification if the sample later appears to be incorrect.

APPARATUSREQUIRED

Balance: Minimum range- 0-160 grams; resolution- 0.001 gram.

Containers: Recommended- 175ml low density polyethylene, screwcapbottles. It is vital that the cap provides a good seal & it isadvantageous if the material is lightweight to minimisethe tare.

Shaker: Optional but will speed up mixing and dissolving,particularly with high concentration samples.

CONSTITUENTS Distilled water.

Sucrose. Normal granulated sugar is suitable provided it is kept dryand clean.

PREPARATION OF SUGAR SAMPLES B-1

PROCEDURE a. Ensure the container & cap are clean & free from dust and areperfectly dry.

b. Place container on the balance pan and tare (re-zero; if a tarefacility is not available, then record the container weight &subtract from subsequent readings).

c. Pour sugar into the container to as near as possible to "SucroseWeight - Aim Grams" value.

d. Enter "Sucrose Weight - Actual Grams" in column B.

e. Calculate "Total Weight - Aim Grams" from B × ( 100 / A )

f. Add distilled water to the container to as near as possible to "TotalWeight - Aim Grams". If the weight should overshoot, DO NOTattempt to remove any water from the container; use the weightshown or discard the sample and re-start.

g. Enter "Total Weight - Actual Grams" in column C.

h. Calculate "Actual Concentration" from B / C × 100 and enter thevalue rounded to two decimal places.

i. Write Actual Concentration on a self adhesive label and stick onthe container. Place the cap on the container.

j. Place the container in the shaker and agitate for a minimum of 20minutes or swirl the sample in the container by hand until fullydissolved.

k. Leave the sample in a refrigerator overnight to stabilise.

l. Agitate the sample very slowly for 10 minutes or gently swirl thecontainer by hand to ensure total mixing.

m. Store in a refrigerator at 2-5°C until required (DO NOT allow tofreeze).

n. Discard the sample after 7 days.

NOTES: 1. Switch on the balance 30 minutes before use to stabilise.

2. Sterility is vital. If there is any doubt about a sample, discard itand repeat.

3. The "Sugar Weight - Aim Grams" values shown on the next pageare designed to make best use of the balance and containersrecommended but can be varied to suit other equipment.

B-2 PREPARATION OF SUGAR SAMPLES

SUCROSE SAMPLE RECORD SHEET

Batch Number :Date :Operator :

A B 100/A B*(100/A) C (B/C)*100

Reqd. Conc. Sucrose Weight Total Weight Actual Conc.

% Aim Grams Actual Grams Aim Grams Actual Grams %

5 5 * 20.0000 =

10 10 * 10.0000 =

15 15 * 6.66667 =

20 22 * 5.00000 =

25 29 * 4.00000 =

30 35 * 3.33333 =

35 42 * 2.85714 =

40 48 * 2.50000 =

45 55 * 2.22222 =

50 62 * 2.00000 =

55 70 * 1.81818 =

60 83 * 1.66667 =

* =

* =

* =

* =

* =

* =

* =

* =

* =

* =

PREPARATION OF SUGAR SAMPLES B-3


Health & Safety Information

Methylene iodide

Physical data

Appearance and odour: Colourless to pale brown liquid, chloroform-like odour.Melting point: 6°CBoiling point: 180°C (decomposes)Wt per ml @ 20°C: 3.32gSolubility in water: Immiscible

Fire and explosion hazard

Flash point: None

Health hazard

TLV: UnknownLD50: No data

Effect on:- Emergency First Aid:-

Inhalation: Harmful Remove from exposure, rest and keep warm;obtain medical attention.

Eyes: Irritates Irrigate thoroughly with water; if splashing hasoccurred or in severe cases, obtain medicalattention.

Skin contact: Irritates Wash thoroughly with soap and water; obtainmedical attention. Remove and air contaminatedclothing before re-use.

Ingestion: Harmful Wash out mouth thoroughly with water; obtainmedical attention.

Reactivity

Stability: Darkens on exposure to air.Reaction with water: None.Decomposition products: Highly toxic fumes of iodides.

HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION C-1

Spillage disposal

Small spillage: Absorb on sand, shovel into bucket and transfer to open area forburial. Site of spillage should be washed thoroughly with waterand soap or detergent.

Special protective measures

Ventilation: Local exhaustGeneralSpecial - fume cupboard if handling large quantities

Gloves: NitrileEye protection: Goggles

Notes:

1. Data source, BDH Limited.

2. Although the amount of methylene iodide supplied by Bellingham & Stanley Ltd. for use as atest piece contact liquid is small in comparison with the typical laboratory quantities that thisinformation was prepared for, the data is still generally applicable and inhalation and all skincontact should be positively avoided.

C-2 HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION

Printout Formats

INTRODUCTION This appendix section will show you the printed output from the RFM300when using different printers and reading recurrence modes.

SINGLE &CONTINUOUS

READINGSPrinter: 24 column

With eitherBatch or Operator codes

operational

Heading repeated every 8 readings

Without eitherBatch or Operator codes

operational


RFM340 BT99123 28-09-99Z= 26-09-99 S= 26-09-99ri notc (p), Delay = 0Batch: 123456 Op: 0

13:35 1.36987 20.0’CBatch: 123457 Op: 0

13:38 1.38733 20.0’CBatch: 123458 Op: 0

13:44 1.41002 20.0’CBatch: 123458 Op: 0

13:46 1.36982 20.0’CBatch: 123458 Op: 0

13:58 1.36893 20.0’CBatch: 123458 Op: 0

14:04 1.41211 20.1’CBatch: 123458 Op: 0

14:09 1.40366 20.1’CBatch: 123457 Op: 0

14:12 1.38733 20.0’C

RFM340 BT99123 28-09-99Z= 26-09-99 S= 26-09-99ri notc (p), Delay = 0

13:35 1.36987 20.0’C13:38 1.38733 20.0’C13:44 1.41002 20.0’C13:46 1.36982 20.0’C13:58 1.36893 20.0’C14:04 1.41211 20.1’C14:09 1.40366 20.1’C14:12 1.38733 20.0’C

RFM340 Model CodeBT99123 Serial Number28-09-99 Date of printingZ= 26-09-99 Date of last zeroS= 26-09-99 Date of last spanri Scale identifier codenotc Temp. compensation mode(p) Temperature probeDelay = 0 Delay in secondsBatch: 123456 Batch codeOp: 0 Operator code13:35 Time of printing1.36987 Reading in selected scale20.0’C Temperature when reading

CONTINUOUS+PRTPrinter: 24 column


RFM340 BT99123 28-09-99Z= 26-09-99 S= 26-09-99ri notc (p), Delay = 0

13:35 1.36987 20.0’C13:38 1.38733 20.0’C13:44 1.41002 20.0’C13:46 1.36982 20.0’C13:58 1.36893 20.0’C14:04 1.41211 20.1’C14:09 1.40366 20.1’C14:17 1.39768 20.0’C13:35 1.36987 20.0’C13:38 1.38733 20.0’C13:44 1.41002 20.0’C13:46 1.36982 20.0’C13:58 1.36893 20.0’C14:04 1.41211 20.1’C14:09 1.40366 20.1’C14:17 1.39768 20.0’C

RFM340 Model CodeBT99123 Serial Number28-09-99 Todays dateZ= 26-09-99 Date of last zeroS= 26-09-99 Date of last spanri Scale identifier codenotc Temp. compensation mode(p) Temperature probeDelay = 0 Delay in seconds13:35 Time of printing1.36987 Reading in selected scale20.0’C Temperature when reading

PRINTOUT FORMATS D-1

MULTI RDGs+PRTPrinter: 24 column RFM340 BT99123 28-09-99

Z= 26-09-99 S= 26-09-99ri notc (p), Delay = 0

13:35 1.36987 20.0’C13:38 1.38733 20.0’C13:44 1.41002 20.0’C13:46 1.36982 20.0’C13:58 1.36893 20.0’C14:04 1.41211 20.1’C14:09 1.40366 20.1’C14:17 1.39768 20.0’C14:35 1.36987 20.0’C14:38 1.38733 20.0’C14:44 1.41002 20.0’C14:46 1.36982 20.0’C14:58 1.36893 20.0’C15:04 1.41211 20.1’C15:09 1.40366 20.1’C15:17 1.39768 20.0’C

16 readingsMin: 1.36893Max: 1.41211Mean: 1.38993Spread: 0.43128Std Dev: 0.02645

RFM340 Model CodeBT99123 Serial Number28-09-99 Todays dateZ= 26-09-99 Date of last zeroS= 26-09-99 Date of last spanri Scale identifier codenotc Temp. compensation mode(p) Temperature probeDelay = 0 Delay in seconds13:35 Time of printing1.36987 Reading in selected scale20.0’C Temperature when reading16 readings Number of readings1.36893 Smallest reading1.41211 Largest reading1.38993 Mean average reading0.43128 Spread of the readings0.02645 Standard Deviation of the

readings

5 READINGS +PRT

Printer: 24 column

RFM340 BT99123 22-01-95Z= 26-09-99 S= 26-09-99bx sutc (s) Delay = 5Batch: 900125 Op: 0

10:01 12.34 27.8’C10:01 12.36 27.8’C10:02 12.35 27.8’C10:02 12.36 27.8’C10:02 12.35 27.8’C

5 readingsMin: 12.34Max: 12.36Mean: 12.35Spread: 0.02Std Dev: 0.01

RFM340 Model CodeBT99123 Serial Number28-09-99 Todays dateZ= 26-09-99 Date of last zeroS= 26-09-99 Date of last spanbx Scale identifier codesutc Temp. compensation mode(s) Temperature probeDelay = 5 Delay in secondsBatch: 900125 Batch codeOp: 0 Operator code10:01 Time of printing12.34 Reading in selected scale27.8’C Temperature when reading(Optional)5 readings Number of readings12.34 Smallest reading12.36 Largest reading12.35 Mean average reading0.02 Spread of the readings0.01 Standard Deviation of the

readings

D-2 PRINTOUT FORMATS

SINGLE &RFM340

Model CodeBT99123

Serial NumberDate: 28-09-99

Todays dateDelay: 4

Delay in secondsLast ZERO:

Date of last zeroLast SPAN:

Date of last spanri

Scale identifier codenotc

Temp. compensation mode(s)

Temperature probe123456

Batch code0

Operator code13:35

Time of printing1.36987

Reading in selected scale20.0’C

Temperature when reading89

Reading quality value

CONTINUOUSREADINGS

Printer: 40+ column


RFM340 BT99123 Date: 28-09-99 Delay: 4Last ZERO: 26-09-99 Last SPAN: 26-09-99

Batch Op Time ri notc Temp(s) Qual123456 0 13:35 1.36987 20.0’C 89123457 0 13:38 1.38733 20.0’C 88123458 0 13:44 1.41002 20.0’C 87123458 0 13:46 1.36982 20.0’C 88123458 0 13:58 1.36893 20.0’C 88123458 0 14:04 1.41211 20.1’C 91123458 0 14:09 1.40366 20.1’C 89123458 0 14:17 1.39768 20.0’C 88123456 0 14:35 1.36987 20.0’C 87123457 0 14:38 1.38733 20.0’C 88123458 0 14:44 1.41002 20.0’C 88123458 0 14:46 1.36982 20.0’C 91123458 0 14:58 1.36893 20.0’C 96123458 0 15:04 1.41211 20.1’C 95123458 0 15:09 1.40366 20.1’C 97123458 0 15:17 1.39768 20.0’C 96


Batch Op Time ri notc Temp(s) Qual123456 0 15:35 1.36987 20.0’C 89123457 0 15:38 1.38733 20.0’C 88123458 0 15:44 1.41002 20.0’C 87123458 0 15:46 1.36982 20.0’C 88123458 0 15:58 1.36893 20.0’C 88123458 0 16:04 1.41211 20.1’C 91123458 0 16:09 1.40366 20.1’C 89123458 0 16:17 1.39768 20.0’C 88123456 0 16:35 1.36987 20.0’C 87123457 0 16:38 1.38733 20.0’C 88123458 0 16:44 1.41002 20.0’C 88123458 0 16:46 1.36982 20.0’C 91123458 0 16:58 1.36893 20.0’C 96123458 0 16:04 1.41211 20.1’C 95123458 0 16:09 1.40366 20.1’C 97123458 0 16:17 1.39768 20.0’C 96

CONTINUOUS+PRTPrinter: 40+ column



Time ri notc Temp(s) Qual13:35 1.36987 20.0’C 8913:38 1.38733 20.0’C 8813:44 1.41002 20.0’C 8913:46 1.36982 20.0’C 8913:58 1.36893 20.0’C 9014:04 1.41211 20.1’C 8814:09 1.40366 20.1’C 8914:17 1.39768 20.0’C 8913:35 1.36987 20.0’C 8913:38 1.38733 20.0’C 8913:44 1.41002 20.0’C 8913:46 1.36982 20.0’C 8913:58 1.36893 20.0’C 9014:04 1.41211 20.1’C 9014:09 1.40366 20.1’C 8914:17 1.39768 20.0’C 89

PRINTOUT FORMATS D-3

MULTI RDGs+PRTRFM340

Model CodeBT99123

Serial NumberDate: 28-09-99

Todays dateDelay: 3

Delay in secondsLast ZERO:

Date of last zeroLast SPAN:

Date of last spanri

Scale identifier codenotc

Temp. compensation mode(s)

Temperature probeBatch: 123456

Batch codeOp: 0

Operator code13:35

Time of printing1.36987

Reading in selected scale20.0’C

Temperature when reading89

Reading quality value16 readings

Number of readings1.38993

Smallest reading1.41211

Largest reading1.38993

Mean of the readings0.43128

Spread of the readings1.38993

Standard deviation ofreadings

Printer: 40+ column RFM340 BT99123 Date: 28-09-99 Delay: 3Last ZERO: 26-09-99 Last SPAN: 23-09-99

Time ri notc Temp(s) Qual13:35 1.36987 20.0’C 8913:38 1.38733 20.0’C 8813:44 1.41002 20.0’C 8913:46 1.36982 20.0’C 8913:58 1.36893 20.0’C 9014:04 1.41211 20.1’C 8814:09 1.40366 20.1’C 8914:17 1.39768 20.0’C 8913:35 1.36987 20.0’C 8913:38 1.38733 20.0’C 8913:44 1.41002 20.0’C 8913:46 1.36982 20.0’C 8913:58 1.36893 20.0’C 9014:04 1.41211 20.1’C 9014:09 1.40366 20.1’C 8914:17 1.39768 20.0’C 89

16 readingsMax: 1.41211Min: 1.36893Spread: 0.04318Std Dev: 1.38993

5 READINGS +PRT

Printer: 40+ column


Time ri notc Temp(s) Qual13:35 1.36987 20.0’C 8913:38 1.38733 20.0’C 8813:44 1.41002 20.0’C 8913:46 1.36982 20.0’C 8913:58 1.36893 20.0’C 90

5 readingsMax: 1.41002Min: 1.36893Mean: 1.38993Spread: 0.04318Std Dev: 0.02164

D-4 PRINTOUT FORMATS

Documents

RFM300 SERIES REFRACTOMETER - LabMakelaar · RFM 300 SERIES REFRACTOMETER OPERATORS MANUAL Refractometer Models: RFM311 RFM320 RFM330 RFM340 Bellingham + Stanley Limited