REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONAL STATES IN THE ATLANTIC WORLDChapter 29

EUROPE IN THE 18TH CENTURY: BACKGROUND TO REVOLUTION

Paradigm Shifts

Population growth

Agricultural Revolution

Class Divisions

Global War

BRITISH IN NORTH AMERICA

Salutary neglect

Hanoverian Dynasty

Impact of the 7 Years WarFrench and Indian War

King George III

Stamp Act of 1765

De facto democracy

King George III

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Enlightenment thinking

John Locke: All people are created equal

and independentProperty proceeds governmentRevolution is not only right, but

in some cases necessary

John Locke

ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM / ABSOLUTISM

Natural Rights

Reform from Above

Fredrick the Great (Frederick II, Prussia)

Joseph II (Austria)

FRENCH REVOLUTION The American example

Successful overthrow of “tyranny”

Enlightenment ideasLocke

Outdated social orderNobility Middle class Peasantry

Decline of monarchy’s absolute powerLouis XVI is unpopularThe nobility has regained power

FRENCH REVOLUTION

Jacques Necker Director of General Finances

Pro- common people

Meeting of the Estates General 1789

First Estate – Clergy Second Estate – Nobility Third Estate – Everyone else

Each estate only gets one vote

FRENCH REVOLUTION National Assembly 1789

Tennis Court Oath

The Great Fear

Storming of the Bastille July 14, 1789

August Decrees

Women’s March on Versailles

Reforms

Declaration of Rights of Man & of the Citizen

The Bastille

FRENCH REVOLUTION 1791 – Constitution

Legislative Assembly

The Radical RepublicParis CommuneSeptember Massacres

National Convention

Committee on Public Safety JacobinsMaximillen RobespierreThe Reign of Terror

The Directory - 1799

Robespierre

NAPOLEON BONAPART First Consul

Napoleonic Code 1804

Nationalism

Failed Campaigns Great Britain The Continental System Russia

Congress of Vienna

Waterloo