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REVOLUTIONARY WAR
DIVISION AMONGST COLONISTS
LOYALISTS• Opposed Independence• Loyalty to King George III• Judges, governors, wealthy• Many loyalists wanted to avoid being
punished as rebels• Native Americans-viewed Colonists as
hostile• African Americans- promised freedom
from slavery if they fought for Britain
PATRIOTS• Supporters of Independence• Individuals who saw political and
economic advantages of an independent America• African Americans- many
supported Patriot cause as well
EARLY BATTLES
• British Goal: Isolate New England• Sent 32,000 troops to capture New York City• Forced Colonial troops to retreat South to Pennsylvania
• George Washington: sought to reclaim portions of southern New England• Christmas Night, 1776: led 2,500 men across Delaware River into New Jersey• Defeated Hessian (German mercenary) army in Trenton
• British Response: Capture capital of Philadelphia in September 1777• British in firm control as of September 1777
IMPORTANCE OF SARATOGA
• John Burgoyne- British general commanding army near Canada/NY border• Planned to lead army from Canada to Albany, NY• Plan included British army in NY advancing N to Albany to seal off New
England
• Burgoyne’s Army• Fought against American militia through upstate NY wilderness• PROBLEM: British troops were holding Philadelphia; No support coming to
meet Burgoyne’s Army
SARATOGA CT’DBurgoyne’s troops were surrounded at Saratoga on October 17, 1777
- American troops led by General Benedict Arnold
- Burgoyne forced to surrender
FRANCE: Bitter enemies with England
- Secretly supported Colonies
- Victory at Saratoga gave French the belief that Colonists could win the war
- 1778: France enters into war and fights with the Colonists
WAR SWINGS IN COLONISTS’ FAVOR
• Valley Forge, PA: location of winter camp of George Washington’s army• Camp low on food, supplies; 2,000 died• Remainder of troops did not abandon army (Pg. 60)
• Continental Army received training from Prussian and French Generals; prepared to march S toward Virginia
END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR
• Saratoga: bad loss for British• Focused their attack on Southern Colonies (VA, SC, GA)• By 1780, British had captured Savannah, GA, Charles Town, SC
• Led by General Charles Cornwallis
• Cornwallis: could never capture North Carolina; focused on Virginia• Marched 7,500 troops to Yorktown, VA• George Washington, Marquis de Lafayette learned of Cornwallis’ plans
• Washington advanced toward Yorktown• Lafayette’s French naval force set up blockade in Chesapeake Bay• Cornwallis’ army surrounded by 17,000 American and French soldiers• October 19, 1781: Cornwallis surrenders
RESULTS OF REV WAR1. Treaty of Paris confirmed
independence and boundaries of America
2. U.S now encompassed Atlantic coast in E to Mississippi River in W
3. Canada in N, Florida in S4. Notion of Egalitarianism
amongst White Males (Women, African Americans did not obtain many rights)
5. Native American tribal lands were unprotected by Treaty of Paris