Revision Guide Year 11 Only - Elmgreen School€¦ · Revision Guide Year 11 Only In the exam you will be asked to answer four of six questions. Each question is worth 18 marks. Those

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Religious Philosophy and Ultimate Questions

Revision Guide

Year 11 Only

In the exam you will be asked to answer four of six questions. Each question is

worth 18 marks. Those which we have studied, and therefore which you MUST

answer are;

Topic 1 (Question 1 in the exam) – The existence of God (pages 3-13)

Topic 2 (Question 3 in the exam) – The problems of evil and suffering

(pages 14-21)

Topic 3 (Question 5 in the exam) – Miracles (22-29)

Topic 4 (Question 6 in the exam) – Science and religion (30-38)

Do not answer Question 2 or 4. We will not have studied these.

Intervention for RE takes

place on a targeted bases with

Teachers working with small

groups for specific periods of

time.

There are breakfast

interventions which are open

to all students

BREAKFAST INTERVENTION!

Tuesdays, 07:30 – 08:15. Room 111

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Read this first! Key info on the revision booklet

Between September and March, you will cover all of the content within this revision booklet in your

lessons, preparing you for your exam on 4th June (provisional date). This exam is the second RE exam

you will do, and will contribute 50% towards your overall FULL GCSE grade.

As RE is only 1 lesson a week, your success in the subject will largely be down to how well you

learn the two revision booklets, as well as your completion of homework and class activities.

Why do this revision booklet? Success is usually about hard work. Look at these two quotes;

Hard work pays off!!To help you complete the booklet below we have added a tick sheet so that you can

monitor your progress. Here are the actions which you need to complete prior to the exam;

Action Date

completed

Re-cap 1-4 weeks

before the exam? (tick)

Re-cap 1-3 days before

the exam? (tick)

1. Cut out and write the key-

word cards

2. Learn all key-word card

definitions

3. Complete Topic 1 tasks and do

(at least) one past paper

4. Complete Topic 2 tasks and

do (at least) one past paper





“You have to fight to reach your dream. You have to

sacrifice and work hard for it.” (Messi)

“I wanted to sell a million records, and I sold a million

records. I wanted to go platinum; I went platinum. I've

been working nonstop since I was 15.” (Beyonce)

Good luck. Remember to speak to your

teacher for any help, advice, or assistance.

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Topic 1 – The Existence of God

Definitions for the KEY-WORD cards

Use the definitions below to help you complete your key words cards.

A Theist is someone who believes in a that there is a God, the creator of the world

An Atheist is someone who does not believe in God.

Someone who is Agnostic is not sure what to believe. There is not enough proof for

God or Science at the moment.

Creation is the act by which God bought the world into being

Genesis Chapter 1 is the book of the bible which says that the world was made by God

in 6 days, with the 7th being a day of rest

The Cosmological (First Cause) Argument says that regardless of how the world

started, God is behind the creation

The Design (Teleological) Argument says that due to the complexity of the world,

there must have been a designer who must have been God

Paley’s Watch is the idea, suggested by William Paley that because complex things like

a watch have a designer, so the world must have a designer which must be God

Newton’s thumb is the idea, suggested by Isaac Newton, that because we each have

individual thumb prints, we must each be individually made by God

The Argument from Miracles says that the ‘miracles’ which have happened in the past

are proof that God exists

The Argument from religious experience says that because people claim to have

experienced God, this is proof that God exists

The Moral Argument says that humans are able to choose between ‘right’ and ‘wrong’

because we have been given morals and a conscience from God

The Theory of Evolution is the idea that human life evolved from other life forms.

(This could be used as an argument against the existence of God)

The Big Bang is the idea that the Universe and all life started 14 billion years ago

after a huge explosion. (This could be used as an argument against the existence of

God)

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Topic 1 – The Existence of God

Fundamentalist Christians believe God

made the Creation in the 7 day Creation

story in Genesis.

It is LITERALLY or word for word true.

Liberal Christians say the Bible is a

myth a story to help us understand the

world. They accept the Big Bang could

have created the Universe but that God

made the Big Bang.

Traditional Christians believe God did

create the Creation as it says in the Bible.

However this creation took longer than 24

hours per day. Each day was millions of

years not 24 hours.

Three different types of Christians;

1

2

3

A religious believer is known as a_________________

Someone unsure of their belief is _________________

Three words to describe God are;_________________;

_____________________; ______________________

What do ‘liberal Christians’ say about the Bible?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

What is the difference between a traditional and a

fundamental Christian?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

What you must know!

Does God

Exist? Could there be a bigger question?

In this topic you’ll learn

arguments for and against

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Below are some arguments for and against the existence of God. Colour the key boxes and

then colour those which match.

For the existence of God Against the existence of God

People have “experienced God

through prayers or dreams. People believe in God because

they are brought up to believe by

their parents or community.

Science offers an alternative

theory to the origins of the world

by The Big Bang Theory.

People experience miracles – an

event which breaks the laws of

nature /Science. People feel that

God must have made the event

happen.

Science shows beauty and

order in the natural world.

Something must have created

these humans cannot. God is silent – there is no

evidence that he exists.

People experience God through

the beauty of the world –

Numinous Experience.

There is too much suffering and

evil in the world for God to exist. God gave us morals (a sense of

right and wrong). The Argument

from Morality states that humans

have the ability to understand

right from wrong. This sets us

apart from other animals or

mammals.

Science does not have all the

answers it only has theories.

Theories are evolving truth not

absolute truth.

People have changed their lives

due to a Religious Experience and

died for their belief. E.g. Gandhi

God does not answer

everyone’s prayers. Bad things

happen to Good people. It

seems unfair.

“One dark autumn afternoon I was sitting alone. I suddenly became aware of a holy presence in the

room. I heard the words, ‘Follow me’ I knew that this was God calling me”

Explain briefly how an atheist might explain the experiences described above. (2 marks)

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Evolving truth is.........

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Absolute truth is.........

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Science believes in

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Religions believes in

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In my opinion, two of the strongest arguments for the existence of

God are;

1_____________________________________________________

2_____________________________________________________

In my opinion, two of the strongest arguments against the

existence of God are;

1_____________________________________________________

2_____________________________________________________

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Argument 1 – the First Cause (Cosmological) Argument for Gods Existence

St Thomas Aquinas was a Christian Philosopher in the 1200’s who thought that the

evidence for God’s existence was very clear. He said we had to start with asking one

simple ______. “How did the u_______ get here?”

The Universe could not have come out of n_______. Something cannot come out of

nothing. It is i_______. The Universe must have been caused by something that

existed before the Universe did.

This something must not need anything else to bring it into e_________ (i.e. it does

not depend on anything else for its own existence). Aquinas calls this something the

F______ C______. This First Cause can only be ____ who is the C_________.

First Cause, Universe, Question, Creator, existence, illogical, nothing, God

Arguments against the first cause argument.

Rank these Against The First Cause Argument. 1= best argument against it, 8 = least good

argument against it

1. No evidence God caused the universe.

2. God cannot be produced as proof.

3. If everything has a Cause then God must have a cause.

4. Who made God?

5. If you say God is eternal then the universe may be eternal i.e. infinite

regress.

6. The Big Bang could have caused the Universe.

7. Just because other things have a cause does not mean that the Universe

has to have a cause.

8. Science may provide a ‘better’ explanation for the cause of the Universe

than the Bible.

“The Cosmological (First Cause) Argument proves God’s existence”. What do you think? Explain your opinion. (3)

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Argument 2 – The Design (Teleological) Argument for Gods Existence

Arguments against the Design / Teleological

Argument

1. Evolution shows how things appear orderly

but this is due to the survival of the fittest.

2. There is cruelty in the Animal Kingdom

would this be deliberately designed by

God?

3. Even if we accept that there is design to the

Universe does it have to be God?

4. Beauty is not seen or accepted by all

people.

5. It is surely too simple an answer to a

complex question.

The Teleological Argument / The Design Argument by William Paley

Paley’s argument focused on comparing the c___________ of the world to that of a w_____. Paley

argued that if you found a s_____ in the desert you would not be surprised as it would look like it was

part of the n__________ world.

However if you were to find a watch lying on the ground, you would think that it was the product of a

D_________ because it has many different parts (cogs and wheels) and needs an i__________

mind behind it.

The watch would appear to have been designed with a p________. It could not have happened by

coincidence and therefore must have been d_______ by someone.

As the w_____ and things like the h________ e___ are more complicated than a watch it therefore

must also have a designer who has created it. This designer must be G_____.

In one Sentence then:-

The World is a complex machine it has a purpose, it must have a Designer, the Designer must

be God.

Complexity, stone, Watch, natural, Designer, intelligent, purpose, designed, God, world, human eye

. Issac Newton’s Thumb

Newton said; ‘In the

absence of any other

proof, the thumb alone

would convince me of

God’s existence.’

Newton believed that

because each thumb had

a unique thumbprint to

each individual and there

must be a DESIGNER –

who is God.

Arguments For The Design / Teleological Argument

If there is Design there has to be a Designer. The Beauty and complexity in nature could not have happened

by chance.

Anthropic Principle If the elements and process of the Big Bang had been a tiny bit different then life would

not be as it is. This shows deliberate creation by God.

There are many example of design in nature – the human eye, the Chameleon who changes its skin to

camouflage itself into its surroundings.

The Human Brain which is as complex as any man made computer.

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‘The design of the world shows that God created it.’

Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer, showing that you have thought about more

than one point of view. Refer to religious arguments in your answer. 6 marks

On the one hand, the design argument does show that God created the world. This is because…

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On the other hand, the design argument does not show the that God created the world. This is

because..............................................................................................................................................

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In my opinion I think…

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Which do you believe is a better argument for God’s existence? The First Cause (Cosmological) or the Design argument

(Telelogical)? Give 3 reasons to explain why.

1.

2.

3.

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Argument 3 – The Religious Experience and Miracles Arguments

Many Christians

experience God

through:-

A prayer being answered.

A dream

A vision – Virgin Mary at Lourdes

Miracle

Feeling of awe and wonder at an event in nature.

Feeling God’s love.

Asking a question finding a passage in the Bible that answers it.

Seeing a sign from God.

Religious Experiences

Many C________ (and some other religions) believe they e___________ God

through a religious experience which can be by:-

Experiencing God through the lives of other G____ Christians – M_______ Theresa or M______ L_____ K___.

Others experience God through the B______ and Church Teachings.

Some experience God through the b_______ of the natural world which provokes a feeling of awe and wonder – N_________.

Some people find God through w________ in the Church or feeling that God has called him to them and they are c__________.

However atheists would say that Religious Experiences:-

Religious experiences are hard to accept by those that never have one (the belief that God did it is subjective)

They are difficult to p______ that they are true

People are very doubtful (s____________) of accepting these experiences happen.

They could be made by someone who was a f_______ i.e. an illusion

Could be due to mass h________ or wishful thinking.

May not be enough w___________ to “prove” it happened.

“God must exist because so many people have experienced God.”

What do you think? Explain your opinion 3 marks

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Christians, Great, prove, sceptical, fraud, converted, beauty, Numinous, worship, Martin

Luther King, Bible, Mother, hysteria, witnesses, experienced,

Examples of religious miracles are… (identify 3+)

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Argument 4 – The Argument from Morality (the Moral Argument)

Look at the statements below and decide if they are for or against the Moral

Argument as a proof of God’s existence.

In the Bible in the book of

Genesis. Adam and Eve

directly disobeyed God by

eating an apple from the

Tree of Knowledge. This

shows how much God

values our Moral Ability.

Other animals do not

have the ability to think

at the same level as

humans. Therefore we

must have been made

especially with this in

mind.

Although humans are

more intelligent other

animals – Dolphins,

Monkey’s – are also

capable of very intelligent

decisions. Humans have

just evolved even further.

All animals and societies

have developed ‘social

norms’ ways by which we

control society by acceptable

behaviour. FOR EXAMPLE

Mothers protecting offspring

– this is just an extension of

that.

Just because we have

the capacity for Moral

decisions, why assume

that it was God who

gave this to us? It could

have been something

else.

If God gave humans the

capacity to make moral

decisions then this

explains why many

humans give so much

time and money to help

others.

The Argument from Morality or The Moral Argument

The Argument from Morality, also known as the M...............,. argument states that ................

have a strong sense of ...................... and wrong, also called an ‘inbuilt sense of morality’. This

sense of right and wrong comes from a higher authority which is G..............

People God right Moral

Critics of the Moral Argument or Argument from

Morality

It is hard to ................ the Moral Argument. It could

just be society’s way of .................... people due to

................... and humankinds need to survive. When

we break the rules we do not feel ........... because of

breaking God’s rules but because we are breaking

society’s rules and are going against our upbringing.

There is no God or heaven. Religious and non-

Religious people may have a strong sense of

morality but it could be different but why would God

give different messages to the world?

Controlling - Guilt - Prove - Evolution

2010 Give two reasons why some people

disagree with the argument from

morality. 2 marks

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2010 Explain the argument from morality for God’s existence. 3 marks

(NOTE: There are three marks on offer here, so make three developed points)

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‘Explain why some people do not believe in God.’ 5 marks

(NOTE: There are five marks on offer here so fully develop your points, and mention at least 3 of them: ideally

more)

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There are therefore five arguments for the existence of God: The cosmological, design, religious experience, miracle and

moral arguments. Which, in your opinion, is the strongest? Explain your opinion.

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Now have a go at the exam questions! For mark schemes go to the AQA site.

Topic 1 – 2011 Exam Questions

Topic 1 – 2012

Questions for my teacher. What do I need help with?

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Topic 1 – Sample Paper

Notice that you can get additional marks for

good Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar. This is

for the 6 mark questions.

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Topic 2 – The problems of Evil and Suffering



Natural Suffering is suffering which is caused by Nature (e.g. Earthquakes,

Volcano’s)

Man-made suffering is suffering caused as the result of human actions (e.g.

murder)

Free Will is having the ability to choose your own actions (religious believers

argue that God gave us Free Will)

Just/Unjust is whether something is fair or right. ‘Just’ means it is, ‘Unjust’

means it isn’t.

The Story of Job is a story from the Bible when God tests a man, Job, and

allows Satan to ruin his life causing great suffering. Still, however, Job loves

God and in the end gets everything back he has lost and even more.

The story of original sin is the story of Adam and Eve, when they ate the fruit

from the forbidden tree, thus disobeying God.

Evil is the opposite of Good. Often used to describe terrible actions or events.

Evil as a ‘personal being’ is the idea that evil is an evil spirit or devil rather

than an impersonal force.

Evil as a ‘psychological phenomenon’ is the idea that evil is arising from within

the mind of someone

Evil as an ‘impersonal force’ is the idea that evil is a power outside of people

that draws them to evil

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Topic 2 – The problems of Evil and Suffering

“Villagers flee war zone”

“Floods leave thousands homeless”

“Murderer given life sentence”

“Earthquake destroys hospital killing 500”

Explain, using examples the difference between

natural suffering and man-made suffering. (4

marks)

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The key bits;

The problem of evil asks how people can believe in an all- loving (BENEVOLENT) all-knowing (OMNISCIENT) and all-powerful (OMNIPOTENT) God, when there is evil and suffering in the world

Did God create evil? Maybe God does not care about human suffering or is causing suffering so maybe he’s not all-loving. Maybe God can’t do anything about suffering so maybe he isn’t all-powerful.

Maybe God doesn’t know about suffering so maybe he isn’t all-knowing.

MORAL EVIL AND NATURAL EVIL - Complete the following sentences:

1. The sort of evil that is caused by people deliberately choosing to do wrong things is called

…………………………………………… or ……………………….evil.

2. The sort of evil that is a feature of the natural world, such as earthquakes and tidal waves, is called

………………………………........................................................

Man Made Suffering, Moral, Natural Suffering

2 What you must know!

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Adam and Eve: Original Sin. What is he story and how does it link to Evil and Suffering? Look on youtube and search ‘Adam and Eve animation’. Watch the film posted by Adam Romero.

F W

P

T

E

Education Punishment Test Free Will

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WHY DOES GOD ALLOW SUFFERING?

WHY DOES

GOD ALLOW

SUFFERING?

2. FREE WILL

Some Christians say that we suffer because God gave

Humans Free Will to choose their own actions and live

their lives as they please. This has consequences

because:-

.…………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………

4. GROWING AS A HUMAN BEING/EDUCATION

Some Christians say that we need evil and suffering to help us

grow as human beings. In times of great suffering human

beings can do the most good and unselfish actions. This

means that…

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3. Other Christians say that the

reasons for evil and suffering are a

mystery. As explained in the story

of Job. It is part of God’s plan

beyond human understanding.

We have to have faith in God.

5. TEST OF FAITH

Some Christians say that suffering is a

loving test from God. This means

…………………………………………..…

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1. ORIGINAL SIN

Some Christians say that suffering is a result

of the Fall of Adam and Eve from the Garden

of Eden. The means that...

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....................................................................... What do we learn from Adam and Eve?

One more Bible Story - THE STORY OF JOB

(searh “The Story of Job (spreadin The Word with stick figures)” in YouTube)

Job was a good man who was ……......... to God, but God allowed Satan (the Devil) to

test Job by making him ……...... ... Job lost all his wealth, his family and his home, but

still he ......…….. ..faithful to God. His friends began to think that he must have sinned a

lot to suffer so much but Job protested he had always been good and faithful to God.

However, he began to want to know ……... God was allowing him to suffer. God told

him that as Creator of the world, he was much more ……............. than Job. Job should

recognise that he had no right to ……...........God. Job understood that he should just

……........his suffering, and everything that he had lost was restored to him.

What does this story tell us about suffering?

Committed

Remained

Powerful

Why

Question

Suffer

Accept

Go on YouTube and search the ‘Story of Job’. There are a number of good video’s, including one by the

‘good project’.

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2010 ‘God cannot be loving if he lets people suffer. What do you think? Explain your

opinion. 3 Marks

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RELIGIOUS RESPONSE TO SUFFERING

Christians may pray to God for guidance

may accept it as part of God’s plan

use it to become a better person

try to live in a way that minimises the suffering

try to believe in a positive side to suffering

Lose faith in God or turn away from God

Suffering may be due to Karma

Love yourself as you love

others.

Show compassion to victims

of suffering.

Give to charity.

Share like Jesus did.

Don’t question Gods plan

SO THEN… What is Evil? EVIL IS......

1) Evil is an IMPERSONAL FORCE that draws people to do wrong.

2) Evil is a PERSONAL BEING (The Devil or Satan) who is tempting people to sin. He

has appeared at various times in the Bible as the opposite or enemy of God. In the form of a

snake he tempts Eve to eat the forbidden Apple. He tests Jobs’ faith in God. He tempts

Jesus to abandon God. The Devil tries to trick people into doing wrong and needs to be

fought. He is the enemy of humankind and God.

3) Evil is a PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON. Evil is caused by a persons’ mental

state caused by their upbringing, diet, relationship to society or a damaged mind from

childhood abuse or parental influences. Emotional trauma leads them to evil actions.

4) Evil is the lack of a CONSCIENCE the understanding of what is morally right and wrong.

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2011 Explain briefly what is meant by saying evil is a psychological phenomenon. 2 marks.

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2011 Blaming a personal being (Devil) for evil is just an excuse. What do you think? Explain your

opinion 3 marks

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2010 ‘THERE WILL ALWAYS BE EVIL’ Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer,

showing that you have thought about more than one point of view. Refer to religious

arguments in your answer. 6 marks

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Topic 2 – 2011

Topic 2 – 2012


21





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Topic 3 – Miracles



A Miracle is something which might either ‘defy the laws of nature’ or be a

‘happy coincidence’.

The Laws of Nature are descriptions of how Scientists expect the world to

work (e.g. if you drop something, gravity will make it fall to the ground)

Omnipotent (all-powerful) means that God is all-powerful and therefore made

the world and can perform miracles

Omniscient (all-knowing) means that God knows exactly what is going on,

therefore God may decide to intervene (get involved) in the world to help and

answer prayers

Benevolent (all-loving) means that God loves his creation (the world) and his

people (us)

Immanence is the idea that God is present and active in the world

Transcendence is the idea that God is beyond and outside life on earth and the

universe

David Hume’s argument on Miracles is that there is never enough evidence for

them to defy the laws of nature, therefore they don’t happen. He also said that

most people who claim to have seen miracles are uneducated and influenced too

much by their religious belief.

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Topic 3 - Miracles

Give two examples of modern day ‘miracles’. (2)

3 What you must know!

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“Miracles prove God’s existence’ Do you

agree? Explain your answer

Explain religious attitudes towards the

existence of miracles (4)

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Do one of these questions here;

What did Hume say about miracles?

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Miracles Revision Worksheet Identify and explain four positive things that

Miracles tell us about God?

A miracle is....

“Miracles are always religious events”. Identify three reasons to support or

oppose this statement;

1.

2.

3.

“David Hume argued that

Miracles were impossible

because the chances that the

laws of nature can be broken

are so small, that it is stupid

to believe that they can be by

God or anything else.”

Describe a miracle from the Bible;

Describe a miracle from the modern

day;

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“Miracles are proof that God exists”. Identify two reasons to support this;

1.

2.

Identify two reasons to oppose this;

1.

2.

What is your opinion?

“Miracles cause

problems for

religious

believers”.

Identify three

arguments to

support this

point of view.

1. 2. 3.

“Hume’s opinion on Miracles was correct”. Identify two reasons to support

this;

1.

2.

Identify two reasons to oppose this;

1.

2.

What is your opinion?

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Topic 3 – 2011

Topic 3 – 2012

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Topic 4 – Science and Religion



Religious Truth is what believers claim to be true about the existence of God and the

creation of the Universe.

Historical Truth is when you use evidence to come up with what is and is not true,

usually about past events.

Scientific Truth is when something is proven to be true based upon logical, scientific

evidence.

Creationism is the (religious truth) that the world was made by God in 6 days.

A Liberal Believer is someone who may believe parts of their religion, but not

everything. They may doubt, for example, the idea of creationism.

A Fundamentalist Believer is someone who believers the texts and beliefs of their

religion word for word, even if it conflicts with scientific evidence.

The Cosmological Revolution was from the 15th Century onwards when science started

to challenge religious beliefs about how the world was created.

Evolving, Changing Truth is the idea that some truths will change over time, depending

upon the new evidence that comes to light.

Absolute Truth is a truth that is fixed for all times and all cultures. For example, the

earth goes around the Sun.

The Theory of Evolution is the idea that human life evolved from other life forms.

(This could be used as an argument against the existence of God)

The Big Bang is the idea that the Universe and all life started 14 billion years ago

after a huge explosion. (This could be used as an argument against the existence of

God).

Darwinism is the idea developed by Charles Darwin, closely linked to evolution, that

humans have evolved through a process of ‘natural selection’.

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Topic 4 – Science and Religion

“Outline one religious creation story” (3)

The Bible creation story 4 What you must know!

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“Religion still provides the best solution for how the world was made” Do you agree? Answer showing that you

have thought about more than one point of view, and religious opinions (6)

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Identify three areas where

science and religion differ;

Identify three areas where

science and religion are similar;

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Different Christians believe different things…

Fundamentalist

Liberal

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Science and Religion Worksheet Scientific Truth is... Religious Truth is...

Describe a religious creation

story

How might the discovery that the world was not the

centre of the Universe have challenged religious belief?

‘It is possible to believe both in the Big Bang theory and in God.’ What do you

think? Make three points to support your opinion;

I agree/disagree because...

1.

2.

3.

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“Science is more important than religion” Do you agree? Give three points to support

your opinion;

I agree /disagree because....

1.

2.

3.

Explain how Darwin’s Theory of evolution challenged religious belief. (4 marks)

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Topic 4 – 2011

Topic 4 – 2012


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Documents

Revision Guide Year 11 Only - Elmgreen School€¦ · Revision Guide Year 11 Only In the exam you will be asked to answer four of six questions. Each question is worth 18 marks. Those