Revised IPM Slides

8/6/2019 Revised IPM Slides

1/44

What isWhat isIntegrated PestIntegrated Pest

ManagementManagement(IPM) ?(IPM) ?


2/44

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Create an understanding of IPMCreate an understanding of IPM

Importance of IPM to ProducersImportance of IPM to Producers

Importance of IPM to the environmentImportance of IPM to the environmentImportance of IPM to human health andImportance of IPM to human health andsafetysafety

What are IPM strategiesWhat are IPM strategiesAdvantages and limitations to IPMAdvantages and limitations to IPM


3/44

Why Study IPM?Why Study IPM?

Why a new approach to pestWhy a new approach to pestmanagement is neededmanagement is needed::

1920s cotton pest management1920s cotton pest management

Pesticide Treadmill of 1960sPesticide Treadmill of 1960s 1970s1970s

Pesticide resistancePesticide resistance

Secondary pest outbreaksSecondary pest outbreaks

Environmental concernsEnvironmental concerns

IPM concept reborn in 1970sIPM concept reborn in 1970s


4/44

IPMIPM is:is:A pest management philosophy thatA pest management philosophy that

utilizes all suitable pestutilizes all suitable pest managementmanagement

techniques and methods to keep pesttechniques and methods to keep pestpopulations below economicallypopulations below economicallyinjurious levels. Each pestinjurious levels. Each pestmanagementmanagement technique must betechnique must beenvironmentally sound and compatibleenvironmentally sound and compatiblewith producer objectives.with producer objectives.


5/44

A pest managementA pest management

philosophy.. philosophy.. Recognizes there is no cureRecognizes there is no cure--all in pest control.all in pest control.

Dependence on any one pest management method will haveDependence on any one pest management method will haveundesirable effects.undesirable effects.

Determine and correct the cause of the pest problem.Determine and correct the cause of the pest problem.Understanding Pest biology and ecology is essential.Understanding Pest biology and ecology is essential.

Manipulate the environment to the crops advantage and toManipulate the environment to the crops advantage and tothe detriment of the pest.the detriment of the pest.

Recognizes that eradication of a pest is seldomRecognizes that eradication of a pest is seldomnecessary or even desirable, and generally notnecessary or even desirable, and generally notpossible.possible.

Some damage is unavoidable and acceptableSome damage is unavoidable and acceptable


6/44

IPM is a continuum, not an end.IPM is a continuum, not an end.

PoorPoor

FairFair

GoodGood

BetterBetter

BestBest


7/44

Utilizes all suitable pestUtilizes all suitable pest

management tactics..management tactics..

PesticidesPesticides

CulturalCulturalMechanicalMechanicalSanitarySanitaryNaturalNatural

BiologicalBiologicalHost Plant ResistanceHost Plant Resistance

NOTE: Some tactics fallInto several categories.


8/44


9/44

What is Cultural ControlWhat is Cultural Control

Agronomic practices that are designed to:Agronomic practices that are designed to:

Optimize growing conditions for the crop.Optimize growing conditions for the crop.Anything that increases a crops competitiveAnything that increases a crops competitiveedge will result in increased tolerance to pestsedge will result in increased tolerance to pestsoften resulting in reduced pesticide use.often resulting in reduced pesticide use.

Create unfavorable conditions for the pestCreate unfavorable conditions for the pest


10/44

What is Mechanical Control?What is Mechanical Control?

Uses machinery and/or other tools toUses machinery and/or other tools tocontrol pestscontrol pests

Tillage

Tillage

Physical barriersPhysical barriers


11/44

What is Sanitary Control?What is Sanitary Control?

Methods to avoid introducing a pest into aMethods to avoid introducing a pest into afieldfield

Cleaning field equipmentCleaning field equipment

Planting certified seedPlanting certified seed

QuarantinesQuarantines


12/44

What is Natural Control?What is Natural Control?

Enhancement of naturally occurring pestEnhancement of naturally occurring pestmanagement methodsmanagement methods

Beneficial insectsBeneficial insectsBeneficial diseasesBeneficial diseases


13/44

What is Biological Control?What is Biological Control?

Manipulation of biological organism toManipulation of biological organism tocontrol pestscontrol pests

Release of predators/parasites/disease of an

Release of predators/parasites/disease of aninsect or weedinsect or weed

Can be time consuming, expensive andCan be time consuming, expensive anddifficultdifficult


14/44

What is Host Plant Resistance?What is Host Plant Resistance?

Manipulating the crop to withstand orManipulating the crop to withstand ortolerate peststolerate pests

Natural breeding methodNatural breeding method

Genetically modified plantsGenetically modified plants

Not a permanent method of controlNot a permanent method of control

Examples:GlandularExamples:Glandular--haired Alfalfa, Bt Corn,haired Alfalfa, Bt Corn,


15/44

To Keep Pests Below theTo Keep Pests Below the

Economic Injury LevelEconomic Injury LevelEconomic Injury Level:Economic Injury Level: Cost of control = $ amount of damage caused byCost of control = $ amount of damage caused by

the pestthe pest

Includes amount of pest damageIncludes amount of pest damageCost of each control practiceCost of each control practice

Are determined through extensive researchAre determined through extensive research

Economic Injury Level is the information that isEconomic Injury Level is the information that isnecessary to develop an Economic Threshold,necessary to develop an Economic Threshold,which is used by crop advisorswhich is used by crop advisors


16/44

Economic ThresholdEconomic Threshold

Pest Population at which a grower mustPest Population at which a grower musttake action to prevent a pest populationstake action to prevent a pest populationsfrom reaching the economic injury levelfrom reaching the economic injury level

Economic threshold is slightly below theEconomic threshold is slightly below the

economic injury leveleconomic injury level Pest populations must be increasingPest populations must be increasing


17/44

Time

Pest

Density

Economic Injury Level

Economic Threshold

Pest Population


18/44

Economic Threshold Example:Economic Threshold Example:E

uropean Corn Borer on CornE

uropean Corn Borer on CornField Sampling Data needed:Field Sampling Data needed:

% plants infested% plants infested

Ave. number of larvae/plantAve. number of larvae/plant

Crop Management Data NeededCrop Management Data Needed

Expected yield (bu/A)Expected yield (bu/A)

Expected selling price of the cropExpected selling price of the crop

Cost of pest controlCost of pest control


19/44

1st Generation

European Corn BorerEuropean Corn BorerEconomic Threshold WorksheetEconomic Threshold Worksheet

(1) ___% of 100 plants infested x ___average # of borers/plantA

=___average borers/plant.(2) ___average borers/plant x 5% yield loss per borer= ___% yield

loss.(3) ___% yield loss x ___expected yield (bu/A) =___ bu/A loss(4) ___bu/A loss x ___$ expected selling price/bu =___ $ loss/A

(5) $__ loss/A x___ % controlB

= $___ preventable loss/A(6) $___ preventable loss/A - $ ___cost of control/A = $ gain (+) or loss

(-) per acre if treatment is appliedA Determined by checking whorls from 20 plants.BAssume 80% control for most products


20/44

1st Generation

European Corn BorerEuropean Corn BorerEconomic Threshold WorksheetEconomic Threshold Worksheet

(1) 0.67 (% of 100 plants infested) X 2 (average # of borers/plant)A+ = 1.34(average borers/plant).

(2) 1.34 (average borers/plant) X 5 (% yield loss per borer) = 0.067 (% yieldloss).

(3) 0.67 (% yield loss) x 120 (expected yield in bu/A) = 8.04 (bu/A loss)(4) 8.04 bu/A loss x $2.25 expected selling price/bu = $18.09 $ loss/A(5) $18.09 (loss/A) x 80 (% controlB) = $ 14.47 (preventable loss/A)

(6) $14.47 (preventable loss/A) - $ 15.00 (cost of control/A) = - $0.53 (gain (+)or loss (-) per acre if treatment is applied)

A Determined by checking whorls from 20 plants.BAssume 80% control for most products


21/44

Potato LeafhopperThreshold forPotato LeafhopperThreshold for

AlfalfaAlfalfaAlfalfa HeightAlfalfa Height Economic ThresholdEconomic Threshold

(leafhoppers/sweep)(leafhoppers/sweep)

< 3 inches< 3 inches 0.2/sweep0.2/sweep

6 inches6 inches 0.5/sweep0.5/sweep

88--11 inches11 inches 1.0/sweep1.0/sweep

> 12 inches> 12 inches 2.0/sweep2.0/sweep


22/44

Economic Threshold ConceptEconomic Threshold Concept

doesnt work for all pests anddoesnt work for all pests andpest typespest types

InsectsInsects

WeedsWeeds

DiseasesDiseases


23/44

Each Pest ControlEach Pest ControlTechnique Must beTechnique Must be

Environmentally SoundEnvironmentally Sound

Risk vs. BenefitsRisk vs. Benefits


24/44

AndAnd

Compatible with WithCompatible with WithProducers ObjectivesProducers Objectives


25/44

What IPM Is and IsntWhat IPM Is and Isnt

Stresses a multi disciplinary approach toStresses a multi disciplinary approach topest managementpest management

EntomologyEntomology

Plant PathologyPlant Pathology NematologyNematology

Weed ScienceWeed Science

Crop Sciences (Horticulture/Agronomy)Crop Sciences (Horticulture/Agronomy)

Soil ScienceSoil Science

EcologyEcology


26/44

IPM is not staticIPM is not static

New PestsNew Pests Soybean aphids, bean leaf beetle,Soybean aphids, bean leaf beetle,

New Races/strains of pestsNew Races/strains of pests Western corn rootwormWestern corn rootworm

Weed Species shiftsWeed Species shifts Roundup ready technologyRoundup ready technology

Tillage systemTillage systemPesticide ResistancePesticide Resistance Colorado Potato BeetleColorado Potato Beetle

Common lambsquartersCommon lambsquarters


27/44

Four Basic Principles of IPMFour Basic Principles of IPM

1) Thorough understanding of the crop,1) Thorough understanding of the crop,pest, and the environment and theirpest, and the environment and theirinterrelationshipsinterrelationships

2) Requires advanced planning2) Requires advanced planning

3) Balances cost/benefits of all control3) Balances cost/benefits of all controlpracticespractices

4) Requires routine monitoring of crop4) Requires routine monitoring of cropand pest conditionsand pest conditions


28/44


29/44

1b. Understanding the Pest1b. Understanding the Pest

Proper IDProper IDUnderstanding of Pest Life cycleUnderstanding of Pest Life cycle

When is it presentWhen is it present When is it most susceptible to controlWhen is it most susceptible to control-- Weak LinkWeak Link


30/44

Meadow Spittlebugnymph

Potato Leafhopper nymph


31/44

Giant foxtail

Large crabgrass


32/44

1c. Understanding the Pest and1c. Understanding the Pest andTheir Life CycleTheir Life Cycle

When is the pest presentWhen is the pest present

When is it most susceptible toWhen is it most susceptible tocontrolcontrol--Weak LinkWeak Link

When is too late to controlWhen is too late to control


33/44

1d. Understanding the1d. Understanding the

EnvironmentEnvironmentHow does it affect crop growthHow does it affect crop growthStressStress

Time within susceptible stageTime within susceptible stage

How it affects pestHow it affects pestdevelopmentdevelopment

High mortalityHigh mortality

High survivalHigh survival


34/44

Basic Principles of IPMBasic Principles of IPM


2) Requires Advanced Planning2) Requires Advanced Planning




35/44







36/44







37/44

Potato leafhopper scoutingPotato leafhopper scouting

Equipment:Equipment:

15 in diameter insect sweep net.15 in diameter insect sweep net.

Timing:Timing: Start on regrowth of second crop alfalfaStart on regrowth of second crop alfalfa

Frequency:Frequency:

Scout once each week.Scout once each week.

Scouting pattern:Scouting pattern:

walk a Wwalk a W--shaped pattern in the fieldshaped pattern in the field


38/44

Potato leafhopper scoutingPotato leafhopper scouting

Take 20 consecutive sweeps in each of 5Take 20 consecutive sweeps in each of 5areas along the Wareas along the W--shaped pattern (100 totalshaped pattern (100 totalsweeps)sweeps)

Count the total number of Potato leafhopperCount the total number of Potato leafhoppernymphs and adults divide by 100 (totalnymphs and adults divide by 100 (totalnumber of sweeps)number of sweeps)


39/44

Potato LeafhopperPotato LeafhopperEconomic ThresholdEconomic Threshold

Alfalfa heightAlfalfa height Treat if PLH number Treat if PLH numberare = or > than listedare = or > than listed



88--11 inches11 inches 1.0/sweep1.0/sweep> 12 inches> 12 inches 2.0/sweep2.0/sweep


40/44

Benefits of an IPM ProgramBenefits of an IPM Program

Protects environment throughProtects environment throughelimination of unnecessary pesticideelimination of unnecessary pesticideapplicationsapplications

Improves ProfitabilityImproves Profitability

Reduces risk of crop loss by a pestReduces risk of crop loss by a pest

Peace of MindPeace of Mind


41/44

Disadvantages of an IPMDisadvantages of an IPM

ProgramProgramRequires a higher degree ofRequires a higher degree ofmanagementmanagement

More labor intensiveMore labor intensiveSuccess can be weather dependentSuccess can be weather dependent


42/44

Career opportunities in IPMCareer opportunities in IPM

Crop AdvisorsCrop Advisors IndependentIndependent IndustryIndustry

Ag. IndustriesAg. Industries Sales (chemical, seed)Sales (chemical, seed) ResearchResearch Technical servicesTechnical services

TeachingTeaching

Cooperative ExtensionCooperative Extension High schoolHigh school Technical collegeTechnical college


43/44

EducationEducation

2 or 4 year degree2 or 4 year degree

Major Field of StudyMajor Field of Study

AgronomyAgronomy

Soil ScienceSoil Science

Areas of interestAreas of interest

Weed scienceWeed science


Plant PathologyPlant Pathology


44/44

Possible courseworkPossible coursework

Crop ManagementCrop Management

Weed ManagementWeed Management


Plant NutritionPlant NutritionSoil ConservationSoil Conservation

EcologyEcology

Plant PathologyPlant Pathology

Plant PhysiologyPlant Physiology

Business ManagementBusiness Management

Documents

Revised IPM Slides