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7/21/2019 Reviewer in Cisco
1/8
Cisco reviewer
IEEE Standards
IEEE 802.1 Bridging (networking) and NetworkManagement
IEEE 802.2 LLC
IEEE 802. Et!ernet
IEEE 802." #oken $%s
IEEE 802.& 'enes t!e MC *a+er ,or a #oken -ing
IEEE 802. MNs ('/'B)
IEEE 802.8 i$er tic #3 dis$anded
IEEE 802.11 4ire*ess LN (4LN) 5 Mes! (4i6i
certication)
IEEE 802.1" Ca$*e modems dis$andedIEEE 802.1& 4ire*ess 7N
IEEE 802.1&.1 B*%etoot! certication
IEEE 802.1&.2 IEEE 802.1& and IEEE 802.11
coeistence
IEEE 802.1 Broad$and 4ire*ess ccess (4iM9
certication)
Common 7ort N%m$ers
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21 #7
2#ELNE#
2& SM#7: ##7 6;'7
80
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i*e #rans,er 7rotoco* (FTP) is a standard network
rotoco* %sed to trans,er *es ,rom one !ost to
anot!er !ost over a #C76$ased networkA s%c! as t!eInternet.
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!o co%nt o, 1 is considered an innite distanceA
in ot!er words t!e ro%te is considered %nreac!a$*e.
Sim*e Mai* #rans,er 7rotoco* (SMTP) is an Internet
standard ,or e*ectronic mai* (e6mai*) transmission
across Internet 7rotoco* (I7) networks.
Sec%re S!e** (SSH) is a cr+togra!ic network
rotoco* ,or sec%re data comm%nicationA remote
command6*ine *oginA remote command eec%tionA
and ot!er sec%re network services $etween two
networked com%ters t!at connectsA via a sec%rec!anne* over an insec%re networkA a server and a
c*ient (r%nning SS< server and SS< c*ient rogramsA
resective*+)
Telnetis a network rotoco* %sed on t!e Internet or
*oca* area networks to rovide a $idirectiona*
interactive tet6oriented comm%nication ,aci*it+ %singa virt%a* termina* connection. ;ser data is
intersersed in6$and wit! #e*net contro* in,ormation
in an 86$it $+te oriented data connection over t!e
#ransmission Contro* 7rotoco* (#C7).
#ransmission Contro* 7rotoco* (TCP) is one o, t!e
core rotoco*s o, t!e Internet rotoco* s%ite (I7)A andis so common t!at t!e entire s%ite is o,ten ca**ed
#C7I7. #C7 rovides re*ia$*eA orderedA error6c!ecked
de*iver+ o, a stream o, octets $etween rograms
r%nning on com%ters connected to a *oca* area
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networkA intranet or t!e %$*ic Internet. It resides at
t!e transort *a+er.
;ser 'atagram 7rotoco* (UDP) is one o, t!e core
mem$ers o, t!e Internet rotoco* s%ite (t!e set o,
network rotoco*s %sed ,or t!e Internet). 4it! ;'7A
com%ter a*ications can send messagesA in t!is
case re,erred to as datagramsA to ot!er !osts on an
Internet 7rotoco* (I7) network wit!o%t rior
comm%nications to set % secia* transmission
c!anne*s or data at!s.
Internet 7rotoco* (IP) is t!e rincia* comm%nications
rotoco* in t!e Internet rotoco* s%ite ,or re*a+ing
datagrams across network $o%ndaries. Its ro%ting
,%nction ena$*es internetworkingA and essentia**+
esta$*is!es t!e Internet.
Internet Contro* Message 7rotoco* (ICMP) is one o,t!e core rotoco*s o, t!e Internet 7rotoco* S%ite. It is
%sed $+ network devicesA *ike ro%tersA to send error
messages indicatingA ,or eam*eA t!at a re@%ested
service is not avai*a$*e or t!at a !ost or ro%ter co%*d
not $e reac!ed.
ddress -eso*%tion 7rotoco* (ARP) is a
te*ecomm%nications rotoco* %sed ,or reso*%tion o,
network *a+er addresses into *ink *a+er addressesA a
critica* ,%nction in m%*ti*e6access networks. -7 was
dened $+ -C 82 in 1:82.D1 It is Internet Standard
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S#' F. It is a*so t!e name o, t!e rogram ,or
mani%*ating t!ese address
7oint6to67oint 7rotoco* (PPP) is a data *ink rotoco*
common*+ %sed in esta$*is!ing a direct connection
$etween two networking nodes. It can rovide
connection a%t!enticationA transmission encr+tion
(%sing EC7A -C 1:8)A and comression.
Network ddress #rans*ation (NAT) is designed ,or I7
address conservation. It ena$*es rivate I7 n*etworks
t!at %se %nregistered I7 addresses to connect to t!eInternet. N# oerates on a ro%terA %s%a**+
connecting two networks toget!erA and trans*ates t!e
rivate (not g*o$a**+ %ni@%e) addresses in t!e interna*
network into *ega* addressesA $e,ore ackets are
,orwarded to anot!er network.
7rotoco* data %nit (PDU) !as t!e ,o**owing meaningsG
In,ormation t!at is de*ivered as a %nit among eer
entities o, a network and t!at ma+ contain contro*
in,ormationA s%c! as address in,ormationA or %ser data.
In a *a+ered s+stemA a %nit o, data w!ic! is secied in a
rotoco* o, a given *a+er and w!ic! consists o, rotoco*6
contro* in,ormation and ossi$*+ %ser data o, t!at *a+er
7rotoco* 'ata ;nit (7';)
#!e La+er 1 (7!+sica* La+er) 7'; is t!e $it orA more
genera**+A s+m$o* (can a*so $e seen as HstreamH)
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#!e La+er 2 ('ata Link La+er) 7'; is t!e ,rame
#!e La+er (Network La+er) 7'; is t!e acket
#!e La+er " (#ransort La+er) 7'; is t!e segment ,or #C7Aor t!e datagram ,or ;'7
C!aracteristics o, transort *a+er rotoco*s
#C7 and ;'7 ort n%m$ers are %sed $+ a*ication *a+er
rotoco*s.
#C7 %ses windowing and se@%encing to rovide re*ia$*e
trans,er o, data.
#C7 is a connection6oriented rotoco*. ;'7 is a
connection*ess rotoco*.
'escrition o, a ro%ter memor+ t+e and its contents
-M is nonvo*ati*e and contains $asic diagnostic
so,tware.
-M is vo*ati*e and stores t!e I7 ro%ting ta$*e.
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