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REVIEW TOPIC #6
THE PRESIDENCY
CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS
FINANCING CAMPAIGNS• Federal money• The politics of accepting federal
funds• Costs will be $1bn+
1999 QUESTION Public monies are used to help finance which
of the following campaigns?I. PresidentialII. CongressionalIII. GubernatorialA. I onlyB. II onlyC. I and II onlyD. II and III onlyE. I,II, and III
Answer: A
VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CHOICES
• Silence the haters• Bring in a group
otherwise ignored
1999 QUESTION When selecting a vice-presidential candidate, a
presidential nominee is usually concerned primarily with choosing a running mate who
A. Has significant personal wealthB. Adds balance and appeal to the nat. ticketC. Comes from the same ideological wing of the
party as the PresD. Can serve as the most important domestic
policy advisor to the PresE. Can effectively preside over the Senate
Answer: B
ELECTORAL COLLEGE• Consititutional• Largely winner-take-all• Plurality or “low point wins”• Dictates attention of
candidates
2002 QUESTION Which of the following is a result of the electoral
college system?A. The winner of the presidency often lacks a
majority of the pop. VoteB. Candidates focus on one-party states in which
they can win most of the electoral votes.C. The House of Reps frequently chooses the Pres
from the top three candidatesD. Candidates focus on the states with the largest
populationsE. Campaign spending increases because
candidates emphasize television advertisingAnswer: D
PRESIDENTIAL POWERS
NATIONAL SECURITY/FOREIGN
POLICY
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
• Avoids this nonsense • Growth• Non-military Pres. tend to be
most hawkish (Polk, Lincoln, Bush II)
DEPLOY TROOPS
• Implied• Congress’ role• War Powers Act (more to
follow)
NEGOTIATE TREATIES
• Pres. only (simplifies things)
• Senate confirmation (WWI)
Ha! This is a gag picture. Treaties with Russia are as sacred as Bill Clinton’s wedding vows
APPOINT AMBASSADORS
• Senate’s role
• Key countries vs. spoils of war (read: elections)
The Mighty State of Micronesia, where the seat of government resides on the island of Yap (seriously)
2002 QUESTION The Pres can do which of the following
without seeking the consent of either the House or the Senate?
A. Ratify a treaty
B. Appoint ambassadors
C. Appoint district court judges
D. Deploy troops
E. Declare war
Answer: D
WAR POWERS RESOLUTION
• Congressional consultation• 60 day limit• Constitutional?
1994 QUESTION The War Powers Resolution (1973) was designed toA. Allow the Joint Chiefs of Staff to advise the Pres during
period of conflictB. Allow Congress to suspend certain civil liberties during
times of warC. Require a congressional declaration of war before
allowing military forces to be used overseasD. Assure congressional involvement in decisions
committing military forces in hostile situations overseasE. Ensure funding for military operations lasting more than
60 days
Answer: D
EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS (informal power)
• Between heads of state
• Approval?• Non-
controversial… mostly (Vietnam peace)
• May need Cong. funding
“I’m telling you, Abby, the secret is to ACT like a king without actually using the word.”
1994 QUESTION
Which of the following is true of an executive agreement made between a US Pres and another head of state?
A. It does not require Senate approval, but may require congressional allocation of funds for implementation
B. It does not require congressional funding because the Pres can use the power of the purse to raise implementation funds
C. It has more legal force than a treatyD. It is binding on all succeeding Presidents and
CongressesE. It has been used extensively to end armed conflicts
CONT’D
Answer: A
LEGISLATIVE
• S of U• Convene and adjourn• Veto
“I look more presidential this way. Also, you can’t tell how big my ears are.”
ADMINISTRATIVE
• “Faithfully execute the laws”… but what if he didn’t?
• Nominations, by the thousands
True story: I didn’t know John Roberts was bald until I found this photo.
JUDICIAL
APPOINT JUDGES
• Senatorial courtesy• Conf. battles• May be most lasting
impact
I have no idea what the hell is going on here. This was Mr. Benson’s cartoon.
SELECTION OF JUDGES
• Role of Justice Dept.
• Diverse in some ways, very homogeneous in others.
Bored? See if you can figure out how many of these guys are still on the bench…
EXECUTIVE BRANCH/CHIEF
EXECUTIVE• Controls one whole
branch
• Size?
CABINET
• Advisors• Composition of the cabinet?
Kennedy vs. Lincoln• Size?• GW
1999 QUESTION Cabinet members often do not have a dominant
influence on presidential decision-making becauseA. Cabinet members generally maintain close independent
ties to CongressB. Cabinet members generally view their position only as a
stepping-stone to further their own political ambitionsC. Cabinet members are not permitted to disagree publicly
with the PresD. Presidential goals often conflict with the institutional
goals of individual cabinet level agenciesE. Only half of all cabinet members can be members of the
Pres’ party
Answer: D
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
• Post WWII• For. Pol. and military (left
hand and right hand)• Advisor• Members
“Dick, if you put that tack on my chair I’m going to Judo chop you in the neck.”
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS
• 3 members
• Symp. to Pres.
Has God made a man uglier than Larry Summers? I think not.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND
BUDGET• Budget prep
• Non partisan
WHITE HOUSE STAFF• West wing
• Daily aides (press, staff)
• Sycophants
Good show… Netflix it sometime (not now)
1994 QUESTION In selecting members of the White House staff,
Presidents primarily seek people whoA. Give the White House ideological balanceB. Are personally loyal to the PresC. Have extensive govt. experienceD. Will help the Pres develop a good working
relationship with CongressE. Can bring a nonpartisan perspective to policy
deliberationsAnswer: B
WHEEL AND SPOKES
• Equal status
• Efficiency
Get it????!!!
HIERARCHICAL
• Pretty much what the name implies
• Not all get to see the Pres.
Illuminati!
PRESIDENT AS LEGISLATOR
CHIEF LEGISLATOR
• Role of Pres. agenda
That’s a young Mr. Singh on the far right
SIGN A BILL
• If you don’t know this, you are in serious trouble. Like, you may get the first -2 in the history of the AP program
• Done by machine?• Can be a media event
Souvenir pens for everyone!!
VETO• Another one you
should know• Powerful threat• Overturn?
Rare shot of Coolidge awake (he slept 10 hours a day)
No line item veto
• Pres. can’t, some gov. can• Impact on budget?
POCKET-VETO
• If Congress adjourns within 10 days of submission of bill
• Political moveChester A. Arthur had 80 pairs of trousers. None with this sweet embroidery, though.
BECOMES A LAW WITHOUT SIGNATURE
• After 10 days if Congress is in session
No tie? What is this, Iran? Oh no, he’s got a flag pin. We’re cool.
1994 QUESTION All of the following statements pertaining to the
presidential veto are true except:A. Congress overrides fewer than 10% of presidential
vetoesB. A vetoed bill is often revised and passed in another
formC. Presidents often threaten to veto bills to increase their
leverage with CongressD. A Pres may veto part of a billE. Congress often places provisions the Pres wants into
a bill the Pres dislikes to make a veto less likely
Answer: D
EXECUTIVE ORDER (informal power)
• Law or not?• Cong. approval?• Rising pop.
Shockingly legal
PARTY AND PUBLIC SUPPORT
LEADER OF POLITICAL PARTY
• Naturally
• Pres. popularity and his party
I find this photo disturbing and confusing. Also, the President looks like a 14-year-old white kid with a crew cut.
APPROVAL RATINGS
• Historical trend• Influence on the Hill• Must use “political
capital” wisely
Not so different after all
HONEYMOON PERIOD
• What it is• Presidential
ambition• FDR and the 100
days
For real, though, it is nice to see a President that doesn’t look at his wife like she was his sister.
CRISIS
• It could have even saved Gerald Ford! (not really)
• Drawbacks?
RALLY EVENTS
• The flag and the bloody shirt
• Specific, dramatic, focused
ECONOMY
• Correlation
• Unfair
Think of it like jumping into a wave pool or cliff diving…
Lame Duck Period
• The time during which a president who has lost an election or has ended a second term is still in office before the new president serves.
STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS
• Constit.
• Written or spoken
• Love letter to the nation
Who would pass up a stage like this?
MEDIA AND POLITICAL AGENDA
• Press secretary• Pres Conf: the testing
ground• Bully pulpit
Look, I’m running out of crap to put up here, OK?
IMPEACHMENT• Indictment, not
conviction• House charges,
Senate tries• Majority and 2/3• Treason, bribery, high
crimes and misdemeanors
• Could apply to nearly anyone
Insert name here
1999 QUESTION Which of the following procedures results in the
removal of the Pres from office?A. The House and Senate vote for impeachment, and
the Supreme Court reaches a guilty verdict.B. The House votes for impeachment, and the Senate
conducts a trial and reaches a guilty verdictC. The House and Senate both vote for a bill of
impeachmentD. Only the House votes for a bill of impeachmentE. A criminal court finds the Pres guilty of “high crimes
and misdemeanors.”
Answer: B
2002 Free Response Question2002 Free Response Question The concept of “divided government” in the
U.S. means that one political party can control the executive branch while another controls the legislative branch. This poses problems for the President in making appointments to federal offices.
a. Describe two problems that divided govt poses for the Pres in making fed appointments
b. Identify and explain two ways Pres’s try to overcome the problems described in a.
The concept of “divided government” in the U.S. means that one political party can control the executive branch while another controls the legislative branch. This poses problems for the President in making appointments to federal offices.
a. Describe two problems that divided govt poses for the Pres in making fed appointments
b. Identify and explain two ways Pres’s try to overcome the problems described in a.
2003 Free Response Question
2003 Free Response Question
Presidential approval ratings fluctuate over the course of each presidential administration.
a. Identify two factors that decrease presidential approval ratings, and explain why each factor has that effect.
b. Identify two factors that increase pres. Approval ratings, and explain why each factor has that effect.
Presidential approval ratings fluctuate over the course of each presidential administration.
a. Identify two factors that decrease presidential approval ratings, and explain why each factor has that effect.
b. Identify two factors that increase pres. Approval ratings, and explain why each factor has that effect.