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Review of Plans & Estimating
IntroductionArchitect’s ResponsibilitiesTypes of EstimatesFactors Affecting CostFilmProject: Roof Plan
The architect’s estimate includes the following: Designed items Specified items Owner’s labor & materials
The architect’s estimate does not include the following: Professional fees Land costs
Estimating
IntroductionAs part of professional services architects
and consultants prepare estimates of construction cost.
These estimates are NOT guaranteed because of the many factors that are beyond their control, such as..
Estimating
Manufacturers, suppliers & distributors influence the price of materials and equipment
Unions influence labor costsIndividual contractors determine how they
will prepare their bidsMarket forces of supply & demand affect
competition
Estimating
Architect’s Responsibility Current AIA agreement forces architect to
design to the owner’s budget Study the program and budget to see if they are
in line and inform the owner Provide the owner with a preliminary budget
estimate based on area, volume or other unit cost
SF cost for a building type High ceiling heights (gyms, auditoriums) use volume Cost per room (hotels) or per bed (unit cost)
Estimating
SD Phase Provide an estimate based on square footage Advise owner of a contingency due to lack of detail 10%
to 20% DD Phase
Provide an updated estimate based on material, finish and equipment selections
CD Phase Advise owner of necessary changes to earlier
estimates; especially market conditions Since CD’s take time to produce market conditions may
change forcing owner’s to alter the program or the cost of labor/materials to change
Estimating
Fixed Limit of Cost Sometimes a owner will have a limit of construction
spending This sometimes requires alternates & unit pricing The owner needs to relinquish control of scope and
quality to the architect If the bids exceed the limit..
Waive the limit and accept the bid Re-bid the project (market conditions) Abandon the project; terminate the architect Reduce scope, quality or both and re-bid
Area / Volume Estimates
Area / Volume Estimates
Consult sources like Means, Dodge Reports, Building Design & Construction
Performed usually during SD; contingency
Subsystem Estimates
Subsystem EstimatesPerformed when more detailed information becomes available.
Subsystem method involves units or assemblies. This allows architects to make basic decisions about various building components on a square foot basis.
Subsystems include Foundations, substructure, enclosure, roofing, etc
Detailed Estimates• Requires detailed calculations of the amount of each
type of material and labor necessary. • Unit costs are applied to the calculated quantities to
give direct cost• Indirect costs are then added such as overhead
(insurance, payroll taxes, administrative expenses, etc.), contractor profit and general conditions (permits, tests, etc.)
Factors Affecting Cost
Legal and Administrative Requirements Legal factors – liquidated damages Owner requirements – bonds, insurance
Project Complexity Large buildings cost less per unit area than small ones Compact buildings cost less that those with large
footprints Materials and Methods
Special building types with specific requirements may be more costly than buildings with many typical details or have regular repetitive layouts
Project Location Labor and material cost varies
Construction Schedule Short schedules may cost less Short schedules may cost more
Bidding Competition