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Review of:Review of:adjective adjective
agreement,agreement,ser,ser,
nouns & articlesnouns & articles
Adjective AgreementAdjective Agreement Adjectives describe Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns.nouns and pronouns.
In Spanish, they agree In Spanish, they agree with the noun:with the noun:
in number in number (singular/plural)(singular/plural)
in gender in gender (masculine/feminine)(masculine/feminine)
Adjective AgreementAdjective Agreement Adjectives usually come Adjectives usually come afterafter the noun described. the noun described.
a a talltall boy = un chico boy = un chico altoalto the the redred house=la casa house=la casa rojaroja
the the bigbig books = books = los libros los libros grandesgrandes
Adjective AgreementAdjective Agreement Adjectives that end in “o” Adjectives that end in “o” have 4 forms: Example: have 4 forms: Example: altoalto
SingularSingular PluralPlural
MasculineMasculine altoalto altosaltos
FeminineFeminine altaalta altasaltas
Adjective AgreementAdjective Agreement Adjectives that end in “e” Adjectives that end in “e” only have 2 forms: Ex: only have 2 forms: Ex: inteligenteinteligenteSingularSingular PluralPlural
MasculiMasculinene
inteligeninteligentete
inteligentinteligenteses
FemininFemininee
inteligeninteligentete
inteligentinteligenteses
Adjective AgreementAdjective Agreement Adjectives that end in a Adjectives that end in a
consonant have 2 forms as well. consonant have 2 forms as well. Example: azulExample: azul
SingularSingular PluralPlural
MasculineMasculine azulazul azulesazules
FeminineFeminine azulazul azulesazules
Adjective AgreementAdjective Agreement EXCEPTION: If the adjective ends EXCEPTION: If the adjective ends
in “-or”, then you add an “a” for in “-or”, then you add an “a” for the feminine form so it has 4 the feminine form so it has 4 forms. Example: forms. Example: trabajadortrabajador
SingularSingular PluralPlural
MasculinMasculinee
trabajadotrabajadorr
trabajadortrabajadoreses
FeminiFemininene
trabajadotrabajadorara
trabajadortrabajadorasas
Adjective AgreementAdjective Agreement EXCEPTION: If the EXCEPTION: If the adjective ends in “-ista”, adjective ends in “-ista”, then it only has 2 forms. then it only has 2 forms. Example: Example: deportistadeportista
SingularSingular PluralPlural
MasculinMasculinee
deportistdeportistaa
deportistadeportistass
FeminiFemininene
deportistdeportistaa
deportistadeportistass
SerSer Ser is used to:Ser is used to: identify people and thingsidentify people and things tell time, day, datestell time, day, dates professionsprofessions origin (de)origin (de) possession/ownershippossession/ownership relationshiprelationship
SerSer Ser is used to:Ser is used to: describe people and describe people and thingsthings
SerSer The verb “ser” is used The verb “ser” is used when describing people. when describing people.
soy
ereses
somossois
son
SerSer The verb “ser” is used The verb “ser” is used when describing people. when describing people.
I amYou
areYou are He/She is
We are
you are
they are
you (pl.) are
Nouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles All Spanish nouns are All Spanish nouns are either masculine or either masculine or feminine. feminine.
Most nouns that refer to Most nouns that refer to males are masculine.males are masculine.
Most nouns that refer to Most nouns that refer to females are feminine. females are feminine.
el actor / la actrizel actor / la actriz
Nouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles The definite articles (the) The definite articles (the) are:are:
SingularSingular PluralPlural
MasculineMasculine elel loslos
FeminineFeminine lala laslas
Nouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles The indefinite articles (a, an The indefinite articles (a, an
or some) are:or some) are:
SingularSingular PluralPlural
MasculineMasculine unun unosunos
FeminineFeminine unauna unasunas
Nouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles Most nouns that end in the Most nouns that end in the following letters are masculine:following letters are masculine:
-o, -or, -ón, -ma/-pa -o, -or, -ón, -ma/-pa
el el sombrerosombrero
el el profesorprofesor
el el cinturóncinturón
el el problemaproblema el mapael mapa
el el trabajadotrabajadorr
Nouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles Most nouns that end in the Most nouns that end in the following letters are feminine:following letters are feminine:
-a, -ción/sión, -dad/-tad-a, -ción/sión, -dad/-tad
la camisala camisa la la nataciónnatación
la la televisiótelevisiónn
la verdadla verdadla la libertadlibertad
Nouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles The gender of nouns with The gender of nouns with other endings is learned other endings is learned through practice.through practice.
el relojel reloj la clasela claseel lápizel lápiz
(los (los lápices)lápices)
la gentela gente
Nouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles And of course…there are And of course…there are irregulars:irregulars:
el díael día la manola mano
la florla flor
Nouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles Lastly, “-ista” words Lastly, “-ista” words always end in “-ista”always end in “-ista”
el artistael artista la artistala artista
Picasso es un artista talentosPicasso es un artista talentosoo.. Notice that the agreement Notice that the agreement remains.remains.
AccentsAccents Rule # 1: Rule # 1: Nouns that end in a Nouns that end in a vowel, nvowel, n or or ss have an have an oral stress on the oral stress on the second to last syllable.second to last syllable.
hhaablo, jblo, jooven, lven, liibros, cbros, caasasa
AccentsAccents Rule # 2:Rule # 2: Nouns that end in a Nouns that end in a consonantconsonant (other than (other than n/s) have a stress on the n/s) have a stress on the last syllable. last syllable.
azazuul, cartl, carteel, l,
AccentsAccents When some nouns are When some nouns are made plural, accents made plural, accents may be added or may be added or dropped in order to keep dropped in order to keep the same sound. the same sound.
An accent mark is only An accent mark is only used to tell you to used to tell you to break break the rule. the rule.
el joven:el joven: rule says to pronounce rule says to pronounce this work with an oral stress on this work with an oral stress on the 2the 2ndnd to last syllable. (the “o”) to last syllable. (the “o”)
el joven el joven jóvenes jóvenes
But…when “joven” is made But…when “joven” is made plural it is altering the sound. In plural it is altering the sound. In order to stop this from order to stop this from happening you add the accent happening you add the accent mark to “break the rule” above mark to “break the rule” above the original sound which is the the original sound which is the “o.”“o.”
AccentsAccents el examen el examen los exámenes los exámenes
Sometimes it happens the other way Sometimes it happens the other way around so accent mark is no longer around so accent mark is no longer neededneeded
la lección la lección las lecciones las lecciones
el autobús el autobús los autobuses los autobuses
