• Name the process by which a parent cell splits into two daughter cells
• Cell Division
• What term describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
• Catabolism
• Name the 3 properties of genetic material.
1. Must carry information2. Must be capable of being
copied3. Must be capable of
undergoing change over time
• What is a chromatid?
• A replicate chromosome
• What is the name for something that obtains its organic material from other organisms
• Heterotrophs
• In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy" nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N.
• Draw the results you would expect after one round of DNA replication in the presence of 14N
• In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy" nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N.
• Draw the results you would expect after one round of DNA replication in the presence of 14N if the conservative model was true.
• What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways?
• Energy coupling
• Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of 5 cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?
• 32 Cells
• If there are 20 Chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there?
10 Centromeres
• What type of reactions is this?
• Exergonic
• Use the letters, what would be the same in an enzyme-catalyzed or noncatalyzed reaction?
• D
• What is the name of the microscopic pores through which CO2 enters and O2 exits during photosynthesis?
• Stomata
• A new sims game is out called “college years” and one new important trait in the game is alcohol tolerance (sot/light weight) Sot is the dominate trait.
• If you cross a female Sl with a male Sl what is the likelihood you will get a college student who is a sot?
• ¾ or ~ 75%
• What if you cross a female ll with a male Sl?
• 2/4 ½ or ~ 50%
• Draw a diploid nucleus with,– four chromosomes– Two pairs of homologous chromosomes
• One long• One short
• LEAVE IT UP ON BOARD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Make 1 long and one short dark
• Now draw what you would observe at prometaphase of mitosis
• Whenever energy is transformed, there is always and increase in?
• Entropy of the universe
• An Okazaki fragment has what type of arrangement?
• 5’RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3’
• What is the change in free energy of a system at chemical equilibrium?
• No net change
• What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
• Light Reactions and Calvin cycle
During the light reactions what happens to H2O?
What is released?
• H2O is split• O2 is released
• During the light reactions what happens to NADP+?
• NADP+ is reduced to NADPH
• Photophosphorylation is the process by which, what occurs?
• Generate ATP from ADP
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cyclein photosynthesis
• Produces O2?
• Only the light reactions
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cyclein photosynthesis
• Requires ATP?
• Only the Calvin cycle
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cyclein photosynthesis
• Produces NADH?
• Neither light reactions or Calvin cycle
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cyclein photosynthesis
• Produces NADPH?
• Only light reactions
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cyclein photosynthesis
• Produces three-carbon sugars?
• Only the Calvin Cycle
• Requires CO2?
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cyclein photosynthesis
• Only the Calvin cycle
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cyclein photosynthesis
• Requires glucose?
• Neither the light reactions or calvin cycle
• Who is the ultimate Jedi, who died off way to fast?
Light Side VS. Dark Sidein the Universe
Qui Gon Jinn
• Which curve represents the behavior of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in hot springs at temperatures of 70 degrees C or higher?
• Curve 3
• Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5’ 3’ direction?
• DNA polymerase III
• At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork:
• 3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5'• An RNA primer is formed starting at the
underlined T (T) of the template. What would be its primer sequence?
• 5’ A C G U U A G G 3’
• Which term describes centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?
• Prophase
Name that stage, of meiosis!
• Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle; alignment determines independent assortment
• Metaphase I
Name that stage, of meiosis!
• Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur.
• Prophase
Name that stage, of meiosis!
• Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate
• Anaphase II
• What removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3; end of the Okazaki fragments?
• DNA polymerase I
• What is the longest mitotic stage?
• Metaphase
• In a plant cell where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
• Thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane
• What separates the DNA strands during replication?
• Helicase
• What covalently connects segments of DNA?
• Ligase
• Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells?
• Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
• What synthesizes short segments of RNA?
• Primase
• Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction’s ???
• Activation energy
• A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at completion, produce two nuclei each containing how many chromosomes?
46 Chromosomes
• This is metaphase during mitosis,–How many chromatids does this cell
have?–Each nuclei would contain how many
chromosomes?
• 8 chromatids• 4 chromosomes
• During mitosis if there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
• 20 chromosomes
• If there are 20 chromatids in a cell at metaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
• 10 chromosomes
• The reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during?
• respiration
• Chromosomes first become visible during which phase of mitosis?
• prophase
• The reduction of NADP+ occurs during?
• photosynthesis
• The generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during?
• Photosynthesis and respiration
• Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in the sample will be thymine?
• 12%
• A gene’s location along a chromosome is known as what?
• Locus
• In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in?