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REVIEW FOR TEST #1PROF. MIGUEL A. ARCE RAMOSENGLISH 213PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO

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Part I. What is reading?

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What is reading?• Reading is a complex cognitive process

of decoding symbols in order toconstruct and derive meaning.

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When is reading receptive and when is it productive? • Reading is receptive when we are

reading and internalizing the data.

• It is productive when we speak aboutwhat we are reading.

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Why is fluent reading and decoding different? • When we decode letters are deciphered

as visual patterns and we canpronounce them while when we readfluently we understand the message andit has some type of meaning.

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• What three things a person does when reading?

• A person does three main things whenreading:

• Decodes symbol

• Deciphers meaning• uses background knowledge

(schemata) to understand word.

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Why is it that good readers tend to be good writers?• Good readers tend to be good writers

because they acquire vocabulary from all ofthe reading that they do.

• In addition, good readers mimic the writingstructures that they are exposed to makingthem more adept to write the way they seerather than write the way they think.

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Part II. Reading Skills

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Mention the four basic reading skills.• Skim

• Scan

• Intensive Reading

• Extensive Reading

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How to skim? Why do you skim? • You skim by running your eyes over thetext, noting important information.

• Skimming is used to quickly gather the mostimportant information, or ‘gist’ of what youare trying to read.

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What is scanning? When do you scan? • Scanning is when you run your eyes

over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need.

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What is extensive and intensive reading? • Extensive is when we read to further a

knowledge we posses and intensive reading iswhen we are trying to get new data in our longterm memory.

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Part III. SQ3R Method

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What does the acronym SQ3R stand for?• Survey

• Question

• Read

• Recite

• Review

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How many times should we read when we use this method? In what parts of the method do we read?• At least three times, we read in the read, recite

and review sections.

• We should read the text at least three times.The first time to survey, the next to underlinedifficult vocabulary and the third time forcomprehension.

•

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Why should we turn the titles, headings, and sub-headings into questions?• When we do this we basically summarize the

section read.

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Part IV. Active Reading

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What is active reading?

• Active reading means reading with adetermination to understand and evaluate it forits relevance to your needs

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Mention four things you must do to read actively.

• Underline or highlight key words and phrases as you read. When you return to it later on, you can easily see which points you identified as important.

• Make annotations in the margin to summarize points, raise questions, challenge what you've read, jot down examples and so on.

• Read critically by asking questions of the text. Who wrote it? When? Who is the intended audience? Does it link with other material you've studied in the module?

• Test yourself by reading for half an hour, putting the text away and jotting down the key points from memory.

• Look for 'signposts' that help you understand the text -phrases like 'most importantly', 'in contrast', 'on the other hand'.

• Explain what you've read to someone else.

• Record yourself reading the module material or your notes, and listen to the recording while you're travelling or doing household chores.

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Mention 3 ways to improve your academic reading.

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Mention 3 ways to improve your concentration.

Focusing on the small parts.

Setting goals

Working for limited but intense periods of time

Taking breaks

Rewarding yourself

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Part V. Inferring and The Human Memory

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What is the importance of inferring to increase reading comprehension?• When we infer we are making educated

guesses. By guessing rather than stoppingwe increase our speed of text. This in turnhelps us comprehend text better.

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Mention the three types of memory.

• Sensory, short term and long term memory.

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Mention the differences between the three types of memory.

• Sensory is when we have the ability to retainimpressions of sensory information after theoriginal stimuli have ended.

• Short term memory holds information for shortperiods of time.

• Long term memory allows us to storeinformation and internalize it.

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How does each type of memory impact your reading skills?

• First we must accept what we are reading andread it voluntarily.

• Then we should read to put this information inshort term memory.

• Finally, we review and repeat the data in orderfor it to stay in our brains.