Review for Cell Test

This information will be on the test

2 Basic Types of Cells

• 1. Prokaryotes (bacteria)– Small cells (generally single celled organisms)– Simple cells

• No nucleus• Lacking internal membrane-bound structures

• 2. Eukaryotes (animal, plant, fungi, protists)– Bigger cells (either single celled or made up of many cells)– More complex cells

• Have a nucleus• Containing membrane-bound structures

Cell Theory

• 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells

• 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms

• 3. All cells come from preexisting cells

Cell Membrane (plasma membrane)Check drawing and outline from class

• Separates the inside from the outside of the cell and is selectively permeable – Only lets select materials in/out– Maintains homeostasis

• Made of:– Phospholipid Bilayer– Cholesterol

• Keeps fatty acids tails from sticking

– Carbohydrates• Stick out of cell and used as an identity marker

– Transport Proteins• Transports materials in/out of cell

Extracellular Face – Side that faces outward

Intracellular Face – Side that faces cytoplasm

Outside of cell

Inside of cell

Molecular Kinetics

3 6

f(1-2) < f (2-1)

1 2

Determine which cell is in a hyper-, hypo-, and isotonic solution. Check Hand – Outs and Notes

A B C

Side A and B have same volume

Side A is a 1.0 M glucose solution, Side B is pure water.

Solvent Permeable Membrane

(Only lets water through)

What would the equation be? Where would most of the water flow?

Parts of the microscope

Eye PieceObjective Lens

Stage

Diaphragm(regulates light intensity)Fine

Adjustment

Course Adjustment

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Parts • Cell Parts and Functions

– Nucleus – Holds DNA and is control center– Ribosomes – Make Protein– Golgi Apparatus – Packages / Sorts Protein– Mitochondria – Provides Energy for Cells– Vacuole – Stores material like water– Cell Membrane – Controls what enters / leaves cell– Cell Wall – Support / Protects Plant Cells– Chloroplast – Captures light to give plants energy– Lysosomes – Break down waste / Digest cell parts– Endoplasmic Reticulum – Transports Proteins– Cytoplasm – Jelly like fluid inside of cell

The Cell Cycle

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?What is the longest phase of interphase?

Interphase (notice no chromosomes visible)

Prophase

Metaphase

• Chromosomes move to the equator

Anaphase• Centromeres split

apart and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell

Telophase• 2 distinct

daughter cells are formed. The cells separate as the cell cycle proceeds into the next interphase