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Returning to Lecture…
Figure 2.2 A motor neuronMyers: Psychology, Ninth EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
I. The common household neuron
D. Two types of signal transmission1. Axonal – within neurons2. Synaptic – between neurons
Action Potential PropertiesAll‐or‐None Response: When the depolarizing current exceeds the threshold, a neuron will fire. If the depolarizing current fails to exceed
the threshold, a neuron will not fire.
Intensity of an action potential remains the same throughout the length of the axon.
Figure 2.4 How neurons communicateMyers: Psychology, Ninth EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
Synaptic Transmission
Figure 2.6 Agonists and antagonistsMyers: Psychology, Ninth EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
NeurotransmitterBinds
Agonist Mimics
AntagonistBlocks
Synaptic transmission
D. Types of Postsynaptic Potentials (PSP's)1.Excitatory (EPSP)2.Inhibitory (IPSP)
DepolarizesHyperpolarizes
Synaptic transmission
D. Types of Postsynaptic Potentials (PSP's)1.Excitatory (EPSP)2.Inhibitory (IPSP)
E. After release, 1.reuptake2.degradation
DepolarizesHyperpolarizes
Figure 2.4 How neurons communicateMyers: Psychology, Ninth EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
Synaptic Transmission
Synaptic transmission
D. Types of Postsynaptic Potentials (PSP's)1.Excitatory (EPSP)2.Inhibitory (IPSP)
E. After release, 1.reuptake2.degradation
DepolarizesHyperpolarizes
V. Organization of the nervous system
A. Central nervous system1.Brain2.Spinal cord
V. Organization of the nervous system
B. Peripheral nervous system1. Somatic system2. Autonomic system; two branches
work in generally antagonistic fashion
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Sympathetic NS “Arouses”
(fight‐or‐flight)
Parasympathetic NS “Calms”
(rest and digest)
V. Organization of the nervous system
B. Peripheral nervous system2. Autonomic system
a. Sympathetic nervous system1. tends to have system-wide effects2. flight or flight; activity
b. Parasympathetic nervous system1. tends to affect one organ at a time2. quiescent processes--digestion, protects
and conserves energy
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Sympathetic NS “Arouses”
(fight‐or‐flight)
Parasympathetic NS “Calms”
(rest and digest)
VI. The common household brain
CommentaryMore commentary
Phrenology
German Physician Franz Joseph Gall –Various mental faculties related to distinct brain areas.
Then the field got lazy.
http://triggur.org/phreno.html
http://triggur.org/phreno.html
VI. The common household brainA. Overview of brain
1.The primitive central core2.Limbic system3.Cerebral hemispheres
VI. The common household brainA. Overview of brain
1.The primitive central core2.Limbic system3.Cerebral hemispheres
VI. The common household brainA. Overview of brain
1.The primitive central core2.Limbic system3.Cerebral hemispheres
a. Ontogenyb. Phylogeny
Figure 3.28 Ontogeny
Phylogeny
B. Brain Specifics1.Primitive central core
a.Cerebellum1."little brain"2.smooth coordination of
movements3.learning of complex motor
activities
B. Brain Specifics1. Primitive central core
b. Thalamus & Hypothalamus: located just above the brain stem & tucked inside the cerebral hemispheres
B. Brain Specifics1. Primitive central core
b. Thalamus & Hypothalamus:1.Thalamus is a sensory relay station
a. "Gateway to the cortex"b. coming from spinal cord to cortex c. taste touch hearing vision -- olfaction is exception
B. Brain Specifics1. Primitive central core
b. Thalamus & Hypothalamus:2.Hypothalamus
a. literally = "under thalamus"; much smaller, but very important
b. 4 F's: Emotion/MotivationThirst/HungerBody TempSexual Drives
FeelingsFeedingFeverFourth F
B. Brain Specifics2. Limbic system
a. involved in instinctual behaviors in lower animals (caring for young, mating, fleeing from attackers, fleeing from prey)
b. involved in memory and emotion in humansc. Especially important structures within the Limbic
system:i. Hippocampusii. Amygdala
The common household brain3.The cerebral hemispheres
a.Grey matter (cell bodies) vs white matter (myelinated)
Figure 2.23 The cortex and its basic subdivisionsMyers: Psychology, Ninth EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
The common household brain
3. The cerebral hemispheresb. Four lobes: 1. frontal 2. parietal 3. occipital 4. temporal
Sample FunctionsPlanning, Abstract thought, MotorSensory IntegrationVisual PerceptionObject Identification
The common household brain
3. The cerebral hemispheresb. Motor area
1. topographic organization--Homunculus
2. contralateral control of body
The common household brain
3. The cerebral hemispheresd. Somatosensory area
1. heat, cold, touch, pain, sense of body movement
2. contralateral3. space appropriated in accord to
amount of use or need
Figure 2.24 Left hemisphere tissue devoted to each body part in the motor cortex and the sensory cortexMyers: Psychology, Ninth EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
3. The cerebral hemispherese. Visual area
1. Contralateral visual field
The common household brainf. Auditory area
1. bilateral representation2. contralateral stronger
The common household brain
g. Association areas1. functions which are not directly sensory or motor2. Examples:
a. motor planningb. thoughtc. speechd. problem solvinge. complex object recognition (e.g. disorder termed
prosopagnosia)
Exam 1
50 Multiple Choice Questions75 Minutes beginning at 3:45Half from BookHalf from LectureOpen book/note