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Article

The design of information andcommunication technologies: telecomMOD strength machines

CJ Chang1, CY Chen2 and I-Ting Chou2

Abstract

The development of information and communication technologies such as artificial intelligence, fuzzy lyapunov, intelligent

robots, home healthcare, tension leg platform, consumer and service quality has changed methods of communication, styles of

organization and the ways of commercial trade. This growth results in a diverse life. In the process, the development of

Multimedia on demand (MOD) is the most noticeable one. In order to deal with the dreadful straits that the majority of

content resources are restrained by, cable operators Chunghwa Telecom, launched a Multimedia on Demand (MOD) service

in 2004. In their aim of promoting MOD subscriptions and penetration, Chunghwa Telecom has not only been seeking and

obtaining alternative sources of program content, but also launching a variety of value-added TV services. Electrical engineering

and more particularly power application engineering at the undergraduate and graduate level are both facing a crucial period at

universities in terms of enrollment. This paper explores the development of prototyping software under Simulink for digital

control systems. The system is designed through projects within the Computer Engineering Department. Fatigue tests were

performed on these devices and controller algorithms were developed. The test results are satisfactory.

Keywords

Biaxial loading, energy density control, Simulink software, stress, Telecom MOD

Received: 23 March 2012; accepted: 22 April 2012

1. Introduction

New information and communication technologiesdevelop codes, transmission and diffuseness, and alterways of information dissemination (Chen, 2010a,b,2012a–i; Chen and Chen, 2010a,b; Chen and Saif,2010; Lin and Chen, 2010, 2012; Liu et al., 2010,2012a,b,c; Zhang et al., 2010a,b, 2011a–d; Zhao2010a,b, 2011a,b; Jayaswal et al., 2011; Lin et al.,2011a,b, 2012a,b; Marichal et al., 2011; Metin andGuclu, 2011; Soundarrajan and Sumathi, 2011; Shenet al., 2011; Tang et al., 2011; Tsai and Chen,2011a,b; Yu et al., 2011a,b; Zheng et al., 2011; Zhuet al., 2011; Chen et al., 2012a–h; Kuo and Chen,2012a,b; Lee and Chen, 2012; Su et al., 2011; Tsengand Chen, 2012; Tseng et al., 2012a,b,c; Yeh et al.,2012). The most special characteristics are ‘‘proximity’’and ‘‘interaction’’ (Figures 1 and 2).

New trends in media embody the integration of com-puter, communication and consumer electronic tech-nology, the so-called ‘‘3C Integration’’. The indistinctdemarcation line between computer, communicationsand media is the direct result of convergence.

An integrated high speed wide band will play animportant role in human life. It not only connects tele-communication, networks and mass media, but alsoprovides multi-dimensional and diverse services interms of information, entertainment and education.

This undoubtedly changes the inherent structure ofrelated industries, such as information, telecommunica-tions and mass media, and forms new industrial valuechains (Figure 3).

In 2002, the Executive Yuan announced a program,named ‘‘e-Taiwan’’, which was expected to reach theaim of helping 6 million domestic households online.Furthermore, it fulfilled its six main goals of diversifi-cation, multimedia, multi-channels, digitization, spe-cialization and integration. Taking a high quality

1Department of Information Management, Transworld University, Taiwan2Department and Graduate School of Computer Science, National

Pingtung University of Education, Taiwan

Corresponding author:

CY Chen, Department and Graduate School of Computer Science,

National Pingtung University of Education, Taiwan

Email: [email protected]

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information-based society as a base, it developed theprospect of an ‘‘e-Taiwan’’.

Interactive digital television adopts and combinesthe advantages of television, internet and computers,and provides bidirectional interactive and instantan-eous value-added services. This has influenced changesin viewers’ audiovisual experience.

Globalization and the spread of the internet meanthat soft computing and its application are springing upfor communications, biology, medicine, the humanities,management sciences, and similar fields (Chen et al.,2004, 2005, 2006a,b,c, 2007a–f; Hsiao et al., 2005a–e;Chen, 2006; Hsieh et al., 2006; Tsai et al., 2008; Yanget al., 2008a,b). In 1987, the USA gave a formalimpetus to digital television. After more than 10years, and the sudden emergence of the internet, thefocus in all walks of life has been transferred toonline services. The development of broadband net-work technology and the rapid market growth effecthave impacted the universal availability of digital TV(Chen et al., 2008a–e; Yeh et al., 2008; Chen, 2009a,b;Chen et al., 2009a–f; Lin et al., 2009a,b, 2010c;Ahmadian and Azizi, 2011; Abd-Alla et al., 2011;Yang and Chen, 2012).

First, the definition of Interactive Digital Televisionneeds to be understood. Second, the present situationand problems of Interactive Digital Television inTaiwan need to be discussed. The purposes ofthis study are to connect the scientific developmentof Interactive Digital Television in advancedcountries, to promote the development of Taiwan’sindustry, and to create a new industrial economicmiracle.

2. Research methods

The study processes are to (a) explain the backgroundresearch and motivation for pursuing this topic, (b)explore the definition, present situation and problemsof Interactive Digital Television as discussed in the lit-erature discussion, and (c) offer some conclusionsand suggestions. The study processes are outlined inFigure 4.

Interactive Digital Television provides not only allkinds of TV channels and programming, but also therelated content options of the broadcast shows. Inshort, the user can use it to watch the broadcast ofa show and surf the internet. The services ofInteractive Digital Television are provided by telecom-munication, television and media industry entrepre-neurs utilizing different technologies (Figure 5).These entrepreneurs employ digital signal decodersand digital compression devices with broadband net-work, transmission network, satellite, line cable andground wireless capabilities to deliver signals to TVsets or the Set Top Box (STB) to build a good plat-form for users.

At present, there is still no common definition orservice standard for Interactive Digital Television, butit has three characteristics – function, service andtransmission.

Figure 1. Development of information and communication technologies.

Figure 2. Two main characteristics of interactive

communication.

2 Journal of Vibration and Control 0(0)





2.1. Function

Interactive Digital Television is a new medium connect-ing video equipment with the internet, and involving aconvergence combining computers with the networkand media. It also allows users to actively participate,control, offer feedback and communicate with themedia. It provides personalized contents and services.

2.2. Service

Utilizing satellite and telecommunication networks, aswell as ground wire and wireless broadband networks,

the multimedia servers save the programming contents.Depending on the consumers’ requirements, the con-tents are delivered to STBs or related disseminationvehicles. After decoding, audiences can watch program-ming on their own TV set or related video devices.

2.3. Transmission

Users can interact with video servers directly. Withdigital transmission and broadband, such a networkcan deal with a large amount of transmission videoand music data information. The service contents caninclude video on demand, electronic program guides,

Figure 3. Telecommunications industry value chain.

Topic

Research’s background and motivation

Research question

Result

Literature

Question Present situation of Interactive Digital Television

Discussion Conclusion

Figure 4. Flow chart of the study processes.

Chang et al. 3





personalized digital television video recording,advanced television, interactive type advertisementand shopping services, electronic commerce, interactivestock market information, bank financing and so on.

For users, the core values of Interactive DigitalTelevision are to provide related life information imme-diately. In brief, it plays a vital important role in familylife.

To explain the relatedness of Interactive DigitalTelevision in detail, Figure 7 illustrates the relationshipbetween component parts.

3. Set top box (STB)

The STB is the key product in developing digital tele-vision in Taiwan at the current time. The functions of aprimitive STB were very simple but due to the scientificdevelopment and market demand impetus in recentyears, a lot of new functions have been added, suchas digital signal acceptance, demodulation, multiple,compression, decipherment, video transformation,user remote control, bidirectional interactive informa-tion retrieval and so on. Decipherment involves the

Related linksPersonal service

ShoppingLife informationFinancial servicesOnline gameInternet

Various angle lens Video on demand

Services

TV industry Carriers Direct broadcast satellite industry Media industry

Digital interactive television

Industry

Figure 5. Interactive Digital Television services.

Figure 6. Core values of Interactive Digital Television.






utilization of conditional access (CA) apparatus todecrypt encrypted digital signals received. Interactiveinformation retrieval refers to embedding‘‘Middleware’’ and feedback mechanisms to reach theaim. Adopting conditional access, Middleware andfeedback mechanisms, all system service entrepreneurscan employ the STB to provide digital signals andmultimedia services.

Accessories and functions of the STB are shown inTable 1. An outline of an electronic program guide isshown in Table 2.

4. Development

Since the development of digital technologies and theinternet, the media industry has greatly reformed.Interactive and instantaneous networks have changedhuman life enormously. From traditional television todigital television, not only are there a varietyof options, but also life becomes more adaptable(Table 3).

Digital television is now comprehensively offered inmany countries but will be executed in Taiwan nextyear (Figure 8). There are already many STBs on themarket, but they only provide audiences with theoption to choose channels from many TV dramas andfilms, and their functions are not flawless. First, if thenetwork bandwidth is not wide enough at home, thedownloading and updating time will be too long andcustomers will lose patience. Second, the prices of STBsare too high to make them a desirable purchase for awider audience. These are the key reasons that

currently restrict the rapid development of InteractiveDigital Television.

5. Evaluation

5.1. Funding

The development of Interactive Digital Television hasbeen restricted. The lack of funding for the InteractiveDigital Television platform as a whole has preventedthe expansion of the market. If we want to encourageInteractive Digital Television in Taiwan to bloom, itneeds a large amount of funding. No matter whetherfor the development of devices or innovational technol-ogies, enormous funding is needed to cover the costs ofall TV shows.

Due to the shortage of funds, with the exception ofthose supplied by government, enterprises are forced to

Infrastructure

Set-top boxes

Value-added services Digital home appliances

TV

Digital interactive

Internet

Shopping

Instant news

E-commerce

T-Commerce

IC

Panel

Parts group Platform

MOD

IDTV

User

Consumer

Software industry

Operating system industry

Figure 7. Fish-bone chart of Interactive Digital Television.

Table 1. accessories and functions in Set Top Box

Accessory devices Function

� digital receiver � Most Set Top Boxes only

receive 01 digital Packet

Data, but a few of them

can also receive 01 digital

Packet Data and analog

signals.

� indoor and outdoor

antenna

UHF(470MHz�860MHz)

� infrared remote control � Chip-in-construct applica-

tion program can provide

an Electronic program

guide (EPG)

Chang et al. 5





employ different kinds of commercial strategies toattract domestic and foreign funds. To help solve thefunding problems, all enterprises involved shouldcooperate to adopt a common, standard middle plat-form to reduce the costs.

5.2. Technology

Interactive Digital Television combines access to theinternet with other technologies and requires hightechnological development (Chen et al., 2010a–h;Chiang et al., 2010; Lee, 2010; Lee et al., 2010a,b; Liet al., 2010; Shih et al., 2010a–c; Solihin et al., 2010; Leeet al., 2011a,b,c). The whole service flow network, fromcompression techniques, conditional access, hardwareand equipment to middle platforms, must obviouslydevelop rapidly. The present technological problem ofInteractive Digital Television is how to overcome

‘‘internet construction’’ and ‘‘service framework’’ prob-lems in a real commercial network.

5.3. Management

In recent years, television has grown rapidly. From wireto wireless and from analog to digital, there has beenunceasing innovation in TV technologies (Chen, 2011a–i; Chen et al., 2011a–h; Cheng et al., 2011; Chiang andWang, 2011; Chiou et al., 2011; Chu et al., 2011; Chenand Huang, 2011; Kuo et al., 2011; Kuo and Chen,2011; Lin and Chen, 2011; Liu et al., 2011a,b; Shihet al., 2011a–g). Users not only need to upgrade theirTV set but also need to add an STB to enjoy these newtechnologies. It takes a lot of time to solve these prob-lems to make this product worth buying for consumers.Additionally, they need the help of government policyto establish a fair prescription to assist the fast devel-opment of wire television entrepreneurs, and prevent

Table 2. Electronic program guide

Basic functions Interactive functions

1. Fast program index 1. Online shopping

2. Group consumers’ favorite channels 2. Surf the Internet, video conferencing and video on demand

3. Child frequency-locking 3. Subscribe to watching television time

4. Simultaneous multi-picture program preview 4. Record program

5. Provide USB slot for downloading updated programming 5. Credit transfer

Table 3. Comparison of traditional television and Interactive Digital Television

Traditional television Interactive Digital Television

Dissemination direction Unidirectional dissemination Bidirectional dissemination

Frame clarity Usual High quality

Time limit Limit Unlimited

Noise Reduction Bad Good

Signal intensity Signal decreases with

increasing distance

Signal does not change within a

fixed range

Channel quantity A few A lot

Sound quality Usual Theater-like effects

Bandwidth efficiency Low High

Multimedia services None Consumers can not only buy

goods and choose their favorite

movies on Interactive Digital

Television, but also surf the

internet.

Electronic program guide None Electronic program guide offered

and ability to recode the shows






telecommunication entrepreneurs from unfairly seizingthis opportunity.

6. Discussion

There are four main factors to develop a successfulinteractive television platform: content and services,system conformity entrepreneur, network tenders and

terminal equipment tenders. None of the abovemen-tioned factors can be missing. The main interactive tele-vision competitors in Taiwan are the ERA, EHS,Chunghwa Telecom, etc. (see Table 4)

Chunghwa Telecom has monopolized the provisionof such services in Taiwan for 40 years. Its managementhas matured, and consumers trust it very much. No onecan compare with its rich talented personnel, facilities,

0

20

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

40

60

80

100

120

America

Taiwan

Japan

China

Korea

India

Figure 8. Television digitization growth rate.

Table 4. Comparison of competitors for interactive television

Enterprise groups Core resources Predominance Development limit

Chunghwa

Telecom MOD

� long management experience Transmission network

available

State-operated enterprise

with inadequate flexibility� plentiful resources and tal-

ented personnel

� abundant funding

� various basic facilities

ERA IDTV � exclusive content uniformity extensive coverage

fraction of satellite

transmission

Satellite unidirectional so

transmission is not easy

to carry out interactive

services

� abundant and multi-

dimensional marketing

technique

� accumulated value by events

EHS � five-in-one united hypermedia

editing console

� bidirectional broadband

network in Taiwan

Funding question

� multiple sales channels � high network inter-

action ability

� abundant channel content � many cable TV

customers

Wireless telecommunication

entrepreneurs

Show production ability government policies

assistance and subsidized

funds

Inadequate adaptability to

rapid market change

Chang et al. 7





and fund and network construction. ChunghwaTelecom plays a important role and has invested ininteractive-type service work. Due to the volume ofusers and its market share, it will be anup-and-coming participant in interactive television inthe future.

However, in terms of management and operation,Chunghwa Telecom has some inborn inferiorities.Since it has been a monopoly for 40 years, it is confinedby insufficient flexibility. Additionally, its backgroundas a bureaucratic system is also a huge obstacle and it isconnected to political power.

Table 5. Comparison of four brands of Set Top Boxes

Chunghwa Telecom

MOD Next vod KbroVision Google TV

Platform service fee 89 NT dollars/month Free 99 NT dollars/month free

Price of Set Top Box free Free free 99 US dollars

Channels 120 channels þ40 HD

channels

News 105 general quality

channels þ 18 high

quality channels

Hundreds of channels

Size About one and half A4 About half of A4 About a A4 About half of A4

Movie quantity Ten of thousands of

movies

Thousands of movies Ten of thousands of

movies

Ten of thousands of

movies

Karaoke Y N N N

Predominance Thousands of songs

can be ordered on

the go. Songs will be

updated every

month.

It is small in size and

light-weight, and is

easy to carry and

install.

It has plentiful channel

contents and lower

costs. In general,

high quality channels

are increasing con-

tinuously. It can also

receive original

channels.

All applications in the

Android Market can

be executed.

Contents include

not only Netflix and

YouTube, but also

millions of channels

around the world.

Comparison trend The biggest superiority

is that it provides

several general and

high quality

channels. After all,

high quality channels

are the existing

trend.

Movies can be watched

and it can receive

various channels,

but there is low

selectivity.

Cable television

(CATV) with the

addition of a Set Top

Box becomes digital

television with

video-and- music

channels. Currently,

there are only a few

channels, but more

will develop in

future.

Application of Android

Market increases

ten of thousands

channels.

Figure 9. Future directions of Interactive Digital Television.






The management styles of the ERA and EHS aresimilar because their funding is less abundant thanChunghwa Telecom. In Taiwan, if a digital televisionplatform is to develop, there must be enough funding –otherwise businesses will not use it to broadcast theircontents. If the situation means that the broadcastingcontents are not plentiful, it will become a vicious cycle.

Set Top Boxes are manufactured and sold for digitaltelevisions. There are already a lot of brands, such asGoogle TV, Apple TV, Sony, Android TV, ChunghwaTelecom MOD, Next vod, KbroVision and so on, com-peting in the market, each with its own merits andflaws. Four brands that currently sell well in the com-petitive market are chosen to make a comparison(Table 5). Consumers can refer to Table 5 when decid-ing which brand to buy.

7. Conclusion

The advent of digital interactive television means theremay be a living room revolution at home. For example,you could have a digital interactive television on whichyou could surf the internet and interact with the net-work. The system has multi-dimensional functions andaudiences can decide what they want to watch freely.While they are watching shows, they can join the lotteryoffered by TV stations, participate in opinion polls,connect with social networks and friends, or makeonline purchases. In a word, the TV set will be ableto handle many aspects of people’s lives. The futureTV will become smarter, be closer to our needs, andbecome more than a traditional TV set.

In the past, people have always had to turn on botha computer and a TV. Now, with interactive functions,we only need to move our fingers on a remote control.The computer does not need to be opened. We canwatch TV programs and surf the internet, which willsave a lot of time and be more convenient.

In the future, multimedia servers will offer TV pro-grams, videos, karaoke, lotteries and opinion polls.Furthermore, TV value-added functions can includevideo on demand, electronic programming guides, per-sonal digital television video recording, advanced tele-vision and instantaneous express functions.Applications can connect with all social networks.While watching TV programs, audiences can reachtheir friends freely on Facebook, Plurk, Youtube, etc.This type of TV provides more master control powersand better benefits for audiences. Without having topay, the audience can just press the remote control.They can watch today’s TV shows or TV programsshown several days ago. Moreover, weather forecastsand transportation timetables can also be clearly dis-played on the TV screen (Figure 9).

Entrepreneurs should vigorously invest in theInteractive Digital Television market. Government esti-mates that digitization has caused a tide of replacementof STBs and liquid crystal display TVs (LCD TVs),with a gross output value that could reach 1200 hun-dred million NT dollars. If the value of all peripheraldevices is added, it might reach 2 million million NTdollars.

As we walk into the electrical appliance area in anysupercenter, we can see that most TV sets have built-indigital television. It is thus clear that the ordinary TV isgradually being replaced. The government is imple-menting digitalization next year. Nowadays sales ofall digital televisions are increasing, as are those ofSet Top Boxes. Next year will welcome a realinnovation.

Acknowledgements:

The authors acknowledge the support of their funding body.

They are also most grateful for the kind assistance ofProfessor Ali Nayfeh, Editor of JVC, and for the constructivesuggestions from the anonymous reviewers, all of which have

helped to make several corrections and have greatly aided usto improve the presentation of this paper.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Council ofthe Republic of China, (Grant Nos. NSC 99-2628-E-153-001,NSC 99-2221-E-265-002, and NSC 100-2628-E-153-001).

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Chen CY (2011c) Statistical and dynamical analyses of propa-

gation mechanisms of solitary internal waves in a two-






layer stratification. Journal of Marine Science andTechnology 16(1): 100–114.

Chen CY (2010c) Using discriminant analysis to determine

the breaking criterion for an ISW propagating over aridge. Environmental Fluid Mechanics 10: 577–586.

Chen CY (2010d) Using discriminant analysis to determinethe breaking criterion for an ISW propagating over a

ridge. Environmental Fluid Mechanics 10: 577–586.Chen CY (2011f) A critical review and improvement method

on biped robot. International Journal of Innovative

Computing, Information and Control 7(9): 5245–5254.Chen CY (2012f) An innovative knowledge management

learning cycle by Lego NXT for science education.

International Journal of Innovative Computing,Information and Control 8(1B): 791–798.

Chen CY (2012g) A critical review of internal wave dynamics.

Part 1 – Remote sensing and in–situ observations. Journalof Vibration and Control 18(3): 417–436, DOI: 10.1177/1077546310395971.

Chen CY (2012h) Assessment of the major hazard potential

of interfacial solitary waves moving over a trapezoidalobstacle on a horizontal plateau. Natural Hazards, DOI10.1007/s11069-012-0107-7.

Chen CY (2012i) Internal wave transport, nonlinear manifest-ation, and mixing in a stratified shear layer – technicalbriefs. Journal of Vibration and Control, DOI: 10.1177/

1077546311429337.Chen CY and Huang PH (2012) Review of an autonomous

humanoid robot and its mechanical control. Journal ofVibration and Control 18: 973–982.

Chen CY, Hsu RC and Chen CW (2005) Fuzzy logic deriv-ation of neural network models with time delays in sub-systems. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence

Tools 14: 967–974.Chen CY, Hsu JRC, Chen CW and Cheng MH (2006b)

Numerical model of an internal solitary wave evolution

on impermeable variable seabed in a stratified two-layerfluid system. China Ocean Engineering 20: 303–313.

Chen CY, Tseng IF, Yang HCP, Chen CW and Chen TH

(2006c) Profile evolution and energy dissipation for inter-nal soliton transmitting over different submarine ridges.China Ocean Engineering 20: 585–594.

Chen CY, Hsu John RC and Chen CW (2007b) Generation of

internal solitary wave by gravity collapse. Journal ofMarine Science and Technology 15: 1–7.

Chen CY, Hsu, John RC and Chen CW (2007) Wave propa-

gation at the interface of a two-layer fluid system in thelaboratory. Journal of Marine Science and Technology 15:8–16.

Chen CY, Lin CL, Tseng IF and Chen CW (2007d) Dynamicbehavior of an internal solitary wave oscillating over vari-able bathymetry. Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering34: 153–166.

Chen CY, Chen CW and Tseng IF (2007e) Localized mixingdue to an interfacial solitary wave breaking on seabed top-ography in different ridge heights. Journal of Offshore

Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 129: 245–250.Chen CY, Yang HC, Chen CW and Chen TH (2008a)

Diagnosing and revising logistic regression models: effect

on internal solitary wave propagation. Engineering

Computations – International Journal for Computer-AidedEngineering and Software 25: 121–139.

Chen CY, Hsu JRC, Cheng MH and Chen CW (2008c)

Experiments on mixing and dissipation in internal solitarywaves over two triangular obstacles. Environmental FluidMechanics 8: 199–214.

Chen CY, Shen CW, Chen CW, Liu KFR and Jeng MJ

(2009a) A stability criterion for time-delay tension leg plat-form systems subjected to external force. China OceanEngineering 23: 49–57.

Chen CY, Lin JW, Lee WI and Chen CW (2010a) Fuzzycontrol for an oceanic structure: a case study in time-delay TLP system. Journal of Vibration and Control 16:

147–160.Chen LT, Chen CW and Chen CY (2010b) Are educational

background and gender moderator variables for leader-

ship, satisfaction and organizational commitment.African Journal of Business Management 4: 248–261.

Chen CY, Lee WI, Kuo HM, Chen CW and Chen KH(2010d) The study of a forecasting sales model for fresh

food. Expert Systems with Applications 37: 7696–7702.Chen CY, Yang YF, Chen CW, Chen LT and Chen TH

(2010e) Linking the balanced scorecard (BSC) to business

management performance: a preliminary concept of fittheory for navigation science and management.International Journal of the Physical Sciences 5: 1296–1305.

Chen CY, Shyue SW and Chang CJ (2010g) Association rulemining for evaluation of regional environments: case studyof Dapeng Bay, Taiwan. International Journal ofInnovative Computing, Information and Control 6:

3425–3436.Chen CY, Liu KC, Liu YW and Huang WC (2010h) A case

study of reinforced concrete short column under earth-

quake using experimental and theoretical investigations.Structural Engineering and Mechanics 36: 197–206.

Chen CY, Shih BY, Shih CH and Chou WC (2011a) The

development of autonomous low cost biped mobile sur-veillance robot by intelligent bricks. Journal of Vibrationand Control 18: 577–586.

Chen CY, Shih BY and Chou WC (2011b) Obstacle avoid-ance design for a humanoid intelligent robot with ultra-sonic sensors. Journal of Vibration and Control 17(12):1798–1804.

Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen ZS and Chen TH (2011c) Theexploration of internet marketing strategy by searchengine optimization: a critical review and comparison.

African Journal of Business Management 5(12): 4644–4649.Chen CY, Shih BY, Shih CH and Wang LH (2012e) Design,

modeling and stability control for an actuated dynamic

walking planar bipedal robot. Journal of Vibration andControl, 18: 577–586.

Chen CY, Shih BY, Shih CH and Wang LH (2012f) Human–machine interface for the motion control of humanoid

biped robots using a graphical user interface MotionEditor. Journal of Vibration and Control, DOI: 10.1177/1077546312437804.

Chen CY, Shih BY and Ma JM (2012g) Development forlow-cost and cross-platform robot control environment.Journal of Vibration and Control, DOI: 10.1177/

1077546311430107.

Chang et al. 11





Chen CY, Shih BY and Chou WC (2012h) An enhanced obs-

tacle avoidance and path correction mechanism for an

autonomous intelligent robot with multiple sensors.


1077546311426734.

Chen PC, Chen CW and Chiang WL (2008d) GA-based fuzzy

sliding mode controller for nonlinear systems.

Mathematical Problems in Engineering– An Open Access

Journal, DOI: 10.1155/2008/325859.Chen PC, Chen CW and Chiang WL (2009b) GA-based mod-

ified adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller for nonlinear

systems. Expert Systems with Applications 36: 5872–5879.Chen PC, Chen CW, Chiang WL and Yeh K (2009f) A novel

stability condition and its application to GA-based fuzzy

control for nonlinear systems with uncertainty. Journal of

Marine Science and Technology 17: 293–299.Chen PC, Chen CW, Chiang WL and Lo DC (2011f) GA-

based decoupled adaptive FSMC for nonlinear systems by

a singular perturbation scheme. Neural Computing and

Applications 20(4): 517–526.

Chen PC, Chen CW and Chiang WL (2011g) Linear matrix

inequality conditions of nonlinear systems by genetic algo-

rithm-based adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller.

Journal of Vibration and Control 17(2): 163–173.Chen TH and Chen CW (2010a) Application of data mining

to the spatial heterogeneity of foreclosed mortgages.

Expert Systems with Applications 37: 993–997.

Chen TH, Chen CY, Yang CH and Chen CW (2008e) A

mathematical tool for inference in logistic regression

with small-sized data sets – a practical application on

ISW-ridge relationships. Mathematical Problems in

Engineering – An Open Access Journal, DOI: 10.1155/

2008/186372.Chen TH, Yang HC, Chen CY and Chen CW (2009c)

Application of logistic regression model: propagation

effect on internal soliton. Journal of Chung Cheng

Institute of Technology 37: 1–10.Chen WT and Saif M (2010) Fuzzy nonlinear unknown input

observer design with fault diagnosis applications. Journal

of Vibration and Control 16(3): 377–401.

Cheng MH, Hsu John RC and Chen CY (2011) Laboratory

experiments on waveform inversion of an internal solitary

wave over a slope-shelf. Environmental Fluid Mechanics

11(4): 353–384.Chiang TC and Wang WJ (2011) Highway on-ramp control

using fuzzy decision making. Journal of Vibration and

Control 17(2): 205–213.

Chiang WL, Chiou DJ, Tang JP, Hsu WK and Liu TY (2010)

Detecting the sensitivity of structural damage based on the

Hilbert-Huang transform approach. Engineering

Computations 27: 799–818.Chiou DJ, Hsu WK, Chen CW, Hsieh CM, Tang JP and

Chiang WL (2011) Applications of Hilbert-Huang trans-

form to structural damage detection. Structural

Engineering and Mechanics 39(1): 1–20.Chu TH, Lin ML, Chang CH and Chen CW (2011)

Developing a tour guiding information system for tourism

service using mobile GIS and GPS techniques. Advances in

Information Sciences and Service Sciences 3(6): 49–58.

Haartsen JC (2000) The Bluetooth radio system. IEEEPersonal Communications 7: 28–36.

Hsiao FH, Chen CW, Wu YH and Chiang WL (2005a) Fuzzy

controllers for nonlinear interconnected TMD systemswith external force. Journal of The Chinese Institute ofEngineers 28: 175–181.

Hsiao FH, Hwang JD, Chen CW and Tsai ZR (2005b)

Robust stabilization of nonlinear multiple time-delaylarge-scale systems via decentralized fuzzy control. IEEETransactions onFuzzy Systems 13: 152–163.

Hsiao FH, Chiang WL, Chen CW, Xu SD and Wu SL(2005c) Application and robustness design of fuzzy con-troller for resonant and chaotic systems with external dis-

turbance. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzzinessand Knowledge-Based System 13: 281–295.

Hsiao FH, Chiang WL and Chen CW (2005d) Fuzzy Control

for nonlinear systems via neural-network-based approach.International Journal for Computational Methods in

Engineering Science and Mechanics 6: 145–152.Hsiao FH, Chen CW, Liang YW, Xu SD and Chiang WL

(2005e) T-S fuzzy controllers for nonlinear interconnectedsystems with multiple time delays. IEEE Transactions onCircuits & Systems-I Regular Papers 52: 1883–1893.

Hsieh TY, Wang MHL and Chen CW (2006) A new view-point of S-curve regression model and its application toconstruction management. International Journal on

Artificial Intelligence Tools 15: 131–142.Hsu WK, Huang PC, Chang CC, Chen CW, Hung DM and

Chiang WL (2011) An integrated flood risk assessmentmodel for property insurance industry in Taiwan.

Natural Hazards 58(3): 1295–1309.Jayaswal P, Verma SN and Wadhwani AK (2011)

Development of EBP-artificial neural network expert

system for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis.Journal of Vibration and Control 17(8): 1131–1148.

Kuo HM and Chen CW (2011) Application of quality func-

tion deployment to improve the quality of Internet shop-ping website interface design. International Journal ofInnovative Computing, Information and Control 7(1):

253–268.Kuo HM and Chen CW (2012a) A novel viewpoint on infor-

mation and interface design for auction website. HumanFactors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service

Industries, DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20274.Kuo HM and Chen CW (2012b) A study of B2C supporting

interface design system for the elderly. Human Factors and

Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, DOI:10.1002/hfm.20297.

Kuo HM, Chen CW and Chen CW (2011) A study of mer-

chandise information and interface design on B2C web-sites. Journal of Marine Science and Technology 19(1):15–22.

Lee SC, Wang CC, Huang CC, Wang JS, Huang CH, Chen

CY and Huang PH (2011a) The idolization of Chien-MingWang and social psychological factors in Taiwan.International Journal of the Physical Sciences 6: 2607–2612.

Lee SC, Lin PH, Wang JS, Huang CH, Chen CY and HuangPH (2011b) Mass media in Taiwan and the formation ofChien-Ming Wang’s baseball superstar image.

International Journal of the Physical Sciences 6: 3000–3006.






Lee WI (2010) The development of a qualitative dynamic

attribute value model for healthcare institutes. Iranian

Journal of Public Health 39(4): 15–25.Lee WI and Chen CW (2012) A forecasting model for fresh

food sales in POS database: a comparison between the

logistic regression, moving average and BPNN methods.

Journal of Marine Science and Technology 20: 142–152.

Lee WI, Chen CW, Chen TH and Chen CY (2010a) The

relationship between consumer orientation, service value,

medical care service quality and patient satisfaction: the

case of a medical center in Southern Taiwan. African

Journal of Business Management 4: 448–458.Lee WI, Chen CW and Wu CH (2010b) Relationship between

quality of medical treatment and customer satisfaction – a

case study in dental clinic association. International

Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control

6: 1805–1822.Lee WI, Chiu YT, Liu CC and Chen CY (2011c) Assessing

the effects of consumer involvement and service quality in

a self-service setting. Human Factors and Ergonomics in

Manufacturing & Service Industries 21(5): 504–515.Lee WI (2012c) A hybrid artificial intelligence sales-forecast-

ing system in the convenience store industry. Human

Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service

Industries 22: 188–196.

Li L, Song G and Ou J (2010) Nonlinear structural vibration

suppression using dynamic neural network observer and

adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control. Journal of Vibration

and Control 16(10): 1503–1526.Lin CL, Wang JF, Chen CY, Chen CW and Yen CW (2009b)

Improving the generalization performance of RBF neural

networks using a linear regression technique. Expert

Systems with Applications 36: 12049–12053.Lin JW, Huang CW, Shih CH and Chen CY (2011a) Fuzzy

Lyapunov stability analysis and NN modeling for tension

leg platform systems. Journal of Vibration and Control

17(2): 151–158.Lin JW, Chen CW and Chung SH (2011b) Modeling and

assessment of bridge structure for seismic hazard preven-

tion. Natural Hazards 61: 1115–1126.

Lin JW, Chen CW and Peng CY (2012b) Kalman filter deci-

sion systems for debris flow hazard assessment. Natural

Hazards 60(3): 1255–1266, DOI 10.1007/s11069-011-

9907-4.Lin ML and Chen CW (2010) Application of fuzzy models for

the monitoring of ecologically sensitive ecosystems in a

dynamic semi-arid landscape from satellite imagery.

Engineering Computations 27: 5–19.Lin ML and Chen CW (2011) Using GIS-based spatial geo-

computation from remotely sensed data for drought risk-

sensitive assessment. International Journal of Innovative

Computing, Information and Control 7(2): 657–668.

Lin ML and Chen CW (2012) Stability analysis of community

and ecosystem hierarchies using the Lyapunov method.

Journal of Vibration and Control 17(13): 1930–1937.Lin ML, Chen CW, Wang QB and Cao Y (2009a) Fuzzy

model-based assessment and monitoring of desertification

using MODIS satellite imagery. Engineering Computations

26: 745–760.

Liu KC, Liu YW, Huang WC and Chen CY (2010) The struc-

ture behavior of reinforced concrete wing–wall under

earthquake. International Journal of the Physical Sciences

5(7): 1164–1174.

Liu KC, Liu YW, Chen CY and Huang WC (2012c)

Nonlinear vibration of structural deterioration in rein-

forced concrete columns: experimental and theoretical

investigation. Journal of Vibration and Control, DOI:

10.1177/1077546311429477.Liu KFR, Hsu CY, Yeh K and Chen CW (2011a)

Hierarchical analytic network process and its application

in environmental impact evaluation. Civil Engineering and

Environmental Systems 28(1): 1–18.

Liu KFR, Lu CF, Chen CW and Shen YS (2012a) Applying

Bayesian belief networks to health risk assessment.

Stochastic Environmental Research & Risk Assessment

26(3): 451–465.

Liu TY, Chiang WL, Chen CW, Hsu WK, Lu LC and Chu TJ

(2011b) Identification and monitoring of bridge health

from ambient vibration data. Journal of Vibration and

Control 17(4): 589–603.

Liu TY, Chiang WL, Chen CW, Hsu WK, Lin CW, Huang

PC and Chu TJ (2012b) Structural system identification

for vibration bridges using the Hilbert-Huang transform.


1077546311428347.Marichal GN, Artes M and Garcia-Prada JC (2011) An intel-

ligent system for faulty-bearing detection based on vibra-

tion spectra. Journal of Vibration and Control 17(6):

931–942.

Metin M and Guclu R (2011) Active vibration control with

comparative algorithms of half rail vehicle model under

various track irregularities. Journal of Vibration and

Control 17(10): 1525–1539.

Shen CW, Cheng MJ, Chen CW, Tsai FM and Cheng YC

(2011) A fuzzy AHP-based fault diagnosis for semicon-

ductor lithography process. International Journal of

Innovative Computing, Information and Control 7(2):

805–816.Shih BY, Chen CY, Shih CH and Tseng JY (2010a) The

development of enhancing mechanisms for improving the

performance of IEEE 802.15.4. International Journal of the

Physical Sciences 5: 884–897.Shih BY, Chang CJ, Chen AW and Chen CY (2010b)

Enhanced MAC channel selection to improve perform-

ance of IEEE 802.15.4. International Journal of

Innovative Computing, Information and Control 6:

5511–5526.Shih BY, Chen CY and Chou WC (2011a) Obstacle avoid-

ance using a path correction method for autonomous con-

trol of a biped intelligent robot. Journal of Vibration and

Control 17(10): 1567–1573.Shih BY, Chen CY, Chang H and Ma JM (2012b)

Dynamics and control for robotic manipulators using a

greedy algorithm approach. Journal of Vibration and

Control 18: 859–866.Shih BY, Shih CH, Li CC, Chen TH, Chen YH and Chen CY

(2011d) Elementary school student’s acceptance of Lego

NXT: the technology acceptance model, a preliminary

Chang et al. 13





investigation. International Journal of the Physical Sciences

6(22): 5054–5063.

Shih BY, Chen CY and Li CE (2011e) The exploration of

mobile mandarin learning system by the application of

TRIZ theory. Computer Applications in Engineering

Education, DOI: 10.1002/cae.20478.Shih BY, Lo TW and Chen CY (2011f) The research of quad-

tree search algorithms for anti-collision in radio frequency

identification systems. Scientific Research and Essays

6(25): 5342–5350.Shih CH, Yamamura S and Chen CY (2010c) Analysis of

control structure for turning maneuvers. Mathematical

Problems in Engineering 2010, DOI:10.1155/2010/481438.Shih CH, Wakabayashi N, Yamamura S and Chen CY

(2011g) A context model with a time-dependent multi-

layer exception handling policy. International Journal of

Innovative Computing, Information and Control 7(5A):

2225–2234.Solihin MI and Wahyudi and Legowo A (2010) Fuzzy-tuned

PID anti-swing control of automatic gantry vrane. Journal

of Vibration and Control 16(1): 127–145.Soundarrajan A and Sumathi S (2011) Fuzzy-based intelli-

gent controller for power generating systems. Journal of

Vibration and Control 17(8): 1265–1278.

Su TJ, Cheng JC, Huang MY, Lin TH and Chen CW (2011)

Applications of cellular neural networks to noise cancella-

tion in gray images based on adaptive particle swarm opti-

mization. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 30(6):

1131–1148.

Tang JP, Chiou DJ, Chen CW, Chiang WL, Hsu WK, Chen

CY and Liu TY (2011) A case study of damage detection

in benchmark buildings using a Hilbert-Huang

Transform-based method. Journal of Vibration and

Control 17(4): 623–636.Tsai CH and Chen CW (2011a) The establishment of a rapid

natural disaster risk assessment model for the tourism

industry. Tourism Management 32(1): 158–171.

Tsai CH and Chen CW (2011b) Development of a mechanism

for typhoon and flood risk assessment and disaster man-

agement in the hotel industry – a case study of the Hualien

area. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism

11(3): 324–341.

Tsai CH, Chen CW, Chiang WL and Lin ML (2008)

Application of geographic information system to the allo-

cation of disaster shelters via fuzzy models. Engineering

Computations – International Journal for Computer-Aided

Engineering and Software 25: 86–100.

Tseng CP and Chen CW (2012) Natural disaster management

mechanisms for probabilistic earthquake loss. Natural

Hazards 60(3): 1055–1063.

Tseng CP, Chang ML and Chen CW (2012a) The human

factors of knowledge sharing intention among Taiwanese

enterprises: a preliminary study. Human Factors and

Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, DOI:

10.1002/hfm.20284.

Tseng CP, Chen CW and Liu FR (2012b) Risk control allo-

cation model for pressure vessels and piping project.


Tseng CP, Chen CW and Tu YP (2012c) A new viewpoint on

risk control decision models for natural disasters. Natural

Hazards 59(3): 1715–1733.Yang HC and Chen CW (2012) Potential hazard analysis

from the viewpoint of flow measurement in large open-

channel junctions. Natural Hazards 61(2): 803–813.Yang HC, Chen CY, Chen CW and Chen TH (2008a)

Estimation on internal wave reflection in a two-layer

fluid system by cumulative logistic regression model.

Journal of Marine Science and Technology 16: 44–51.Yang HC, Chen TH, Chen CW, Chen CY and Liu CT

(2008b) Accuracy evaluation of a diagnostic test by detect-

ing outliers and influential observations. China Ocean

Engineering 22: 421–429.Yeh K, Chen CY and Chen CW (2008) Robustness design of

time-delay fuzzy systems using fuzzy Lyapunov method.

Applied Mathematics and Computation 205: 568–577.

Yeh K, Chen CW, Lo DC and Liu Kevin FR (2012) Neural-

network fuzzy control for chaotic tuned mass damper sys-

tems with time delays. Journal of Vibration and Control,

DOI: 10.1177/1077546311407538.Yu SES, Huarng KH, Li MYL and Chen CY (2011a) A novel

option pricing model via fuzzy binomial decision tree.

International Journal of Innovative Computing,

Information and Control 7(2): 709–718.Yu SE, Li MY, Leon, Huarng KH, Chen TH and Chen CY

(2011b) Model construction of option pricing based on

fuzzy theory. Journal of Marine Science and Technology

19(5): 460–469.

Zhang H, Ni J and Ni X (2010a) Internal energy based ana-

lysis on mechanism of spindle speed variation for regen-

erative chatter control. Journal of Vibration and Control

16(2): 281–301.Zhang H, Xie X and Zhao JL (2011a) Parametric vibration of

carbon fiber reinforced plastic cables with damping effects

in long-span cable-stayed bridges. Journal of Vibration and

Control 17(14): 2117–2130.

Zhang L, Dupuis R and Dupuis X (2011b) Measurement and

identification of dynamic properties of flexible polyureth-

ane foam. Journal of Vibration and Control 17(4): 517–526.Zhang X, Mills JK and Cleghorn WL (2010b) Experimental

implementation on vibration mode control of a moving

3-PRR flexible parallel manipulator with multiple PZT

transducers. Journal of Vibration and Control 16(13):

2035–2054.Zhang Y, Sharf I and Sharf X (2011c) Force reconstruction

for low velocity impacts using force and acceleration meas-

urements. Journal of Vibration and Control 17(3): 407–420.Zhang Y, Huang X and Zhao Q (2011d) Sensitivity analysis

for vibration transfer path systems with non-viscous

damping. Journal of Vibration and Control 17(7):

1042–1048.

Zhao H (2011a) Repetitive learning control of a flexible whis-

ker in tip contact with an unknown surface. Journal of

Vibration and Control 17(2): 197–203.Zhao M (2011b) Stochastic optimal semi-active control of

stay cables by using magneto-rheological damper.







Zhao Y (2010a) Vibration suppression of a quadrilateral plateusing hybrid piezoelectric circuits. Journal of Vibration andControl 16(5): 701–720.

Zhao Y (2010b) Vibration control of seat suspension usingH1 reliable control. Journal of Vibration and Control16(12): 1859–1879.

Zheng LA, Ho WH, Chou JH and Chen SH (2011) Robust-

optimal active vibration controllers design of flexible

mechanical systems via orthogonal function approach

and genetic algorithm. Journal of Vibration and Control

17(2): 223–234.Zhu J, Ye GR, Xiang YQ and Chen WQ (2011) Dynamic

behavior of cable-stayed beam with localized damage.


Chang et al. 15




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