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8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
1/12
Alley, Michael, The Craft of Scientific Presentations (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003), chap 4.
Alley, Michael, and Kathryn A. Neeley, "Rethinking the Design of Presentation Slides: A Case for Sentence
Headlines and Visual Evidence," Technical Communication, vol. 52, no. 4 (November 2005), pp. 417-426.
[Zess and Thole, 2001]
Templates: http://writing.eng.vt.edu/slides.html
Fillets reduce leading edge vortices in natureand in engineering
Fillet on dorsal finof shark
Fillet on Seawolfsubmarine
Fillet
Fillet
[Devenportet al., 1991]
[Rader, 1997]
Rethinking the Design
of Presentation Slides
Michael AlleyCollege of Engineering
Penn State
We propose to test a fillet design for turbineblades and vanes downstream of the combustor
The purpose of the fillet design is to reduce vorticesthat disrupt the film cooling of the blades and vanes
[Pratt&Whitney, 2000]
Combustor
This presentation presents a slide design that is
more effective than PowerPoints default design
Is graspedmore readily
Is morememorable
Three classes of methods exist forreducing emissions of sulfur dioxide
post-combustionmethods
combustionmethods
pre-combustion methods
This presentation compares several methodsfor reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide
Is morepersuasive
Discrete Components
Passive module
Power passive modules perform the same functions
as discrete circuits but with smaller volumes
The total volume is cut by more than half
168 cm3
82 cm3
[Alley, 2003][Alley and Neeley, 2005]
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
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Alley, Michael, The Craft of Scientific Presentations (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003), chap 4.
Alley, Michael, and Kathryn A. Neeley, "Rethinking the Design of Presentation Slides: A Case for Sentence
Headlines and Visual Evidence," Technical Communication, vol. 52, no. 4 (November 2005), pp. 417-426.
Hefner developed a dynamic electro-thermal model for IGBT, from of thetemperature-dependent IGBT silicon chip, packages and heat sinks. The temperature-
dependent IGBT electrical model describes the instantaneous electrical behavior in
terms of the instantaneous temperature of the IGBT silicon chip surface. The
instantaneous power dissipated in the IGBT is calculated using the electrical model
and determines the instantaneous heat rate that is applied to the surface of the silicon
chip thermal model. Hefner incorporated this methodology into the SABER circuit
simulator.
Adams, Joshi and Blackburn considered thermal interactions between the heatsources, substrate, and encloses walls as affected by the thermal conductance of the
walls and substrate with the intent of determining which physical effects and level of
detail are necessary to accurately predict thermal behavior of discretely heated
enclosures.
Chen, Wu and Borojevich are modeling of thermal and electrical behavior usingseveral commercial softwares (I-DEAS, Maxwell, Flotherm and Saber) and 3-D,
transient approaches.
Toom
anyw
ords
For a slide to be effective, the audience has
to be able to grasp its content quickly
3
Observations
Segment C (not on the 520 Main St. Property)represents the dominant feature
The characteristics of Segment C are vastlydifferent than those of Segments A and B (whichare located on the subject property)
The characteristics of the dominant portion of the
system (Segment C) are suggestive of a perennialstream
Direct observations are needed
A detailed technical analysis is needed by aqualified, independent hydrologist.
Tireso
meto
read
For a slide to be effective, the audience has
to be able to grasp its content quickly
3
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
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Alley, Michael, The Craft of Scientific Presentations (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003), chap 4.
Zess, Gary, and Karen Thole, Computational Design and Experimental Evaluation of Using a Leading Edge Fillet on a
Gas Turbine Vane, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Exposition, 2001-GT-404 (New Orleans: IGTI, 5 June 2001).
Hefner developed a dynamic electro-thermal model for IGBT, from of thetemperature-dependent IGBT silicon chip, packages and heat sinks. The temperature-
dependent IGBT electrical model describes the instantaneous electrical behavior in
terms of the instantaneous temperature of the IGBT silicon chip surface. The
instantaneous power dissipated in the IGBT is calculated using the electrical model
and determines the instantaneous heat rate that is applied to the surface of the silicon
chip thermal model. Hefner incorporated this methodology into the SABER circuit
simulator.
Adams, Joshi and Blackburn considered thermal interactions between the heatsources, substrate, and encloses walls as affected by the thermal conductance of the
walls and substrate with the intent of determining which physical effects and level of
detail are necessary to accurately predict thermal behavior of discretely heated
enclosures. Chen, Wu and Borojevich are modeling of thermal and electrical behavior usingseveral commercial softwares (I-DEAS, Maxwell, Flotherm and Saber) and 3-D,
transient approaches.
Observations
Segment C (not on the 520 Main St. Property)represents the dominant feature
The characteristics of Segment C are vastlydifferent than those of Segments A and B (whichare located on the subject property)
The characteristics of the dominant portion of thesystem (Segment C) are suggestive of a perennialstream
Direct observations are needed
A detailed technical analysis is needed by aqualified, independent hydrologist.
For a slide to be effective, the audience has
to be able to grasp its content quickly
Sentenceheadline
No bullet lists
Visualevidence
[Zess and Thole, 2001]
We propose to test a fillet design for turbineblades and vanes downstream of the combustor
The purpose of the fillet design is to reduce vorticesthat disrupt the film cooling of the blades and vanes
[Pratt&Whitney, 2000]
Combustor
3
We propose to test a fillet design for turbine
blades and vanes downstream of the combustor
The purpose of the fillet design is to reduce vorticesthat disrupt the film cooling of the blades and vanes
[Pratt&Whitney, 2000]
Combustor
4
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
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Alley, Michael, The Craft of Scientific Presentations (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003), chap 4.
Zess, Gary, and Karen Thole, Computational Design and Experimental Evaluation of Using a Leading Edge Fillet on a
Gas Turbine Vane, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Exposition, 2001-GT-404 (New Orleans: IGTI, 5 June 2001).
Fillets reduce leading edge vortices in nature
and in engineering
Fillet on dorsal finof shark
Fillet on Seawolfsubmarine
Fillet
Fillet
[Devenport et al., 1991]
[Rader, 1997]
5
The sentence headline should state succinctly
the purpose or assertion of the slide
Computations show that the fillet prevents theleading edge vortex and delays the passage vortex
Tinf TawTinf Tslot
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
Sentences orient the audiencemuch better than phrases do
Sentences force the presenterto wrestle with the argument
6
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Zess, Gary, and Karen Thole, Computational Design and Experimental Evaluation of Using a Leading Edge Fillet on a
Gas Turbine Vane, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Exposition, 2001-GT-404 (New Orleans: IGTI, 5 June 2001).
Without Fillet With Fillet
Tinf TawTinf Tslot
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
Passagevortex
Leading edgevortex
Computations show that the fillet prevents the
leading edge vortex and delays the passage vortex
7
The body of a slide should support the headline
with visual evidence rather than bullet lists
Measurements show that the fillet prevents
formation of the leading edge vortex
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
-0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0
z/S
x/C
Velocity profile:
vane with fillet
-0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0
x/C
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
z/S
Velocity profile:vane without fillet
z/S
Leading edgevortex
8
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Alley, Michael, The Craft of Scientific Presentations (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003), chap 4.
Schmidt, Cynthia, Methods to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants (Austin, Texas:
University of Texas December 1999).
To make slides memorable, you have to consider
what to include and what to exclude
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Background
Pre-Combustion Methods
coal switching
coal cleaning
Combustion Method
atmospheric fluidized bed
Post-Combustion Methods
adsorption
absorptionConclusions
Questions?
Notm
emorable
9
To make slides memorable, you have to consider
what to include and what to exclude
What to include
What to exclude
Three classes of methods exist forreducing emissions of sulfur dioxide
post-combustionmethods
combustionmethods
pre-combustion methods
This presentation compares several methods
for reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide
[Schmidt, 1989]9
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
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Robertshaw, Harry, Class Period 15: Signals and Systems, classroom presentation (Blacksburg, VA: ME 4005,
16 March 2004).
Shaw, Gordon, Robert Brown, and Philip Bromiley, Strategic Stories: How 3M Is Rewriting Business Planning,
Harvard Business Review (MayJune, 1998), pp. 4150.
Accelerometer outputs an analog voltage
Hardware converts analog signal to digital
Computer samples a number of points
Data is exported to popular applications
Bullets are not memorable, because bullets do
not show the connections
[Shaw and others, 1998]10
Audiences can remember more when details
are presented visually
[Robertshaw, 2004]
Accelerometer outputs
an output voltage
Hardware convertsanalog signal to digital
Computer samples a
number of points
Data is exported to
popular applications
11
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
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Alley, Michael, Madeline Schreiber, Katrina Ramsdell, and John Muffo, "How the Design of Headlines in Presentation
Slides Affects Audience Retention," Technical Communication, vol. 53, no. 2 (May 2006), pp. 225-234.
In a pilot study, we tested this new design in theteaching slides of a large geology course
Students: Fall 2004Message delivered withtypical slide design
Comparison:Test scores onsame questions
Same message deliveredwith new slide design Students: Fall 2005 [Alley et al., 2006]
Led to 59% recall Led to 77% recall
Iron An abundant metal, makes
up 5.6% of earths crust
Properties:
shaped, sharpened, welded
strong, durable
Accounts for >95% of
metals used
Iron ores discovered in 1844
in Michigans Upper
Peninsula
Soon found other ores in
upper Wisconsin and
Minnesota Kesler1994
Iron Ore Distribution
Level of significance < 0.001
When the tested assertion was in the sentence
headline, students performed significantly better
[Alley et al., 2006]
[Kesler1994]
Iron Ore Distribution
[www.star-bits.com]
Iron ore
Where is the largest concentration of iron oresin North America?
Can be shaped,sharpened, and welded
Iron ores make up 5.6% of the earths crustand account for 95% of the metals used
Is strongand durable
Q: How abundant is iron in the earths crust?
13
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
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Alley, Michael, Madeline Schreiber, Katrina Ramsdell, and John Muffo, "How the Design of Headlines in Presentation
Slides Affects Audience Retention," Technical Communication, vol. 53, no. 2 (May 2006), pp. 225-234.
Led to 71% correct Led to 82% correct
When answers resided in the sentence headlines,students scored higher on identical test questions
Q: Percentage of worlds resources that the U.S. uses?
p < 0.025
U.S. Resource Use
The United States uses:
42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide
31% of all the petroleum
29% of all the phosphate
27% of all the copper
27% of the nitrogen
25% of the zinc
Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide
Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population,
we use an average of 30% of all resources
United States use of specific resources
(percentage of worldwide use)
[Alley et al., 2006]14
When the tested assertion was in the sentence
headline, students performed significantly better
Overall percent correct (traditional headline): 70%
Overall percent correct (sentence headline): 82%p < 0.001
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Question
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0.0Score
(Sentence)/Score
(Traditional) Statistically significant increase
No significant differenceStatistically significant decrease
[Alley et al., 2006]
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
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Toulmin, Stephen E., The Uses of Argument(New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Zhu, Julie, IDEAS Simulation of Thermal Stresses Between Substrate and Copper Stripes With
Different Widths, presentation (Blacksburg, VA: ECE Department, Virginia Tech, 2 May 2003).
The slide design presented here is more persuasive
than PowerPoints default design
Design leads to fewer slides,which can increase ethos
Sentence headline canclarify assertions
Images in body cansupply cogent evidence
Discrete Components
Passive module
Power passive modules perform the same functionsas discrete circuits but with smaller volumes
The total volume is cut by more than half
168 cm3
82 cm3
16[Toulmin, 2003]
[Zhu, 2003]
Discrete Components
Passive module
Power passive modules perform the same functions
as discrete circuits but with smaller volumes
The total volume is cut by more than half
168 cm3
82 cm3
17
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
11/12
Marthinsen, Gunnhild, Jan T. Lifjeld, and Liv Wennerberg, Population Differentiation in Dunlins Calidris
alpina in Northern Europe (Oslo, Norway: Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, 6 June 2004).
Toulmin, Stephen E., The Uses of Argument(New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
An argument is more persuasive if the audienceknows the claims and warrants
[Marthinsen et al., 2004]
Claim:
assertion
[Toulmin, 2003]
Warrant:key background
The research question is whether the dunlins ofIceland and the Baltic Sea are different subspecies
If so, because the population of the Baltic dunlins is declining,
it may be a threatened subspecies
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/polar.html
Lars Erik Johannessen
22
The research question is whether the dunlins of
Iceland and the Baltic Sea are different subspecies
If so, because the population of the Baltic dunlins is declining,it may be a threatened subspecies
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/polar.html
Lars Erik Johannessen
8/14/2019 rethinking scientific presentations psu
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References
Alley, Michael, The Craft of Scientific Presentations (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003), chap 4.
Alley, Michael, and Kathryn A. Neeley, "Rethinking the Design of Presentation Slides: A Case for Sentence
Headlines and Visual Evidence," Technical Communication, vol. 52, no. 4 (November 2005), pp. 417-426.
Alley, Michael, Madeline Schreiber, Katrina Ramsdell, and John Muffo, "How the Design of Headlines in
Presentation Slides Affects Audience Retention," Technical Communication, vol. 53, no. 2 (May 2006), pp.
225-234.
Gottlieb, Larry, How I Leaped Almost Overnight from Traditional Tech Writer to Marcom Guy to Hybridin
a Tad More Than Four Decades," Proceedings of the 49th Annual Conference for the Society of Technical
Communication (Nashville, TN: Society for Technical Communication, 2002).
Marthinsen, Gunnhild, Jan T. Lifjeld, and Liv Wennerberg, Population Differentiation in Dunlins Calidris
alpina in Northern Europe (Oslo, Norway: Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, 6 June 2004).
Robertshaw, Harry, Class Period 15: Signals and Systems, classroom presentation (Blacksburg, VA: ME4005, 16 March 2004).
Schmidt, Cynthia, Methods to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants, presentation
(Austin, Texas: University of Texas December 1999).
Shaw, Gordon, Robert Brown, and Philip Bromiley, Strategic Stories: How 3M Is Rewriting Business
Planning,Harvard Business Review (MayJune, 1998), pp. 4150.
Toulmin, Stephen E., The Uses of Argument(New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Zess, Gary, and Karen Thole, Computational Design and Experimental Evaluation of Using a Leading Edge
Fillet on a Gas Turbine Vane, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Exposition, 2001-GT-404 (New Orleans:
IGTI, 5 June 2001).
Zhu, Julie, IDEAS Simulation of Thermal Stresses Between Substrate and Copper Stripes with Different
Widths, presentation (Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech, 2 May 2003).
In summary, this slide design gives a much higher
starting point than PowerPoints default design
Templates: http://writing.eng.vt.edu/slides.html
Fillets reduce leading edge vortices in natureand in engineering
Fillet on dorsal finof shark
Fillet on Seawolfsubmarine
Fillet
Fillet
[Devenportet al., 1991]
[Rader, 1997]
[Zess and Thole, 2001]
more persuasive
more readilyunderstood
more memorable